Kontineri yanjye imaze ukwezi ifatiwe muri gasutamo! Intambwe 3 z'ingenzi zo kubaka ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikibazo cyo gusohora ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo

Kontineri yanjye imaze ukwezi ifatiwe muri gasutamo! Intambwe 3 z'ingenzi zo kubaka ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikibazo cyo gusohora ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo

"Nari mfite amadosiye arenga 3.000 yo ku wa gatanu w'umukara, kandi ububiko bwerekana ko 'butegereje koherezwa,' ariko konteneri yanjye imaze iminsi 32 iherereye ku cyambu cya Los Angeles!"

Mu cyumweru gishize, naganiriye na Bwana Chen, uyobora ubucuruzi bwo gusana ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu mahanga. Ijwi rye ryari ryuzuyemo kwiheba. Kugira ngo ahuze n'igihembwe cy'imbeho cya Black Friday, yaguze amafaranga mbere y'amezi abiri, ahitamo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi "byizewe". Ariko, kontineri yahagaritswe na gasutamo ubwo yahageraga - impamvu ni uko kode ya HS itarahuye n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa nyabyo, bisaba kongera kohereza inyandiko kugira ngo zisuzumwe. Igihe ibikoresho byose byari byuzuye kandi amakimbirane akemutse, Black Friday yari imaze igihe kirekire irangiye. Ntabwo ari amadosiye menshi gusa yari yatakaye, ahubwo n'amafaranga yo kugabanya ibiciro, amafaranga yo kubika, n'imari shingiro byari bifatanye mu bubiko byariye 40% by'inyungu ze za buri gihembwe.

Niba uri umucuruzi ucuruza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ushobora kuba uzi iki kibazo cyo kumva udafite icyo ukora: buri munsi kontineri ifatiwe muri gasutamo itwara amafaranga yihishe; gutinda mu cyumweru bishobora gutuma ubura igihe cyo kongera gukusanya ibicuruzwa; gutinda mu kwezi bishobora gutuma utakaza inyungu nyinshi mu gihe cy'umwaka, amafaranga yinjira, n'icyizere cy'abakiriya.

Ariko se koko gutinda kwa gasutamo ni "amahirwe make"? Oya rwose. 90% by'ubutinda bwa gasutamo bituruka ku kwitegura nabi no kutagira isuzuma ry'ingaruka. Uyu munsi, turasuzuma intambwe eshatu z'ingenzi zo kugufasha kwiyubaka mu gihe cyo kwishyura gasutamo no kwemeza kontineri zawe zisohoka neza muri gasutamo.

I. Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko: Kurinda ibyago mbere yo koherezwa, atari nyuma yo kuhagera

Abagurisha benshi bibeshya ko: "Gutanga uburenganzira ku misoro ni akazi k'umuhuza wa gasutamo; ngomba kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze gusa." Ariko, ukuri ni uko hafi ya byose bitinda ku misoro bituruka ku burangare mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa.

Urugero rwa Bwana Chen ni urugero rusanzwe: ibicuruzwa bye ni "ibikoresho byo ku meza bipfunyika mu biti," ariko yakoresheje kode ya HS y'"ibikoresho byo ku meza by'ibiti" byo mu mwaka ushize, bituma habaho impaka mu gushyira mu byiciro bya gasutamo - ikosa risa n'aho ari rito ryateje inzira yo "gusuzuma intoki", byafashe ukwezi.

Ibikorwa by'ingenzi:

Huza neza HS Codes kandi ukomeze kumenya amakuru agezweho kuri Politiki ziheruka

Kode ya HS ni "ikarita y'indangamuntu" yo kwemererwa kwishyura muri gasutamo; ndetse n'ikosa ry'umubare umwe rishobora gutera amakosa yo gushyira mu byiciro. Inzego za gasutamo mu bihugu bitandukanye zivugurura kataloge zabo za HS kode buri mwaka (urugero, ibihugu byinshi byahinduye kode zabyo ku bicuruzwa byo mu rugo n'iby'ikoranabuhanga mu 2024). Mbere yo kohereza, ni byiza:
Reba amabwiriza yo kwandika ku rubuga rwemewe rw'ikigo gishinzwe gasutamo ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi, cyangwa uganire n'ikigo cy'umwuga kizi amategeko agenga akarere;
Niba ibicuruzwa birimo ibikoresho bivanze (nk'ibicuruzwa byo ku meza bya "bamboo + silicone"), menya neza ko ugaragaza neza ingano y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi kugira ngo wirinde gushyira mu byiciro bidasobanutse neza.

Tegura inyandiko zuzuye zijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko biratandukanye cyane hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’amasoko atandukanye: EU isaba icyemezo cya CE, FDA yo muri Amerika ifite amahame ntarengwa ku bicuruzwa bikorerwa mu buryo bw’ibiribwa, naho Ubwongereza busaba icyemezo cya UKCA ku bicuruzwa by’ikoranabuhanga. Itegurwa ry’ibanze risabwa: Icyemezo cy’inkomoko n’inyemezabuguzi y’ubucuruzi (gusobanura amakuru y’ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho, n’ikoreshwa ryabyo); Raporo y’isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa (yujuje amahame ntarengwa y’isoko ryihariye); Niba ari ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango, hakenewe inyandiko z’uburenganzira ku kirango (kugira ngo hirindwe igenzura ry’ibyaha).

Tanga igitekerezo cy' "Imiterere y'Ibintu Bikomeye" kandi Uvugane Hakiri kare
Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bishobora gusa n'ibisanzwe, ariko mu by'ukuri biri mu cyiciro cy'"ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga bifite batiri, ibikoresho byo kwita ku ruhu birimo ibintu by'umwimerere, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo bifite ishusho y'impimbano. Kuri ibi bicuruzwa, ni byiza: Gusobanurira umufatanyabikorwa wa gasutamo imiterere y'ibicuruzwa mbere y'igihe no kwemeza niba hari izindi nyandiko zikenewe; Kwirinda "agaciro katagaragara neza" n'"ibisobanuro bidasobanutse neza" (nk'uko byanditse "ibikoresho bisanzwe byo ku meza" aho kwandika "ibikoresho by'amatafari by'ubwenge"), bishobora gutuma igenzura rikomeye rya gasutamo rikorwa.

II. Gushyira mu mucyo imisoro: Kwanga "Konti Zivangavanze" no kwemeza ko imisoro "isobanutse kandi isobanutse"

"Nibwiraga ko kohereza ibicuruzwa byose bikubiyemo, ariko nyuma yo kugera ku cyambu, nahise nishyura $20.000 mu 'misoro y'inyongera,' kandi ntibarekura ibicuruzwa kugeza igihe nishyuye"—ibi ni ibya Madamu Li, ukora ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bwa 3C. Yahisemo uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa "budafite imisoro", ariko agezeyo asanga amahame yo kubara umusoro wa gasutamo adahuye n'ibyo yari yiteze. Hamwe n'amafaranga yo kwishyura atinze, yisanze mu kibazo: "kwishyura si amahitamo, kutishyura na byo si amahitamo."

Ibibazo ku misoro ku bijyanye no kwishyura imisoro ku misoro ya gasutamo ni byo bya kabiri mu bituma habaho gutinda, ibya kabiri nyuma y’ibibazo byo kubahiriza amategeko. Gushyira mu gaciro ku misoro si "kuzigama amafaranga," ahubwo ni "kwirinda kudakora ibintu uko bikwiye."

Ibikorwa by'ingenzi: Gushyira imbere DDP (Umusoro Utanzwe) kugira ngo bizigame amafaranga akoreshwa kuva ku iherezo kugeza ku iherezo

DDP bivuga "imisoro n'amafaranga yose birimo." Amafaranga yose, harimo n'umusoro ku misoro, TVA, n'amafaranga ya serivisi, asobanurwa neza mbere yo koherezwa, birinda "ibiciro byihishe" iyo bigeze. Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'ubu buryo ni: Uruhande rushinzwe kwishyura imisoro rubara imisoro n'amafaranga mbere y'igihe kandi rukabyemeza hamwe na sisitemu ya gasutamo, bigabanye amakimbirane; Abagurisha ntibakeneye gukemura ibibazo by'imisoro ukwabyo, bigatuma bazigama amafaranga yo gutumanaho.

Menya neza ko amakuru yerekeye inyemezabuguzi ari "ukuri kandi ari ukuri," ukanga "gutanga raporo nke/gutanga raporo zirenze urugero"

Bamwe mu bagurisha batanga raporo nkeya ku giciro cy’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo "bazigamire umusoro ku misoro ya gasutamo," ariko ibi bifatwa nk'"itangazo ry'ibinyoma," biganisha ku ifatwa ry'inguzanyo n'iperereza. Uburyo bwiza ni ubu bukurikira: Inyemezabwishyu z'ubucuruzi zigomba kugaragaza neza igiciro nyacyo cy'ibikorwa, ingano, n'ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa. Niba ibicuruzwa ari ingero cyangwa impano, bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso gitandukanye kandi hagatangwa inyandiko zibishyigikira (kugira ngo hirindwe ko bishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'"ibicuruzwa by'ubucuruzi").

Sobanukirwa "amategeko y'imisoro" y'isoko wifuza mbere y'igihe. Igipimo cy'imisoro n'imisoro biratandukanye cyane hagati y'ibihugu: urugero, Amerika ikuraho imisoro iri munsi y'amadolari 800, mu gihe EU ishyiraho igipimo cya TVA kuri €0 ku mapaki y'ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki anyura ku mipaka. Inama: Reba politiki nshya y'imisoro y'isoko wifuza mbere yo kohereza (urugero, ibiciro by'imisoro by'Ubwongereza byahinduwe ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byo mu Bushinwa nyuma ya Brexit); niba agaciro k'ibicuruzwa kari hejuru, gisha inama impuguke mu igenamigambi ry'imisoro mbere y'igihe kugira ngo ugabanye ibiciro mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko kandi bwemewe (aho kugira ngo utange raporo nkeya).

III. Gukorana n' "umufatanyabikorwa w'umwuga wo kwishyura imisoro": Shaka "umuntu uteganya ibyago," atari "umuhuza w'ibintu byoroshye kuri imisoro" gusa.

"Umuhuzabikorwa wa gasutamo nahaye akazi nta kindi azi uretse gutanga inyandiko. Igihe ibicuruzwa byanjye byafatwaga, bambwiye ko nanjye ubwanjye natanga ibikoresho bikenewe, kandi iyo nahamagaraga, bahoraga bavuga ngo 'gukurikirana'" — iki ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu bagurisha benshi.

Ishingiro ry'imisoro ya gasutamo si "gutanga inyandiko," ahubwo ni "guhanura ibyago no gukemura ibibazo." Umufatanyabikorwa w'umwuga mu imisoro ya gasutamo ashobora kugufasha kwirinda 90% by'ibibazo; mu gihe umuhuza usanzwe wa gasutamo azagusiga "uzimya inkongi" gusa nyuma y'ibibazo bibaye.

Ibikorwa by'ingenzi: Gushyira imbere abafatanyabikorwa "bamenyereye isoko ry'ubucuruzi." Amategeko ya gasutamo n'iby'ingenzi mu igenzura biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'igihugu: Gasutamo ya Amerika irakomeye ku burenganzira bw'umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge ku bicuruzwa bya 3C, EU ifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije, kandi Ubwongereza bufite ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo inyandiko zo kwemererwa za gasutamo zibe zuzuye. Abafatanyabikorwa basabwa: Amatsinda afite uburambe mu kwemererwa za gasutamo mu masoko y'ingenzi nka Amerika, EU, n'Ubwongereza (amenyereye "amategeko atanditse" ya gasutamo yo mu gace n'inzira zihuse); Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gutanga "itumanaho ry'aho" (urugero, guhuza n'abahuza ba gasutamo bo mu gace kugira ngo hirindwe imbogamizi z'ururimi).

Suzuma "ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo byihutirwa," ntabwo ari "inshingano zo kubahiriza igihe." Ndetse na gahunda nziza zishobora guhura n'ibintu bitunguranye: nko kugenzura gasutamo bitatangajwe, impinduka za politiki zitunguranye, cyangwa amakosa mato mu nyandiko. Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi bwo gutabara mu bihe byihutirwa bw'umufatanyabikorwa wawe mu kwishyura gasutamo ni ingenzi cyane:

Ese bafite "inzira yo korohereza ibicuruzwa byihuse" (nk'inzira yo gusuzuma ibyihutirwa ku bufatanye na gasutamo)?

Ese bashobora gutanga igisubizo mu masaha 72 (aho gutinda) mu gihe habayeho amakimbirane?

Ese bashobora gutanga "gukurikirana kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera" (amakuru agezweho mu gihe nyacyo kuva ku gutwara imodoka kugeza ku kurangiza kwishyura ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, bakaguha ububasha bwo kubigenzura)?

Anga "imitego ihendutse" kandi ushyire imbere "garanti za serivisi."

Bamwe mu bacuruzi ba gasutamo bakurura abakiriya babo "ibiciro biri hasi," ariko mu by'ukuri bahisha "amafaranga y'ibiciro bya serivisi zikurikira" cyangwa bakanga inshingano iyo habayeho ibibazo. Inama:

Sobanura neza urwego rwa serivisi mbere yo gusinya amasezerano (niba harimo gusuzuma inyandiko, kubara imisoro, no gukemura amakimbirane);

Suzuma imanza zabanje (urugero, niba zaragize uruhare mu gutinda kwemererwa ibicuruzwa bisa, n'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi);

Emeza niba hari "garanti zo kubahiriza amategeko" (urugero, niba hari uburyo bwo kwishyura bujyanye n'ubukererwe buterwa n'amakosa y'umutanga serivisi).

Umwanzuro: Gucunga ingaruka zo kwemererwa kwishyura ku misoro bisaba "gutegura mbere y'igihe."

Kwemerera ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka ntabwo ari ikibazo cy' "amahirwe," ahubwo ni "umushinga uhoraho." Gutinda kwa gasutamo mu kwezi kose bishobora kwangiza imbaraga z'igihembwe cyose cy'impeshyi; icyakora, gufata ingamba eshatu mbere y'igihe - "kubyubahiriza mbere y'igihe, gukorera mu mucyo imisoro, no gukorana n'imiryango y'abanyamwuga" - bishobora kugufasha kwirinda iyi mitego myinshi.

Wibuke: intego nyamukuru yo kwemererwa gusohoka muri gasutamo si "kwemererwa gusohoka vuba," ahubwo ni "kwemererwa gusohoka mu buryo buhamye." Iyo amakontena yawe ashobora kunyuramo neza mu bihe bitandukanye bitunguranye, kandi iyo udahangayikishijwe no "kumenya niba gasutamo izafata ibicuruzwa byawe," ushobora gushyira imbaraga zawe ku bicuruzwa, ibikorwa, no kugurisha - iyi ni yo ntego nyamukuru y'ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.