Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa birimo bateri, ifu n'amazi mu mutekano: Igitabo cy'amabwiriza yo kubahiriza amategeko kuva mu gupakira kugeza mu gutwara abantu

Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa birimo bateri, ifu n'amazi mu mutekano: Igitabo cy'amabwiriza yo kubahiriza amategeko kuva mu gupakira kugeza mu gutwara abantu

Kohereza ibicuruzwa birimo bateri, ifu, n'ibinyobwa mu mahanga bihora bihura n'ingorane eshatu zikomeye: amategeko ahagije yo kubahiriza amategeko, ingaruka zikomeye zo gutwara ibintu, n'igenzura rikomeye rya gasutamo. Kuva ku bintu bito nka ecouteur za Bluetooth (zirimo bateri za lithium) na fondasiyo y'ubwiza (amazi), kugeza ku bintu binini nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'ifu y'inganda na bateri z'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ndetse n'uburangare buto bushobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bifatwa, bigacibwa amande, cyangwa bigasenywa—bigatera igihombo mu buryo bwiza no kwangirika k'amateka y'ikirango mu gihugu kigiye kugeramo mu gihe kibi cyane.

Hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bw'imyaka myinshi mu bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, no guhuza amahame yemewe ku isi nka IMDG Code (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code) na IATA DGR (International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Code), ndetse n'amategeko yihariye agenga amasoko akomeye mu Burayi, muri Amerika no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, iyi ngingo isobanura inzira yose yo kohereza ibicuruzwa byihariye mu mutekano mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi: gupakira, kwandika inyandiko, no gutwara. Ifasha abagurisha ibicuruzwa bambuka imipaka gukemura neza ibibazo bigoye no kugera ku gutwara ibintu mu buryo bunoze kandi bujyanye n'amategeko.

I. Iyubahirizwa ry'ibipfunyika: Ishingiro ry'umutekano ku bicuruzwa byihariye byoherezwa mu mahanga

Gupakira ni wo murongo wa mbere w’uburinzi ku byiciro byihariye by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ntabwo bigomba gusa kuzuza ibisabwa mu kurinda umubiri byo "kurinda gusohoka, imiyoboro migufi, no kwangirika," ahubwo bigomba no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga yo gushyira mu byiciro no gupakira ibicuruzwa biteje akaga (ibisabwa na UN nomero). Ibipimo byo gupakira ku byiciro bitandukanye by’ibicuruzwa bigomba gutandukana neza kugira ngo hirindwe uburyo "bukwiriye byose".

1. Ibikoresho bya bateri (harimo bateri zubatswemo na bateri ku giti cyazo)

Ingaruka nyamukuru z’ibicuruzwa bya bateri ni imiyoboro migufi, ubushyuhe bukabije, n’umuriro. Imibare mpuzamahanga ya Loni ijyanye nayo ni UN3480 (bateri za lithium-ion), UN3090 (bateri za lithium-ion), UN3481 (ibikoresho birimo bateri za lithium-ion), na UN3091 (ibikoresho birimo bateri za lithium-ion). Gupakira bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bikurikira:

Gupakira mu byiciro:
* Bateri ku giti cyazo (urugero: amashanyarazi, amapaki ya bateri): Ugomba gukoresha ipaki yemewe na UN irinda umuriro (urugero: UN13H, amakarito ya UN14H). Buri bateri igomba gupfunyikwa ibikoresho bikingira umuriro (udupfunyika tw'amabara, imifuka ikingira umuriro) kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu by'icyuma bishobora gutera imiyoboro migufi. Buri gasanduku ka bateri ntigakwiye kurenza ibiro 30 kandi kagomba gupakirwa ukwako, ntikavangwe n'ifu cyangwa ibinyobwa.

Ibikoresho bifite bateri zubatswemo (urugero: ecouteur za Bluetooth, mudasobwa zigendanwa): Igikoresho kigomba kuba kizimye, kandi bateri igomba kuba ifungiye imbere kugira ngo idasohoka mu gihe cyo gutwara. Ipaki yo hanze igomba kuba yanditseho "Bateri ya Lithium Imbere" kandi igashyirwaho nimero ya UN (urugero: UN3481).

Ibisobanuro by'uburinzi: Ipaki yo hanze igomba kuba irimo ibikoresho byo gupfuka (ipamba y'amasaro, ifuro) kugira ngo igikoresho kidahinduka mu gihe cyo gutwara; agasanduku k'ikarito kagomba kuba kadapfa ubushuhe kandi kadacika, kadafite ibyangiritse ku buso cyangwa imyenge, kandi gafunze na kaseti ikomeye cyane (kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika mu gihe cyo kugenzura gasutamo).

Ibintu Bibujijwe: Bateri ntizigomba gupakirwa ibikoresho bishobora gushya cyangwa guturika; gupakira byangiritse cyangwa bitaremejwe na UN birabujijwe cyane; bateri za lithium metal (nk'izifite amabutoni) ntizishobora gutwarwa n'indege (amwe mu makompanyi y'indege ni umwihariko, asaba ko habanza kwemezwa ibisabwa).

2. Ibikomoka ku ifu (harimo ifu zo mu nganda, ifu zo kwisiga, n'ifu y'ibiribwa)

Ingaruka nyamukuru z'ibikomoka ku ifu ni ukuva kw'amazi, ivumbi rigakura, no kwitiranywa n'ibikoresho biteza akaga. Imibare ya UN ijyanye nayo igomba gutandukanywa hashingiwe ku miterere yayo: UN3077 (ibintu bikomeye biteza akaga ku bidukikije, nk'ifu imwe na imwe ya shimi), UN1861 (ifu ikomeye ishobora gushya), na UN3245 (ifu idashya kandi idashya). Ibisabwa mu gupakira ni ibi bikurikira:

Gufunga no gukumira amazi asohoka:

Ipaki yo mu nzu: Koresha imifuka ya pulasitiki idasohoka (nk'imifuka ya aluminiyumu cyangwa imifuka ya PE ifunze neza). Ifu igomba kuba ifunze neza, kandi umwanya w'umufuka ugomba gufungwa kabiri ukoresheje ifunga ry'ubushyuhe cyangwa imigozi y'insinga kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi ava mu mazi aturuka mu gihe cyo kuyitwara. Ku ifu nto (nk'ifu ya talcum), hagomba kongerwamo umuti wo kuvura imbere mu mufuka, hanyuma hagashyirwaho indi mifuka ifunze hejuru (uburinzi bubiri).

Gupfunyika hanze: Koresha udusanduku tw’amakarito akomeye. Uzuza umwanya uri hagati y’imbere n’inyuma ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gupfunyika (nk’udupfunyika tw’udupira cyangwa udupapuro) kugira ngo urebe ko ipaki y’imbere idakwirakwira neza ku gasanduku k’amakarito. Buri gakarito ntigakwiye kurenza ibiro 25 kugira ngo wirinde ko ipaki yangirika kubera umuvuduko mwinshi.

Ibisabwa mu gushushanya: Ipaki yo hanze igomba kuba ifite icyapa cya "Ifu". Iyo ifu ishyizwe mu cyiciro cy'ibintu biteje akaga (urugero, UN3077), icyapa cya UN gihuye n'inomero n'icyiciro cy'ibyago (urugero, "Ibidukikije") kigomba kugaragara. Ifu zitateje akaga zisaba "Itangazo ry'Ibicuruzwa Bidateje Akaga" kandi zigomba kugaragara ku gipfunyika ko "zidatera imirasire kandi ntizitwika."

Icyitonderwa: Niba ifu ari umweru (urugero: ifu, ifu ya talcum), ibiyigize bigomba kugaragara neza mu nyandiko zisaba kugira ngo hirindwe kwitiranywa n'ikintu kibujijwe. Ifu y'ibiryo (urugero: ifu ya poroteyine) igomba gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ibiryo, kandi ipfunyika igomba kwandikwaho "Ibiryo Bifite Umutekano."

3. Ibikoresho by'amazi (harimo ibinyobwa byo kwisiga, ibinyobwa bya shimi, n'ibinyobwa byo kwa muganga)

Ingaruka nyamukuru z’ibicuruzwa by’amazi ni ukuva kw’amazi, ingese, no gushya. Imibare ihuriweho na UN ni UN1263 (ibinyobwa bishobora gushya, nk’ibinyobwa bisindisha), UN3082 (ibinyobwa bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije), na UN1950 (imiyoboro y’umwuka, nk’imiti ipfundikira). Ibisobanuro byo gupfunyika ni ibi bikurikira:

Gukumira amazi no kurwanya umuvuduko w'amazi:

Imbere mu gupfunyika: Koresha ibikoresho birwanya ingese kandi bidapfa gusohoka (nk'amacupa y'ikirahure cyangwa amacupa ya pulasitiki ya HDPE). Ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho ntibigomba kurenza litiro 1 (ubwikorezi bw'ikirere) / litiro 5 (ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi). Imyenge y'ibikoresho igomba gupfundikirwa kabiri hamwe n'umupfundikizo n'impeta yo gufunga, kandi imyenge y'icupa igomba gushyirwa hejuru. Ku bintu binywa bishobora gushya (nk'imibavu irimo alcool), hagomba gukoreshwa amacupa adaturika, hamwe n'agafuka k'inyongera gafunze imbere.

Gupfunyika hanze: Koresha udusanduku tw’amakarito akomeye. Ibice bigabanyamo ibice by’imbere bifunga buri gikoresho cy’imbere kugira ngo hirindwe kugongana mu gihe cyo gutwara. Ibikoresho bikuramo ibintu (nk’ipamba rikurura ibintu cyangwa desiccant ya silica gel) bigomba gushyirwa hagati y’agasanduku n’agakarito kugira ngo bikurure amazi kandi birinde kwanduza ibindi bicuruzwa mu gihe byamenetse.

Ibirango n'icyerekezo: Ipaki yo hanze igomba kuba ifite ibirango "Fragile" na "This Side Up", hamwe n'inomero ya UN ijyanye nayo (urugero, UN1263). Ibinyobwa bishya bisaba ikindi kirango "Bishya", kitari munsi ya 10cm x 10cm, kugira ngo kigaragare neza.

Ibisabwa byihariye: Ibinyobwa byo kwa muganga (nk'imiti yica udukoko) bisaba "Itangazo ry'Ikoreshwa ry'Ubuvuzi," kandi ipaki igomba kwandikwaho "Ibikoresho by'Ubuvuzi." Ibinyobwa byo kwisiga (nk'umusingi) bigomba kuba birimo urutonde rw'ibikoreshwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko gasutamo ifungwa kubera ibintu bibujijwe.

II. Itangazo ry'inyandiko: "Urufunguzo rw'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko" ku Kwemererwa Gasutamo

Ku bicuruzwa byihariye byoherezwa mu mahanga, ishingiro ry’imenyekanisha ry’inyandiko ni "ukuri, ubuziranenge, no guhuza"—guhisha, gusiba, cyangwa itandukaniro mu nyandiko bishobora gutuma habaho gutinda kwemererwa ibicuruzwa cyangwa gufungwa. Izi zikurikira ni inyandiko zisabwa n’ibisobanuro by’imenyekanisha, bireba amasoko akomeye yo mu mahanga (Uburayi, Amerika, Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, n’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati):

1. Urutonde rw'inyandiko z'ingenzi zisabwa

MSDS (Urupapuro rw'amakuru yerekeye umutekano w'ibikoresho):
Ibintu Bishoboka: Ibintu byose bivanze n'amazi, ifu, n'ibikomoka kuri bateri (cyane cyane imiti, ibintu bishobora gushya/guturika/kwangirika).

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Ugomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga (urugero, ISO 11014), harimo ibintu 16 by'ingenzi (imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, imiterere y'akaga, ingamba z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, ibisabwa mu gutwara, nibindi); ururimi rugomba kuba rurimo ururimi rwemewe rw'igihugu ugiyemo (urugero, Icyongereza + ururimi rw'aho utuye muri EU, Icyongereza kuri Amerika gusa); igihe cy'ubuziranenge ni imyaka 2, kandi kigomba gutangwa n'ikigo cyujuje ibisabwa (ntigishobora kwitegura).

Icyemezo cy'ubwikorezi (Icyemezo cya DGM/IMDG):
Ibintu Bikurikizwa: Bateri (UN3480/UN3090), ibinyobwa bishobora gushya (UN1263), ifu iteje akaga (UN3077). Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Icyemezo kigomba gutangwa n'ikigo cyemewe (nka DGM cyangwa SGS), kigaragaza neza niba ibicuruzwa ari ibintu biteje akaga, amategeko agenga ubwikorezi (urugero, niba bishobora gutwarwa mu kirere/mu nyanja), n'ibisabwa mu gupakira; icyemezo kigomba kuba gifite agaciro k'umwaka umwe kandi kigomba kuba gihuye n'amakuru nyayo y'ibicuruzwa (urugero, izina ry'ibicuruzwa, imiterere yabyo, inomero ya UN).

Raporo y'ikizamini cya UN38.3 (Icyihariye kuri bateri): Ibintu bifatika: Bateri za Lithium-ion, bateri za lithium metal (bateri zigenga cyangwa ibikoresho bifite bateri zubatswemo).

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Ugomba gutsinda ibizamini bisanzwe bya UN38.3 (harimo ibizamini 8 nko gupima ahantu hanini, gupima ubushyuhe, no gupima ahantu hagufi); raporo igomba kuba ikubiyemo icyitegererezo cya bateri, ubushobozi, n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini; icyemezo cya FCC kirakenewe kugira ngo woherezwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi icyemezo cya CE kirakenewe kugira ngo woherezwe mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

Urutonde rw'inyemezabuguzi n'urutonde rw'ibipaki by'ubucuruzi:

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Izina ry'igicuruzwa (nta magambo adasobanutse neza nka "Ibikenewe buri munsi"cyangwa "imiti," ariko ibisobanuro byihariye nka "impumuro irimo inzoga" cyangwa "baki y'amashanyarazi ya batiri ya lithiamu-ion"), ingano, uburemere, igiciro cy'igice kimwe, n'ingano yose bigomba kugaragazwa neza; ibikoresho by'ibicuruzwa (urugero, "ifu: 95% ya talc + impumuro ya 5%") n'ikoreshwa ryabyo (urugero, "ikoreshwa mu nganda" cyangwa "ubwiza bw'abasivili") bigomba kugaragazwa; inyemezabuguzi igomba gushyirwaho kashe n'umucuruzi wohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, kandi ingano igomba guhurirana n'imenyekanisha rya gasutamo.

Imenyekanisha rya Gasutamo n'inyandiko z'imenyekanishamutungo:

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Itangazo rya gasutamo rigomba gutangaza neza "kode y'ibicuruzwa" (Kode ya HS), hamwe n'ibyiciro byihariye bisaba kode ya HS ikwiye (urugero, Kode ya HS ya bateri ya lithium: 85076000); inyandiko zo kwemererwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu zigomba kuba zirimo "uruhushya rwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa" (urugero, itangazo ryo kubahiriza urutonde rwa SVHC nk'uko biteganywa n'amategeko ya EU REACH, cyangwa icyemezo cya US FDA (ibiribwa/ubwiza)); hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya DDP, "imisoro ya gasutamo n'ibyemezo byo kwishyura TVA" bigomba gutegurwa mbere kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda mu gihe cyo kwemererwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu bitewe n'ibibazo by'imisoro.

2. Amahame y'ingenzi y'Itangazo: "Nta guhisha, Nta gukabya, Nta kwibagirwa"

Guhisha birabujijwe cyane: Kwemeza ko "impumuro y'amazi ikoreshwa mu gutwika" ari "ubwiza busanzwe," cyangwa "bateri za lithium" ari "ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga," bizatuma habaho ifatwa rya gasutamo ndetse n'amande menshi ashobora gucibwa (kugeza kuri 200% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi).

Ubwumvikane bw'amakuru: Inyandiko zose (MSDS, icyemezo cy'ubwikorezi, inyemezabuguzi, imenyekanisha rya gasutamo) zigomba kuba zirimo amazina y'ibicuruzwa bisa, inomero za Loni, ibikoresho, n'uburemere kugira ngo hirindwe itandukaniro riri hagati y'inyandiko n'ibicuruzwa.

Ibisobanuro by'inyongera: Ku bicuruzwa bifite imiterere igoye (nk'ifu ivanze cyangwa ibinyobwa bivanze), hakenewe "raporo y'isesengura ry'ibice" (yatanzwe n'ikigo cya gatatu) y'inyongera, igaragaza neza ingano ya buri gice kugira ngo hagaragazwe ko ibicuruzwa atari ikintu kibujijwe.

III. Guhitamo Uburyo bwo Gutwara: "Igisubizo cyiza" Ibiranga Ibicuruzwa Bihuye

Uburyo bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa byihariye bugomba gutoranywa mu buryo bwuzuye hashingiwe ku "gipimo cy'ingaruka ku bicuruzwa, ibisabwa ku gihe, n'ingengo y'imari ikoreshwa." Muri icyo gihe, abafatanyabikorwa mu by'ubwikorezi bafite impamyabumenyi zihariye zo gutwara ibicuruzwa bagomba gutoranywa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubwikorezi buhagarara bitewe n'uko nta byangombwa bihagije.

1. Ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi: Bukwiriye ibicuruzwa byinshi, bidakoresha igihe gito, kandi bishobora guteza ibyago byinshi

Ibintu Bikurikizwa: Bateri (UN3480/UN3090, nta mategeko akaze ku gutwara ibintu mu nyanja), ifu nini/amazi (ibiro by'agasanduku kamwe bifite uburemere > 25kg), amabwiriza adakenewe byihutirwa.

Inyungu z'ingenzi: Igiciro gito, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwinshi, amabwiriza yoroshye ku bicuruzwa biteje akaga (kubahiriza amategeko ya IMDG birahagije).

Ibisabwa mu guhitamo: Ibisabwa mu kigo cy’ubwikorezi: Isosiyete y’ubwikorezi ifite "ibisabwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga" igomba gutoranywa (nka Maersk, COSCO Shipping), byemeza ko isosiyete y’ubwikorezi ishobora gucunga ibicuruzwa bifite inomero ya UN ijyanye nayo (urugero, amwe mu masosiyete y’ubwikorezi adakora ibintu bishobora gushya bya UN1263).

Guhitamo inzira zo kohereza: Irinde inzira zifite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje (nk'inzira yo ku Nyanja Itukura mu mpeshyi) kugira ngo wirinde ko bateri zigenda zihagarara cyangwa ngo ziyongere amazi. Ku isoko ry'i Burayi, tekereza ku murongo wa DDP (Delivered by Delivery) uhuza imizigo yo mu mazi, imisoro ya gasutamo, n'itangwa ryayo kugira ngo ugabanye intambwe zo hagati.

INGINGO Z'INGENZI: Imizigo yo mu mazi ifite igihe kirekire cyo kuyitwara (iminsi 20-40), isaba guteganya ububiko mbere y'igihe. Mu gihe cyo gushyira ibicuruzwa mu bikoresho, ibikoresho bya bateri bigomba kubikwa kure y'aho ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho bishobora gushya. Ibikoresho by'ifu/amazi bigomba gushyirwa ku bisenge byo hejuru by'ibikoresho kugira ngo hirindwe ko byashyirwamo igitutu gikomeye.

2. Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere: Bukwiriye ibicuruzwa byihutirwa, byoroheje, bifite ingaruka nkeya cyangwa ziciriritse.

Ibintu Bishoboka: Ibikoresho bifite bateri zubatswemo (UN3481/UN3091), ifu nto/amazi apfunyitse (ibiro by'agasanduku kamwe

Inyungu z'ingenzi: Igihe cyihuse cyo gutwara ibintu (iminsi 3-7), inzira yoroshye yo kubikuza kuri gasutamo, ikwiriye ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo:

Ibisabwa ku ndege: Hitamo ikigo cy’indege cyemewe na IATA (nka Emirates cyangwa FedEx) hanyuma wemeze ko ikigo cy’indege gishobora gukora icyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa bijyana nacyo (urugero, amwe mu masosiyete y’indege ntiyemera ibicuruzwa byigenga bya bateri ya lithium).

Igenzura ry’ibipaki: Ibipaki byo mu kirere bifite ibisabwa bikomeye byo gupakira (urugero, ubushobozi bwo gupakira ibintu mu mazi ≤ 1L). Isosiyete y’indege igomba gusuzuma ingero z’ibipaki mbere y’igihe kugira ngo hirindwe kwangwa kwinjira.

Ingingo z'ingenzi: Gutwara ibintu mu kirere bifite amategeko menshi ku bicuruzwa biteje akaga (urugero, ibinyobwa bishobora gushya bya UN1263 bisaba "Uruhushya rwo gutwara ibintu mu kirere" rw'inyongera), bityo kubahiriza amategeko bigomba kwemezwa mbere y'igihe; ibiciro byo gutwara ibintu mu kirere biri hejuru, bityo hagomba kuba hari uburinganire hagati y'igihe n'ikiguzi.

3. Gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwihuse: Bikwiriye ingero, uduce duto, n'ibicuruzwa bikoresha igihe.

Ibintu bikurikizwa: Ingero z'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe (urugero: ifu, ingero z'amazi), ibicuruzwa bito bigurishwa mu maduka (urugero: icupa rimwe ry'amavuta, amashanyarazi rimwe), n'ibicuruzwa bikenewe mu gihe gito cyane (iminsi 1-3).

Ibyiza by'ingenzi: Serivisi yo ku nzu n'inzu, serivisi nziza yo gusohora ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo, no gukurikirana neza ibicuruzwa.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo:
Ibisabwa na Kompanyi y’Itumanaho: Hitamo kompanyi y’itumanaho ifite impamyabumenyi zidasanzwe zo gutwara ibicuruzwa (nka DHL cyangwa FedEx) kandi wemeze ubushobozi bwayo bwo gucunga ibicuruzwa bifite inomero ya UN ijyanye nayo (urugero, DHL ishobora gucunga ibikoresho bya UN3481 bifite bateri zubatswemo).

Ubufasha mu Imenyekanisha: Hitamo ikigo cy’itumanaho gishobora gutanga ubuyobozi mu imenyekanisha kugira ngo hirindwe ko imizigo ifungwa bitewe n’imenyekanisha ritari ryiza (urugero, ubufasha mu kuzuza imenyekanisha rya MSDS n’imenyekanisha ry’ibicuruzwa bitari akaga).

Icyitonderwa: Ibigo by’abatwara ibicuruzwa bifite amabwiriza akomeye yo gupima uburemere n’ingano y’ibicuruzwa (uburemere bw’agasanduku kamwe

4. Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo guhitamo abafatanyabikorwa: Ibipimo 3 by'ingenzi

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko: Kuba ufite uruhushya rwo gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga (nk'uruhushya rwo gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga mu Bushinwa "Road Dangerous Goods Transportation Permit" cyangwa icyemezo mpuzamahanga cya IMDG/IATA) kandi ukaba ushobora gutanga inyandiko yuzuye yo kubahiriza amategeko (urugero, ubufasha mu kubona ibyemezo byo gutwara ibintu n'inyandiko zo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo).

Ubunararibonye mu ngiro: Ubunararibonye buriho mu gutwara ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa bireba (urugero, gutwara bateri za lithium mu mazi, gutwara ibintu mu kirere mu mazi), no kumenya amategeko agenga gasutamo mu gihugu (urugero, ibisabwa na FDA muri Amerika ku bintu bikoreshwa mu kwisiga, amabwiriza agenga EU REACH ku bikoresho by'ifu).

Ubushobozi bwo Kugenzura Ingaruka: Ushobora gutanga serivisi zo gukurikirana ibikoresho kuva ku ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo, hamwe na gahunda z’ibyangombwa (urugero, gufasha mu kongera inyandiko no guhuza irekurwa rya gasutamo nyuma yo gufatirwa ibicuruzwa), no gushobora kugura ubwishingizi bw’imizigo (kwishyura ibyago byo gufungwa, kwangirika, no gutakaza).

IV. Kugabanya ibyago no gucunga ibiza: Kurinda "Inzitizi ya Nyuma" ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga

Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa byihariye mu mahanga, ingaruka ziba mu nzira yose. Ni ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugenzura ingaruka mbere y’igihe no gushyiraho neza gahunda z’impanuka kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo.

1. Ingaruka zisanzwe n'uburyo bwo kuzigabanya
Ingaruka zo Gufungwa: Ishingiro ry'igabanuka ry'ibicuruzwa ni "itangazo ryujuje ibisabwa + inyandiko zuzuye." Emeza ibisabwa byihariye by'igihugu kigiye kujyamo mbere y'igihe (urugero, amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa by'amazi ku isoko ryo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa bya bateri ku isoko ryo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya), kandi urebe neza ko nta guhisha cyangwa gusiba; hitamo abafatanyabikorwa mu by'ubwikorezi bazi ibijyanye no kwemererwa kwa gasutamo mu gihugu kigiye kujyamo kugira ngo wirinde gufungwa kubera uburambe buke bwo kwemererwa kwa gasutamo.

Ingaruka zo kwangirika/gusohoka: Ishingiro ry'uburyo bwo kugabanya ni "gupakira byujuje ibisabwa + gupakira bisanzwe." Shyira cyane ku mahame agenga gupakira ajyanye n'umubare wa UN, kandi ntugakoreshe ibikoresho byo gupakira bike. Mu gihe upakira ibicuruzwa, kurikiza ihame rya "imizigo iremereye idakanda ku mizigo yoroheje, ibinyobwa bidakanda ku ifu, na bateri zishyizwe ukwazo" kugira ngo wirinde kugongana no gukanda mu gihe cyo kubitwara.

Ingaruka zo gutinda: Ishingiro ry'igabanuka ry'ibicuruzwa ni "gutegura mbere y'igihe + guhitamo inzira zihamye." Irinde iminsi mikuru yo kujya mu gihugu n'ibihe byo kugenzura gasutamo (nk'amezi 1-2 mbere ya Noheli mu Burayi na Amerika); hitamo inzira zijyanye n'ibicuruzwa zifite inzira zihamye kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibicuruzwa, kandi ureke icyumweru 1-2 cy'igihe cyo kuzigama mbere y'igihe.

2. Gahunda yo Gukemura Ibibazo byihutirwa
Gufunga imizigo: Vugana ako kanya n'abafatanyabikorwa mu by'ubwikorezi kugira ngo wemeze impamvu yo gufungwa (urugero: inyandiko zabuze, amatangazo adahuye, ibibazo by'imiterere); niba ari ikibazo cy'inyandiko zabuze, uzuza inyandiko zijyanye na zo vuba bishoboka (urugero: kongera gutanga MSDS, icyemezo cyo gutwara); niba ari ikibazo cy'imiterere, tanga raporo y'isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa ivuye ku kigo cya gatatu kugira ngo wemeze ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa; nibiba ngombwa, shinga umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo kugira ngo agufashe mu itumanaho.

Kwangirika/Gusohoka kw'ibicuruzwa: Fata amafoto ako kanya kugira ngo ubike ibimenyetso hanyuma uhamagare ikigo cy'ubwishingizi kugira ngo utange ikirego (ubwishingizi bw'imizigo bugomba kugurwa mbere y'igihe); niba amazi yanduye ibindi bicuruzwa, fatanya na ikigo gishinzwe gutwara ibintu kugira ngo ukemure ikibazo kandi wirinde ibindi bihombo; hanyuma ukoreshe uburyo bwo gupakira neza (urugero, ongeramo ibikoresho byo gupfunyika, koresha ibikoresho bikomeye).

Guhagarika ubwikorezi: Niba ubwikorezi buhagaze bitewe n'impinduka mu mategeko agenga indege/ibigo by'ubwikorezi, hindura vuba uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu (urugero: hindura uva mu gutwara ibintu mu mazi ujya mu ndege, uva mu gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwa "speed" ujya mu murongo wabugenewe); vugana n'abafatanyabikorwa mu by'ubwikorezi kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigere aho bigomba kugera mu gihe cyagenwe kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka ku itangwa ry'ibicuruzwa.

Incamake: Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa byihariye mu mahanga, kubahiriza amategeko n'ubunyamwuga ni byo bintu by'ingenzi mu guhangana.

Kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa birimo bateri, ifu, n'ibintu bivanze mu mutekano ni ikizamini kibiri cy' "ibisobanuro by'amategeko + umutungo w'umwuga" - gupakira bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga, inyandiko zigomba kuba zuzuye kandi zuzuye, kandi gutwara bigomba kuba bikwiriye imiterere y'ibicuruzwa; intambwe yose igomba kuba yitondewe. Ku bagurisha bo mu bihugu bihana imbibi, aho kwibwira ibintu ubwabo, ni byiza guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa w'ibicuruzwa ufite impamyabumenyi zihariye zo gutwara ibicuruzwa kandi uzi amategeko mpuzamahanga, akoresheje ubushobozi bwabo bw'umwuga mu gukemura ibibazo byo kubahiriza amategeko no kugabanya ibyago byo gutwara.