Ni gute abantu bakora mu gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga bahitamo abatanga serivisi

Ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga Akenshi bahura n'ibibazo byinshi baba bakora ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti cyangwa izindi promosiyo zo mu mahanga. Nohereje amabaruwa menshi, ariko sinabonye igisubizo; numvaga ko navuganye neza n'abaguzi, ariko amaherezo ntacyo byari bimaze; nakiriye ibibazo byinshi byiza, ariko amaherezo nta masezerano... Inshuti nyinshi zumva ko zitazi itumanaho neza. Byakozwe neza cyane, ariko kuki ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru bikibaho?

Reka dushyire ku ruhande uburyo bwo kwamamaza no kwamamaza muri iki gihe, ahubwo dusesengure kandi tuganire ku bintu byo guhitamo abatanga ibicuruzwa dukurikije uko abaguzi bo mu mahanga babibona. Ni izihe mpamvu zatumye ubura abaguzi bawe?

1. Igiciro si cyo gipimo cyonyine

Ku bacuruzi benshi bo mu mahanga, "ibiciro bimwe ni byo biganza isi" bishobora kuba uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gukora. Ariko, iyo abakiriya bamaze kubona ibitekerezo n'impungenge, uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa ni ukugabanya igiciro, cyangwa gusaba undi muntu gutanga igiciro runaka. Niba batabyemera, ntibazashobora gukomeza. Ariko, mu by'ukuri, mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, abaguzi bo mu turere dutandukanye bafite amahame atandukanye yo gusuzuma ibiciro, kandi igiciro si cyo kintu cyonyine kigena.

Abaguzi bo mu Burayi bw'Iburengerazuba n'Abanyamerika

Ubwiza buri gihe buza imbere

Abaguzi bo mu Burayi bw'Iburengerazuba na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika basaba abatanga ibicuruzwa kugira amahame meza yo kwemeza ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo kubicunga, uburyo bwo kubitunganya, uburyo bwo kubigenzura, nibindi.

Bitewe n'umuco w'amasezerano maremare y'i Burayi n'amategeko akaze, ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge buke ntibishobora kwemerwa n'isoko. Iyo habayeho ikibazo, ibicuruzwa bizasubizwa mu rugo nta mananiza kandi hakazishyurwa indishyi nyinshi. Kubwibyo, ubuziranenge ni ingenzi ku masoko y'i Burayi na Amerika.

Iyo tuganira n'abakiriya b'i Burayi n'Abanyamerika, ntukibande ku giciro gusa. Kuko ku baguzi b'i Burayi n'Abanyamerika, ibiciro biri hejuru si ikibazo, ahubwo bagomba gusobanurirwa impamvu ibiciro biri hejuru. Ni ngombwa kugaragaza agaciro k'inyongera k'ibicuruzwa, ibyiza by'ubwiza, n'ibyiza bya serivisi, kugira ngo hagaragazwe ingingo zigurishwa. Ibi ni byiza cyane kandi birushaho kwemeza kuruta gufata iya mbere mu kugabanya ibiciro.

Barushaho kwita ku kureba niba ibicuruzwa bishobora gutangwa ku gihe, niba hari ibibazo by’ubuziranenge, igipimo cy’ibyangiritse by’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kubitwara, ubwoko bwa serivisi zitangwa nyuma yo kugurisha, ndetse niba hari ibirego by’abakiriya, n’ibindi.

Icya kabiri ku rutonde ni ugutanga neza

Ku masoko yo mu Burengerazuba bw'u Burayi na Amerika, ubucuruzi bwabo ni icyitegererezo cy' "imikorere y'uruhererekane". Urugero, Carrefour, Wal-Mart, na IKEA bidukikije, ndetse na McDonald's na KFC mu nganda zitunganya amafunguro, byose bikora hakurikijwe ubu buryo. Hanyuma, icyo asabwa cyane ni igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa neza. Igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa neza gusa ni cyo gishobora kwemeza ko uruhererekane rwose rw'ibicuruzwa ruhamye kandi rwizewe, kugira ngo buri sano rishobore gutangwa no gukorwa ku gihe kandi neza.

Igitekerezo cya serivisi kiza ku mwanya wa gatatu.

Sobanukirwa igitekerezo cya serivisi ku isoko ryose. Nubwo ibiciro biri hejuru, igitekerezo cye gishobora gutanga serivisi nziza kandi zuzuye ku bufatanye bw'ejo hazaza, kandi iki giciro gishobora kuba kinini cyane kuruta itandukaniro ry'igiciro cy'imigabane.

Abaguzi baturutse mu Burusiya, Ukraine n'ibindi bihugu byahoze ari Abasoviyeti ndetse no mu Burayi bw'Iburasirazuba

Igiciro ni ingenzi cyaneNubwo mu ntangiriro za 1990, gahunda ya politiki muri aka karere yahindutse cyane. Ariko, icyitegererezo cy'ubukungu bw'akarere n'imikorere y'isoko biracyafite icyo bita "icyitegererezo cy'ubukungu cyimbitse" cy'amasoko manini, umusaruro ushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye, no gukwirakwiza mu byiciro bitandukanye mu myaka mike ishize.

Kubwibyo, iyo twitabiriye imurikagurisha mu Burusiya, muri Ukraine no mu Burayi bw'Iburasirazuba, dukunze kubona ikintu gishimishije. Nta n'umwe mu bamurikagurisha cyangwa abaguzi usanzwe avuga Icyongereza neza. Abenshi muri bo ntibashishikajwe cyane no kugura ibicuruzwa aho bakorera, ahubwo bahangayikishijwe cyane n'abatanga ibicuruzwa hafi yabo. Kubwibyo, ingano y'ibicuruzwa bigurwa muri aka karere akenshi iba nini, ariko icyakora igiciro kiba kiri hejuru cyane.

Kubera ko umubare w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe ari munini, impinduka nto ku giciro cya buri kimwe zizatera impinduka zikomeye ku giciro cyose. Kubwibyo, abaguzi bazagerageza buri gihe kugabanya ibiciro by’abatanga ibicuruzwa, kandi amaherezo bagakorana n’umutanga ibicuruzwa ku giciro gito cyane. Ku bijyanye n’ubwiza, nta bisabwa bikomeye nk’ibyo.

Amasoko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati

Bitewe n'uko ifite ubukungu buke, ku ruhande rumwe, ifite ibisabwa byinshi ku biciro, ariko icyarimwe, hari n'ibindi bintu byinshi bidasobanutse neza. Mu gupiganwa kw'imishinga, kubaka, no gutanga amasoko y'ubucuruzi, imibanire hagati y'abantu, komisiyo, n'ibintu biri munsi ya mudasobwa akenshi bigena niba igikorwa cyagenze neza cyangwa kitagenze neza. Ubuyobozi bwiza. Ku bakiriya muri ibi bice, inama zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukoreshwa mu kwamamaza.

Urugero: nyuma yuko abacuruzi bacu b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga batanze ibiciro ku bakiriya, akenshi bakoresha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo kuganira ako kanya (nka MSN, Yahoo, Skype, nibindi) kugira ngo bavugane n'abandi bakiriya. Mu gihe cy'itumanaho, bashobora kugeza ku bakiriya ibindi bikubiyemo, urugero: Ibiciro byacu birimo komisiyo ya 2-3%, kandi rimwe na rimwe amafaranga y'iyi komisiyo ni amezi 3-5 cyangwa arenga y'umushahara w'undi muntu. Iyo komisiyo irangiye, tubaha komisiyo nk'uko twabisezeranye. Iyo komisiyo itararangira, nta mpamvu yo kwishyura igiceri kimwe mu mufuka wacu ku wundi muntu.

Ibi bingana no gushyira umwe mu bo duhanganye mu biganiro tudakoresheje amafaranga yo kudufasha gukusanya amakuru no kunoza itumanaho ryiza kugira ngo tworohereze amasezerano ya nyuma y’ubucuruzi.

Kubwibyo, nk'umucuruzi, ntibihagije kuganira gusa ku giciro n'umukiriya. Ugomba gukomeza itumanaho n'umukiriya, gukoresha imvugo undi muntu ashobora kumva, gukoresha ibibazo bifunguye, gusesengura itandukaniro ry'umukiriya, no kwibanda ku mukiriya. Abakiriya baturutse mu turere dutandukanye kandi bafite imiterere itandukanye bafata ingamba zitandukanye, kugira ngo babashe kwigarurira ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ni mu kuba umuhanga mu gutekereza no gusesengura abakiriya gusa dushobora kwibasirwa kandi tugakomeza kuba abadatsindwa.

2. Ihamye n'ubwizigirwa bw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa

Nk'umuguzi wo mu mahanga, icyo wifuza cyane ni ugukorana n'inganda cyangwa abacuruzi bafite inganda zabo bwite, no kugabanya uburyo bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo ubone igiciro cyiza na serivisi nziza. Iyi ni intambwe ikenewe kugira ngo abaguzi bahitemo uwo bafatanyabikorwa ba nyuma.

Incuro nyinshi, iyo abacuruzi b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga baganira n'abaguzi bo mu mahanga, undi muntu abaza niba turi uruganda cyangwa abacuruzi. Akamaro kadasanzwe k'uruganda ni uko rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora tekiniki buhanitse, rushobora kunoza tekiniki no kuvugurura ku gihe hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, kandi rushobora kugenzura neza uruziga rw'umusaruro, kugenzura ikiguzi, n'ibindi.

Ariko ku bacuruzi, hari n'ibyiza byihariye abakora ibicuruzwa badafite. Abacuruzi bakunda kuba abanyamwuga mu bumenyi bw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga no kugenzura ingaruka z'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga. Mu gihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, hafi 80% by'ibyo batumiza bagira ibibazo by'ubwoko bumwe cyangwa ubundi, byaba ibyo umuntu atekereza cyangwa ibyo agamije. Akenshi amasosiyete y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga ashobora gutanga ibisubizo byihuse kandi by'umwuga. Byongeye kandi, iyo ibyo batumiza biri mu buryo bw'umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi, biroroha kugenzura ibintu byose n'uburyo bikorwamo binyuze mu gukorana na sosiyete y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga. Uburyo bwo guhuza uruziga rw'umusaruro, igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa, igihe cyo gupakira, nibindi ni ikibazo abaguzi bo mu mahanga badashobora kwirinda. Igisubizo cya nyuma rero, ni ugucuruza n'umucuruzi. Uburyo bwose bw'ubucuruzi bwuzuzwa n'ifishi yo kugenzura n'urutonde rw'inyandiko zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Abacuruzi bazaba bafite inshingano ku bijyanye n'ibikenewe byose nko kwishyura, guhuza, no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku nganda zose. Igiciro cya nyuma ni amafaranga ya 2% gusa yishyurwa umucuruzi.

Rero, nk'umuguzi wo mu mahanga, yaba ari uguhitamo uruganda cyangwa umucuruzi, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ko ibintu byose bihamye kandi byizerwa mu gihe cyose cy'ubucuruzi.

3. Ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku rwego runini Ku baguzi bo mu mahanga, byifujwe ko abafatanyabikorwa bagira ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa mu rwego runini. Ingano y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa by'uruganda bigaragaza neza agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byarwo, uburyo abaguzi barwo bangana, n'uburyo isoko rishobora kuba rinini. Abaguzi benshi bamenyereye kandi bizera amasosiyete afite ubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga buriho ubu buri mu buryo bw'igihe kirekire ugereranyije n'igihe kirekire. Ni ukuvuga ko bidashoboka ko umuguzi wo mu mahanga agira umucuruzi umwe gusa wo kumukorera, kandi mu buryo nk'ubwo, ntibishoboka ko umucuruzi agira umuguzi umwe gusa, bitabaye ibyo hazabaho ibyago byinshi by'ubucuruzi. Iyo habayeho ikibazo ku bafatanyabikorwa, bizatera ikibazo gikomeye. Kubwibyo, abaguzi bazi neza ko abagurisha badashobora gukorera umwe muri bo gusa. Niba urwego rw'umusaruro w'umucuruzi ari ruto, ntabwo ruzashobora guhaza icyifuzo cy'itumiza. Iyo bihutishijwe kugira ngo byuzuze ibyo abandi baguzi batumije, igihe cyo kubitanga kizatinda. Ibi ntibyemewe n'abakiriya benshi, bigaruka ku ngingo yabanje kandi ntibishobora kubungabunga umutekano n'ubwizigirwa bw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.

Ku rundi ruhande, iyo ibicuruzwa bitaragurishwa ku isoko ryihariye, nta muntu ushobora guhanura ikizagenda. Niba ingano y’ibicuruzwa ari nziza cyane, birashoboka cyane ko umubare w’ibicuruzwa bikurikira uzaba ukubye inshuro nyinshi ibyo byatumijwe mbere. Niba ingano y’umusaruro w’umutanga ibicuruzwa ari nke, ntabwo izashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by’isoko. Cyane cyane ubushobozi bw’umusaruro n’uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bw’abatanga ibicuruzwa b’Abashinwa, mu buryo bufatika, buracyari inyuma y’amahame mpuzamahanga. Inganda ebyiri, cyangwa ndetse n’amatsinda abiri y’umusaruro mu ruganda rumwe, ashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye cyane akoresheje igishushanyo kimwe. Isesengura rya nyuma ni uko urwego rw’ubuziranenge n’ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho bikiri inyuma cyane, kandi ibintu by’abantu biracyafite uruhare runini mu ikorwa ry’ibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, muri iyo mimerere, abaguzi bo mu mahanga baracyakunda guhitamo ikigo gifite ubushobozi bunini bwo gukora nk’umutanga ibicuruzwa uhamye. Ku bigo byinshi bito n’ibiciriritse, bashobora kugirirwa icyizere n’abaguzi bo mu mahanga binyuze mu gukabya ingano n’ubushobozi bwabo, ariko witondere kudakabya cyane.

4. Amasoko abatanga ibicuruzwa binjiyemo

Ku baguzi bo mu mahanga, uretse ibintu by'ibanze nk'igiciro n'igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa amasoko abatanga ibicuruzwa binjiyemo n'inyandiko zabo zo kugurisha mu masoko ajyanye n'ibyo bashaka.

Byaba ari ubucuruzi rusange cyangwa serivisi za OEM (Uruganda rw'ibikoresho by'umwimerere), iyo ibicuruzwa byinjiye ku isoko ry'ibyo bicuruzwa, bisaba inzira yo kwemerwa no guhuzwa n'isoko. Kubwibyo, kugira inyandiko z'ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry'ibyo bicuruzwa biba icyemezo cy'ingirakamaro ku bagurisha. Bituma abaguzi basobanukirwa neza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa by'umucuruzi, urwego rw'ibikorwa byo gukora, amahame akurikizwa, ikirango cy'ubucuruzi n'uburyo bwo kubona ikirango n'andi makuru mu gihe gito gishoboka. Muri rusange, abaguzi bo mu mahanga bashobora kwizera uburambe bw'abaguzi ba bagenzi babo.

Ku nganda zitandukanye n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, abaguzi bo mu mahanga bafite impungenge zitandukanye ku bijyanye n'inyandiko z'ibicuruzwa by'abatanga ibicuruzwa. Mu nganda nk'imashini, inganda zikomeye, sisitemu z'ibikorwa remezo, n'ibindi, bitewe n'itandukaniro rinini mu bipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda mu bihugu bitandukanye, urugero, ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa mu gihugu cyacu ni GB (National Standard) cyangwa JB (Minisiteri y'Imashini). Imiterere n'inganda zose zikora ibicuruzwa, byose bishyirwa mu bikorwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho kandi bifite kode za GB zijyanye nabyo, nka: GB 4573-H. Ibindi bihugu byateye imbere bifite ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu, nka ASTM (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika), BS (Ubwongereza), DIN (Ubudage), JIS (Ubuyapani), GOST-R (Uburusiya), nibindi. Ugereranyije n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu cyacu, bimwe muri ibi bipimo bishobora kuba bihuye, ariko byinshi muri byo biratandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, iyo ukora commande zo mu mahanga, umusaruro ugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho n'inzira bireba. Ariko, kubera ko ibigo byinshi bito bidafite ubushobozi nk'ubu bw'ibikoresho n'umusaruro, akenshi bikoresha uburyo bw'amahirwe.

Dufashe urugero rw'uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi n'amavuta, hari amahame atandukanye ku mavali n'amapompo akoreshwa mu miyoboro. Urugero, uburyo bwose bwubahiriza amabwiriza ya DIN3352 y'Abadage, bityo ibikoresho byose ku giti cyabyo birasabwa kubahiriza ayo mahame. Amwe mu masosiyete yacu mato nta mashini zikora kandi nta bushobozi bwo gukora, kandi ntashaka kureka gutumiza, bityo akora gusa amasafuriya y'ibice byose bihuza hakurikijwe aya mahame, mu gihe yose ari amabwiriza ya GB. Ibi bitera ingorane zikomeye ku bakiriya. Nubwo bigaragara ko amahame ya shafuri ashobora guhuzwa, mu by'ukuri, kubera ko uburebure bw'imiterere y'amabwiriza y'Abashinwa ari bunini kurusha ubw'Abadage, ibi bikoresho ntibishobora gushyirwa muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro. Ntabwo byatakaje gusa igihe kinini n'ikiguzi cyo guhindura ku mugurisha, ahubwo byanagize ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

Kubwibyo, kuri ubu bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, amateka y'ibicuruzwa by'umucuruzi mu gihugu ajyamo ni ingenzi cyane, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ubushobozi bwe mu gukora n'urwego rw'ibikorwa. Iyo dukiriye ikibazo nk'icyo, niba umukiriya yarakibajije cyangwa atarakibajije, niba dushobora kwerekana amateka yacu y'ibicuruzwa, bizafasha umukiriya, kandi dushobora no kongera ingano y'ibicuruzwa byacu mbere na mbere. Ishusho iri mu bitekerezo by'abaguzi bo mu mahanga.

No ku myenda, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, inganda z’imideli, n’ibindi. Kuri ubu bwoko bw’ibicuruzwa, amateka y’ibicuruzwa by’umucuruzi mu gihugu umugurisha ashaka kugeramo afitanye isano itaziguye n’ubushobozi bw’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’icyiciro gito ndetse n’igitutu cy’ipiganwa gituruka mu nganda imwe. Buri muguzi w’ibicuruzwa bishya bigezweho yifuza “gufata iya mbere mu ntambwe imwe akabirya ku isi yose.”

Mu 2007, iduka rizwi cyane ricuruza ibikoresho byo mu rugo muri Tayilande ryaguze intebe nshya yo kuriramo ya PE iturutse mu Bushinwa, ku giciro cy'ibice 3.000 ku kwezi. Igiciro cya CIF kiri hafi amadolari 12 y'Amerika, mu gihe igiciro cyo kugurisha mu gace kabo kirenga amadolari 135 y'Amerika, ni ukuvuga inshuro zirenga 10. Nyuma y'amezi atatu, imikino nk'iyo yinjiye ku isoko, maze igiciro kiva ku madolari 135 y'umwimerere kigera hafi ku madolari 60. Mu mezi abiri, iyi ntebe yo kuriramo ntizongera kugurishwa, ahubwo izahindurwamo ibindi bicuruzwa bishya. Kubera ko ku nganda z'imideli, inyungu y'ibicuruzwa bishya iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'iy'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.

Kuri ubu bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, bitewe n'uko bikunzwe kandi byihariye, dushobora gukurura inyungu z'abaguzi bo mu mahanga binyuze mu bicuruzwa bishya, no gukoresha isoko ryihariye binyuze mu bigo byihariye. Igihe cyose tubyitayeho neza, dushobora kongera inyungu mu bicuruzwa. Ushobora kandi gushinga buhoro buhoro ubucuruzi bwawe bwite bwo kwamamaza no gusabana n'abandi mu mahanga.

5. Sisitemu yuzuye yo kwemeza

Abaguzi bo mu mahanga benshi bifuza gukorana n'amasosiyete yatsinze sisitemu mpuzamahanga zo kwemeza, nka ISO, SGS, DNV, nibindi. Urugero, abaguzi bo mu Burayi basaba ko ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga bigomba kubona icyemezo cya CE, kandi bimwe mu bihugu nabyo bisaba icyemezo cy'umwuga bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, nibindi. Urugero: icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha mu buryo bwo kwirinda inkongi mu Bwongereza, icyemezo cy'ubudage cya GS, nibindi. Ku baguzi b'Abanyamerika, icyemezo cy'ubuziranenge n'imicungire ya ISO ni ingenzi cyane. Byongeye kandi, ku isoko rya Amerika, amashyirahamwe y'inganda ni ingenzi kandi afite ububasha. Hanyuma ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe by'amashyirahamwe y'inganda nabyo ni icyerekezo abaguzi bahitamomo abatanga ibicuruzwa. Urugero: API (American Petrol Institute) icyemezo cy'ikigo cya peteroli cya Amerika, icyemezo cy'ishyirahamwe ry'inganda z'amazi rya AWWA, nibindi. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe tudateye imbere, nka Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, ibihugu bimwe byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati n'uturere tumwe na tumwe muri Afurika, amahame asanzwe yo kwemeza ni ISO. Muri icyo gihe, amwe mu mahame yo kwemeza y'Ubushinwa nayo araremewe, nka: CQC, CCIC, CCC, nibindi.

Byongeye kandi, muri gahunda yo kwemeza, hari kandi ibisabwa mu rwego rwo kwemeza impamyabushobozi z’ikigo n’igenzura ry’ubuziranenge. Ku baguzi bo mu mahanga, uburyo bwo kwemeza impamyabushobozi bw’umuntu wa gatatu ni uburyo bwo kugenzura buboneye, bwigenga, kandi bukoreshwa kenshi. Ubusanzwe hari uburyo bukurikira: guha uburenganzira umuntu wa gatatu gukora nk'umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge (QC) kugira ngo agenzure ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, ikoranabuhanga mu gukora, impamyabushobozi z’ikigo, nibindi;

Emerera mugenzi wawe w’undi ufite icyizere cyo kugenzura ikigo. Ubusanzwe mugenzi wawe aba asobanukiwe neza ubushobozi bw’ikigo, ibicuruzwa, ubushobozi bwo gukora, nibindi, ndetse n’ibyiza n’ibibi byacyo; icyakora, ubu buryo buragoye gushyira mu bikorwa mu Bushinwa. Bitewe n’ingeso zidasanzwe z’Abashinwa, iyo abaguzi bababajije ibijyanye n’ibicuruzwa n’imikorere ya bagenzi babo, akenshi ntibashobora kubona ibisubizo bikwiye; icyemezo gitangwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga itanga icyemezo, nka: SGS, BV, nibindi.

Ubunararibonye bwinshi mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga n'impano z'umwuga Abaguzi bo mu mahanga bakeneye abafatanyabikorwa bafite ubunararibonye mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga n'amatsinda y'abakozi bakuze. Icyo bakeneye si ubumenyi bw'umwuga mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga gusa, ahubwo ni no kumenya ubunararibonye bujyanye n'imikorere mu nzira yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ndetse no gutegura inyandiko z'ubucuruzi zisanzwe, hamwe n'ubuhanga mu itumanaho ry'indimi nyinshi. Ibi bishobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byinjizwa neza, byumvikana, byemerwa kandi bigurishwa ku masoko yo mu mahanga. Ku bigo byo mu kinyejana cya 21, ibicuruzwa ni umutungo, amafaranga ni umutungo, ariko umutungo w'ingenzi ni impano.

Mu 2004, hashinzwe inganda ebyiri zikora ibikoresho by’ubuhanga mu gutunganya ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu Mujyi wa Dongying, mu Ntara ya Shandong. Imwe muri zo ifite imari shingiro ya miliyoni 20, indi ifite miliyoni 8 gusa. Iyo umusaruro ugenwe n’imbaraga, uruganda rufite ishoramari ryinshi ruzatera imbere vuba cyane, ndetse biteganijwe ko ruzaba intangarugero mu nganda muri ako karere. Ariko ukuri akenshi gutandukanye n’ibyo abantu biteze. Mu 2007, ubwo natumirwaga gusura izi sosiyete ebyiri nanone, nasanze ubushobozi bwo gukora burenga 60% by’iyi sosiyete nini bwari bukorerwa isosiyete ntoya. Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa, impamvu ni uko iyi sosiyete nto yari ifite itsinda ry’abacuruzi b’abanyamahanga bakomeye cyane, ku buryo umubare w’amakode yakiraga warenze cyane ubushobozi bwo gukora uruganda rwayo. Tekereza rero, wenda mu myaka 5, cyangwa se mu gihe gito, uru ruganda runini rushobora guhuzwa cyangwa rugashyirwaho. Hanyuma impamvu nyamukuru iri mu mpano. Nk’uko bivugwa, niba umuntu umwe ashobora kubaka igihugu, umuntu umwe ashobora no kubaka uruganda.

Ku bikorwa by'ubucuruzi mu kinyejana cya 21, akamaro k'impano karakomeje kugaragara kandi karushijeho kuba ingenzi mu guhangana kw'ibigo. Nk'umucuruzi wacu w'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, tugomba kugira inshingano mu gihe tuganira n'abakiriya no kuvugana binyuze mu butumwa bwa elegitoroniki. Kubera ko buri butumwa bwoherejwe na buri nteruro uvuga atari wowe ubwawe gusa, ahubwo ni ikigo kiri inyuma yawe. Abaguzi bo mu mahanga basobanukiwe imbaraga z'ikigo binyuze mu kuvugana n'abacuruzi bacu, bakamenya niba bagomba gukomeza itumanaho ryimbitse, kandi bagashyiraho intego zo kugura za nyuma. Kubwibyo, buri mucuruzi wacu w'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga agomba gutekereza buri gihe ku rwego rw'ubucuruzi bwe, ubumenyi afite, no gusobanukirwa politiki kugira ngo arebe niba yujuje ibisabwa mu iterambere ry'ikigo kugira ngo arusheho kwiteza imbere no kwiteza imbere.

Ahubwo, nk'umuyobozi w'ubucuruzi n'umukozi, ufite ubunararibonye buhagije, ubumenyi n'ubuhanzi bwo gucunga kugira ngo uhitemo kandi ukomeze itsinda ryiza kandi rihamye, kandi ubashe gushishikariza buri munyamuryango w'ikipe ubushobozi n'ishyaka kugira ngo kugira ngo tugaragaze ubushobozi buhanitse, iyi ni ingingo tugomba gutekerezaho byihutirwa mu bushakashatsi bwa kirimbuzi.

7. Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi buzira amakemwa Ubunyangamugayo n'ubwizerwe bigize amahame mbwirizamuco yo gukorana n'abantu. Ubunyangamugayo ni umutima n'ubugingo bw'ubucuruzi. Nta bunyangamugayo nta bucuruzi bushobora kugira icyo bugeraho by'ukuri. Hari umugani wa kera w'Abashinwa ugira uti: Mu ntangiriro, kamere muntu ni nziza. Ariko, kumenya ubunyangamugayo mu itumanaho hagati y'abantu birabura, cyane cyane mu nzira y'ubucuruzi. Iyo Abashinwa baganiriye bwa mbere, akenshi babanza gutekereza niba undi muntu arimo gushukana kandi niba hari imitego inyuma ya buri jambo. Akenshi nyuma y'imikoranire myinshi, uzagera ku mwanzuro w'uko uyu muntu atari mubi nkuko wabitekerezaga bwa mbere. Umuco w'Iburengerazuba ni ikinyuranyo gusa. Imitekerereze y'Abanyaburengerazuba yemera ko buri wese avukana icyaha, bityo akenshi agomba guhongerera ibyaha bye no kwihana. Ariko ukwemera kwa mbere Abanyaburengerazuba bagira iyo bavuganye n'abantu batazi ni ukwizerana. Azakwemera uko wavuga kose, ariko ntumureke amenye ko wamubeshye.

Amasosiyete menshi yacu, kugira ngo akunde inyungu ntoya ako kanya, agabanya ibyo avuga ku bwiza n'ibindi bintu, kandi agatanga amasezerano adafatika. Bamwe mu bakora ubucuruzi ndetse bizera ko iyo babonye amafaranga y'inyongera aturutse ku mukiriya, bahinduka bakava ku kuba imbata y'Imana. Abaguzi benshi bo mu mahanga bavuze ko igihe cyose amwe mu masosiyete yo mu Bushinwa abonye ayo mafaranga, atazigera ayakura mu mifuka yabo, nubwo adashobora gukora ibyo yasezeranye mbere. Ibi byangije cyane icyizere cy'abakiriya, ndetse binagira ingaruka zikomeye ku izina mpuzamahanga ry'ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu Bushinwa n'amasosiyete akora mu Bushinwa.

Ku baguzi bo mu mahanga, bashobora kugira inenge z’ubuziranenge kuko bashobora gukora ubushakashatsi no kunoza; bashobora no kwihanganira inenge z’imiterere kuko bashobora kubiganiraho hamwe. Ariko, uburiganya ntibushobora kwihanganirwa. Iyo agaragaye ko yashutswe ahantu hamwe, bivuze ko hashobora no kubaho uburiganya ahandi. Rero nta mahirwe azabaho. Ntitugerageze rero gushuka abakiriya bawe, kabone n’iyo haba ari ahantu hato.

Muri rusange, kugira ngo turusheho gukora neza mu kwamamaza ibigo byacu by’Abashinwa mu mahanga, tugomba gutekereza kenshi ku ntege nke zacu n’aho tugomba kunoza itumanaho ryacu n’abaguzi. Ni ukumenya wowe ubwawe n’umwanzi ni bwo bwonyine butuma utsinda buri rugamba!