Ungamthola kanjani i-ejenti yakho yokuthenga engcono kakhulu?

Ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zansuku zonke, abathengi abaningi bavame ukukhononda ngokuthi ama-ejenti banezimo zengqondo ezimbi, bangabanaki lapho beshaya ucingo, futhi bathole ukugxekwa lapho becela amasampula. Ukubhekana nabo akuyona into ababeyicabanga. Ingabe ikhona imfihlo? Njengomhlinzeki, cishe wonke umuntu unalolu lwazi. Amakhasimende amaningi ayashaya ucingo bese eqala ngokucela amanani nokuqhathanisa amanani. Bese kushiwo ukuthi intengo ye-XXX ingcono…. Abahlinzeki bavame ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo lapho bezwa lokhu. Ngoba, ngengozi, umkhawulo wakho uphumile. Ngeke ube yikhasimende elihle kubo. Okukhathalelayo intengo kunomkhiqizo. Uma ufuna ukwenza ibhizinisi nawe esikhathini esizayo, uzofika uma intengo iphansi namuhla, futhi uzohamba uma intengo iphezulu kusasa. Abahlinzeki bathanda ikhasimende elizinzile (inani aliyona into ebaluleke kakhulu) kunokuba yikhasimende elizulazulayo. Amanye amakhasimende acabanga ukuthi izidingo zawo zikhulu futhi zikhanga ngokwanele kuma-ejenti. Kodwa wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uma inani likhulu, kuba nzima kakhulu. Uma ikhasimende lingakhulumi nge-oda, kuzoba nokusilela okukhulu; uma ukulethwa kungafiki ngesikhathi, kuzoba yizikhalazo zamakhasimende nezikhalazo. Isimo sezulu singaba bushelelezi kangaki? Yeka inkinga.

Laba makhasimende bavame ukuba sohlwini olumnyama lomkhiqizi wokuqala. Ngisho noma bethola ikhasimende elinjalo, ama-ejenti ngeke alokothe ​​abhalise futhi afake ama-oda kumkhiqizi wokuqala kalula, ngoba umenzi wokuqala uvame ukubatshela ukuthi bebe ngamakhasimende e-XX isikhathi eside. Akudingeki ushaye phansi. Yeka ukuthi akunamahloni kangakanani! Ezinye izingxenye ezijwayelekile zinga-odwa ngaphandle kokubhalisa kumkhiqizi wokuqala. Akukhona ukuthi abanamanani amahle, kungenxa yokuthi awuyena lowo abambheka njengekhasimende elihle, futhi abalokothi bakunike amanani amahle ngoba abanalo ukuqondana okuthule nawe. Uma usebenzisa intengo yakhe ukucindezela amanye ama-ejenti futhi wazise umenzi wokuqala ngakho, uzoba senkingeni enkulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ukhetha imikhiqizo ye-R&D futhi uthola i-ejenti, kufanele uqale wethule isimo esiyisisekelo bese ucela i-FAE yabo ukuthi ikuncomele umkhiqizo ohambisanayo. Ukuthengisa kuzokunikeza intengo yokubhekisela (uzinqumela wena, futhi ngemva kokufaka isaphulelo, kuzoba yintengo yezindleko ozoyithola esikhathini esizayo). Bese ulandela izinyathelo zokubacela ukuthi banikeze noma bathenge amasampula kubo. Uma uthenga, kufanele futhi wethule isimo sakho kuqala. Uma usebenzise imikhiqizo yokuqala, kumelwe ukuthi "ubhalisiwe". Ngakho-ke kufanele uqale uxoxe nabo ngamathuba okuba yikhasimende labo. Uma kucacile kusengaphambili, kufanele babe nezindlela eziningi zokudlula. Uma kungenzeka, sizoxoxa ngokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo (hhayi okugxilwe kukho, ngoba ikhwalithi iqinisekiswa kakhulu ngumkhiqizi wokuqala), isitokwe kanye nokulethwa, futhi ekugcineni intengo.

Lesi isiqalo esinengqondo, ukuze i-ejenti ikuqonde, ikunike igugu, futhi ingene ezingxoxweni ezengeziwe. Ukuqonda amandla e-ejenti okugcina impahla kanye nokuphakelwa kufanele kube yinto eza kuqala. I-ejenti ngayinye inenqubomgomo yayo yebhizinisi kanye nokugxila komkhiqizo. Ingabe izidingo zekhasimende kanye nezinto eziza kuqala kuzo ziyahambisana? Lokhu kubalulekile. I-ejensi enkulu inebhizinisi elikhulu, kodwa lokho enakho kungase kungabi yilokho okufunayo. Kukhona nekhono le-ejenti lokuthola izimpahla, ikakhulukazi lapho ukunikezwa kwezimpahla kunganele. Ukubeka i-oda kusenesikhathi kungase kungasho ukuthola izimpahla kusenesikhathi, konke kuncike emandleni ayo efektri yokuqala. Ngikholwa ukuthi amakhasimende amaningi aseke akuzwa lokhu kunambitheka. Uma ukunikezwa nokulethwa kuqinisekisiwe, into yokugcina intengo. Isizathu sokuthi intengo ixoxwe ekugcineni akusikho ukuthi intengo ayibalulekile, kodwa ngoba ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sangaphambilini, intengo amanzi angenawo umthombo kanye nomuthi ongenazimpande. Iyini injongo yokuba nentengo enhle? Ibhizinisi lezingxenye ngokuvamile aliyona into eyenzeka kanye kuphela, futhi ikusasa lide. Intengo ingancipha kancane kancane esikhathini esizayo Ukwehla Kwezindleko, ngakho kungani ukhathazeka? (Indlela Yokwehlisa Izindleko izoxoxwa kamuva)

Ngakho-ke, umbono wami: Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthengeni kwamakhasimende yikhwalithi, kulandelwe ukulethwa, bese kuthi ekugcineni kube nentengo. Lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo evela kumikhiqizo edumile, okokuqala, ikhwalithi iyaqinisekiswa. Ngisho noma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngezikhathi ezithile, kuhlale kunencazelo futhi asikho isidingo sokuba othile athwale umthwalo wemfanelo. Ukulethwa ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukulethwa kusenesikhathi kuthinta ukuhlolwa kwempahla; ukulethwa sekwephuzile kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuthengiswa. Intengo yinto yokugcina okuxoxwa ngayo. Uma kunezinkinga ngekhwalithi noma ukulethwa, umphathi ngeke aqonde: ngoba intengo inhle, lokhu kuyathethelelwa! Okuphambene nalokho ukuthi: Ubani okwenze ukuthi uthenge lesi sivumelwano esiphansi, esithinte ikhwalithi, ukukhiqizwa kanye nemakethe yomkhiqizo?

Uma ufuna umlingani, indlela umthengi onolwazi okufanele akhathalele ngayo umkhiqizo kufanele ibe yile: ikhwalithi, ukulethwa kanye nentengo. Uyaqonda ukuthi intengo akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma ikhwalithi ingabazeka futhi ukulethwa kungabonakali, kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwentengo engcono kakhulu? Ngisho noma kungekho nkinga ngekhwalithi, kuyini injongo yokulungiselela isitokwe esiningi ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo? Izimali zokuqashwa kwenhloko-dolobha ezikhuphukile kanye nezimali zokuphatha kungenzeka ukuthi sezivele ziqede lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "intengo enhle". Uma kukhona ushintsho ekukhiqizeni, uma lusetshenziswa kancane noma lungasasetshenziswa, inzuzo izodlula ukulahlekelwa! Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungaba ikhasimende le-ejenti, kufanele uqale ucabangele isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Vele, uma ungumkhiqizo ophezulu, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngalezi zinkinga. Inkinga yokulethwa ibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwamanye ama-chip amakhulu, avame ukungabi nalutho oluthatha indawo yomkhiqizo wesibili. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, kuyindaba yokuphila nokufa kokuthengwa. Ifektri yokuqala ivame ukungaxazululi le nkinga. Ukulethwa kuvame ukuba amasonto ayi-8 noma amasonto ayi-12, futhi isitokwe siphathwa ama-ejenti. Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphakelwa sekuyinkinga kuma-ejenti.

Okwamanje, okudingeka kuhlolwe isisekelo samakhasimende e-ejenti hhayi amandla ezezimali, okubhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba ngisho ne-ejenti enamandla ezezimali ngeke ilungiselele ikhasimende elilodwa uhlu olukhulu. Amakhasimende kufanele akhathazeke ngemikhiqizo eyinhloko yale ejenti. Uma imikhiqizo ekhuthazwa futhi ithengiswa yileli ejenti kakhulu iyilokho kanye okudingayo, khona-ke ingumhlinzeki wakho ofanele kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi banesisekelo samakhasimende esifanayo, bavame ukuba namakhono okusekela ubuchwepheshe aqinile kule ndawo, futhi bavame ukukunikeza i-Total Solution ngokungalindelekile lapho uthuthukisa umkhiqizo. I-FAE yabo idlala ngala ma-chips usuku lonke. Bayazi zonke izinkinga amakhasimende avame ukuhlangana nazo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqiza umkhiqizo. Uma uphelelwe yithemba, bavame ukuxazulula izidingo zakho eziphuthumayo. Ngenxa yokuthi banesisekelo samakhasimende esifanayo, ama-ejenti angacela izimpahla ezengeziwe efektri yokuqala futhi abe namandla amakhulu okuxoxisana. Bavame ukuthola intengo engcono kakhulu efektri yokuqala, okudala izimo zamakhasimende zokulwela amanani abo amahle. Ngenxa yokuthi kunesisekelo samakhasimende esinjalo, lapho umenzi wokuqala eqala umkhiqizo omusha, kumele abe yinto yokuqala abacabanga ngayo. Ngokuncika emakhonweni abo okusekela ubuchwepheshe kanye namakhono okuthengisa, imikhiqizo emisha ilethwa kumakhasimende abo kuqala. Ngale ndlela umkhiqizo wakho omusha ungase ube phambili ngesinyathelo esisodwa kunabancintisani bakho.

Okwesine, ngoba unesisekelo samakhasimende esifanayo, uzolungiselela ngokwemvelo isitokwe esiningi. Ukufika kwamakhasimende amasha kuzomenza abe nesibindi sokulungiselela isitokwe esanele. Ukulethwa kwakho ngokwemvelo kuqinisekisiwe kakhulu. Okwesihlanu, ngoba unesisekelo samakhasimende esifanayo, kulula kakhulu ukushintsha i-oda lakho. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-ejenti ngokuvamile ngeke akhathazeke ngokwanda, ukwehla noma ngisho nokukhanselwa kwama-oda akho (kodwa ama-ejenti azokhathazeka kakhulu ngawe uma usune-oda.). Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungacabangi ukuthi ungakhansela i-oda ngocingo olulodwa nje ngaphandle kokukhokha. Akukho ongakwenza ngakho. Uma kungasebenzi, ngizothola omunye i-ejenti. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela inemiphumela engapheli! Kunabathengisi abambalwa kuphela be-chip yakho eyinhloko. Uma udumile, umenzi wokuqala nabathengisi bazokunikeza ukunaka okukhethekile. Ngisho noma uhamba ne-oda, amanye ama-ejenti angase angakubingeleli ngokumomotheka, ngoba uma ungaqaphile, uzobambela umgodi. Izinguquko zemakethe zivame ukuba nzima ukuziqonda, ikakhulukazi uma ikhasimende lingakabi umholi kule makethe. Ngemva kokuthola i-oda namuhla, ngisebenze kanzima uku-oda, ukucela nokujaha izimpahla. Kusasa i-oda lekhasimende liyakhanselwa futhi ucabanga ukukhansela i-oda noma ngisho nokulibuyisela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuthenga kuhlale kucatshangelwa ukwengeza nokukhansela ama-oda, futhi kuqhutshekwe phambili futhi kuhoxiswe ngokukhululeka.

Njengoba ikhwalithi nokulethwa kuqinisekisiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngentengo. Intengo ibucayi kakhulu, futhi singaxoxisana ngentengo kuphela uma konke sekuqediwe. Intengo yama-chip ajwayelekile isezandleni zama-ejenti. Amanani amanye ama-chip ayisihluthulelo avame ukuba sezandleni zabakhiqizi bokuqala, abazonikeza amanani ahlukene ngama-ejenti ngokwezimo zamakhasimende ezahlukene. Ungayithola kanjani intengo enhle kumkhiqizi wokuqala noma i-ejenti? Uma ungumholi embonini, ungathembela emkhiqizweni wakho kanye nesikhundla sakho semakethe ukuze uthole intengo oyilindele. Uma ungomunye walabo bantu, ungakhathazeki. Ngokuvamile, ama-chip amabili noma ngaphezulu anophawu asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo. Noma yiliphi elinentengo engcono, sebenzisa eningi, kanti elinentengo ephansi, sebenzisa encane. Leli yikhadi le-trump esandleni sakho. Abakhiqizi bokuqala nama-ejenti bakhathazekile kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lwe-Share. Akunandaba ukuthi amakhasimende ayayisebenzisa kancane, kodwa akulungile neze ukuyisebenzisa nabancintisana nabo! Ukuze uqinisekise futhi uthuthukise i-Share enjalo, bazokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho. Haha, intengo kulula ukuyixoxisana ngokwemvelo. Uma uyinkampani yokuklama (owenza amapulani noma athengisa amapulani), inani lakho lokuthenga ngqo lingase lingabi likhulu, kodwa ithonya lakho lemakethe kanye namandla okukhushulwa akunakuthathwa kalula. Ikhadi lakho elibalulekile ukuthi uma unginika intengo enhle, ngizoklama i-chip yakho ibe yisisombululo sami. Uma ingekho intengo enhle, ngizothola enye inkampani. Uma unezinsiza zokuphatha embonini, vele ungazisebenzisa ngokugcwele.

Uma ungelutho futhi ungenalutho, khona-ke kufanele ube nengxoxo enhle ne-ejenti. Ake sibone ukuthi i-ejenti ingashintsha yini isimo ngobuqili futhi ikwenze umuntu ocebile? Sizokunikeza izimpahla ezisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ezivela kumakhasimende amakhulu. Vele, lokhu akuyona into esingakhuluma ngayo ngokunganaki. Kufanele silinde kuze kuphume amanzi.

Uma ufuna umlingani, uma emuhle kakhulu, ofaneleka kakhulu uba ngcono kakhulu ngemva kokucatshangelwa kabanzi. Kunjalo nangokuthola abahlinzeki.

Ama-ejenti aseNiu Lapho ngiphinda ngishaya ucingo, ngaphendula ngokungenasineke. Ngemva kokusho amazwi ambalwa ngokushesha, ngavala ucingo futhi. Kwakumnandi ngempela! Ngizokunika ibhizinisi kodwa ngingabe ngisakhathalela. Haha, awukwazi ukusho lokho. Yonke imindeni inezisho ezinzima ukuziphinda. Abantu abathengayo bangase bangaqapheli ukuthi lokhu kuyingcindezi yama-ejenti okuthengisa. Ake ngibone ukuthi ukuqonda kwami ​​​​kungachaza yini isizathu? Kufanele kube yini umgomo wokuthengisa kumthengisi e-ejensi? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto umphathi ayishaye ekhanda, kodwa angicabangi kanjalo. Inani elibalulekile lezinkomba zokuthengisa linqunywa yizimfanelo ezingokwemvelo zenkampani uqobo. Ngemuva kokuthengisa kukhona i-FAE, i-logistics, abasebenzi, i-logistics, umphathi; ihhovisi, i-warehouse; ukumaketha kanye nokuhamba. Sijwayele ukuhlukanisa izindleko abazitholayo njengezindleko zokuthengisa. Uhlobo luni lwenkampani kanye nohlobo luni lwesu lokuthengisa elilisebenzisayo oluzoba nezindleko zokuthengisa ezihambisanayo. Uma luhlanganiswe nomkhawulo wenzuzo yokuthengisa, lunquma inani elincane lokuthengisa elidingekayo yinkampani. Ukuthengisa okuhlukaniswe ngqo yizinhloso zokuthengisa eziyisisekelo zenkampani.

Uma sibheka imali engenayo yokusebenza kanye nenani labasebenzi balezi zinkampani, wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi ababona ama-ejenti amancane. Kulezi zinkampani ezinkulu ze-ejensi, unjiniyela wokuthengisa ngqo udinga imali engenayo yonyaka engaba yizigidi ezi-4 zamaRandi aseMelika. Uma intela yenani elingeziwe ibalwa, umthamo wokuthengisa we-RMB odingekayo ungaba yizigidi ezingama-30 zama-yuan. Lokho kusho ukuthi udinga izigidi ezi-3 zokuthengisa ngenyanga. Umsebenzi wansuku zonke womthengisi ojwayelekile uhlanganisa: ukuthola ama-imeyili amaningi, futhi amaningi awo adinga ukuphendulwa. Ngokuvamile u-2/3 ungaphakathi kwenkampani kanti u-1/3 uvela kumakhasimende. Kunemihlangano eminingana yangaphakathi yenkampani njalo ngeviki; ukukhushulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha nezixazululo ezintsha (ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo emisha, ngeke kube nokuthengiswa kwesikhathi esizayo); ukubika umsebenzi wakamuva efektri yokuqala; ukuvakashela amakhasimende avamile, ukuthola ama-oda, nokubeka ama-oda nabaphakeli ngemuva kokufingqa. Ukulungiswa (ukukhansela noma ukwengeza), ukusheshisa, ukuthunyelwa, ukubuyiselwa kwenkokhelo, njll. Ngale ndlela, umuntu wezokuthengisa angaba nesikhathi esingakanani sokubhekana nekhasimende elisha nsuku zonke? Sicela niqondane, nabo bakhathele usuku lonke. Bayazi kahle kakhulu: Ukuthengisa ngakunye kuncike kakhulu kumakhasimende amakhulu amabili noma amathathu ukuze kufezwe umgomo. Eqinisweni, ama-ejenti ayazi nokuthi u-10% noma ngisho no-5% wamakhasimende enkampani asefeze u-90% noma ngaphezulu kwemigomo yenkampani. Amakhasimende amaningi empeleni awanamandla.

Umsebenzi onzima wokuthengisa yisona sizathu esiyinhloko, futhi kuyisizathu esiqondile. Yiqiniso, kunezizathu ezizimele. Abanye abathengisi banombono ongemuhle ngemva kokusebenza iminyaka eminingana, ngoba inkampani inkulu ngoba inkulu, futhi bacabanga ukuthi inkampani inamandla ngoba inamandla. Haha, uma ungakwenza lokhu uma uqala inkampani yakho, lokho kungaba kuhle kakhulu! Lena enye inkolelo-mbono. Ikhasimende kanye ne-ejenti baxhumana ngocingo, futhi ngaphambi kokuba bazi, i-ejenti yokuthengisa yayisiqedile ukuhlola ikhasimende lesikhathi esizayo. Uma ungenasithakazelo esikhulu, ngokwemvelo uzothola indlela yokubhekana nakho. Njengoba i-ejenti ingenasithakazelo esikhulu, asikho isidingo sokuba ikhasimende lifake isicelo ngokungenamahloni. "Uma ungeyena ikhasimende elikhulu, kungani ungaxhumani nabo?" Ngicabanga ukuthi kunjalo. Amakhasimende kanye nama-ejenti kufanele nabo bafanelane. I-ejenti ayisho ukuthi inezimpahla ozifunayo, futhi ayisho ukuthi izokuthengisela zona uma isinezimpahla. Ungacabangi ukuthi inkampani enkulu isho izimpahla ezengeziwe. Le nkampani inkulu, futhi okubalulekile ubuningi kunezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo. Akekho umenzeli ongathanda ukuvula isitolo semithi yaseShayina esithengisa konke. Lokho kuyindaba "yabathengisi bekhathalogi." Bonke ama-ejenti banethemba lokuthengisela amakhasimende amakhulu naningi anezinhlobo ezigxile kakhulu. Abathengisi abavamile sebekujwayele, ngakho-ke mababonise amakhono akhethekile.

Iyini i-semiconductor? Uma usebenzisana nama-ejenti, kuzodingeka uxoxisane ngentengo ekugcineni. Ngaphambi kokuxoxisana ngentengo, ungase ufunde kabanzi ngokuthi iyini i-semiconductor. Kuzoba usizo lapho kuxoxiswana ngentengo! Iyini i-semiconductor? Othisha esikoleni samabanga aphakathi basifundise ukuthi "into (noma izinto) phakathi komqhubi kanye ne-insulator iyi-semiconductor. Ngokwesimo sabantu abavamile, i-voltage isetshenziswa kuzo zombili iziphetho zento. Uma kukhona ugesi ogeleza phakathi, uyi-conductor, futhi uma kungekho ugesi ogeleza kuwo, uyi-insulator. . Ophakathi kwalaba ababili yi-semiconductor. Siyazi ukuthi ophakathi kobude nobude uyi-medium, kanti ophakathi kokushisa nokubanda ngamanzi afudumele. Kodwa yini ophakathi kogesi kanye nogesi ongekho? ? Akucaci kahle! Uma ukhona, ukhona, futhi uma ungekho, awukho! Manje njengoba sekukhona igebe, ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi ama-semiconductor ayeyimfihlakalo kakhulu. Mhlawumbe uthisha wayecabanga ukuthi ulwazi lwethu oluyisisekelo lwalunganele ngaleso sikhathi, noma okunye. Nganqikaza futhi angizange nginikeze incazelo. Lapho ngingena eyunivesithi, uthisha akazange asho. Mhlawumbe ngangicabanga ukuthi lo mbuzo ulula kakhulu. Ngangifuna ukuwubuza ekilasini, kodwa ngangesaba ukuthi umbuzo ngabe ngingumntwana kakhulu futhi bengizohlekwa. Uthisha ekilasini wayengekho ndawo, ngakho inkinga yahlala ikhona.

Ngemva kokusebenza iminyaka eminingana, ngolunye usuku ubuchopho bami bangikhanyisela ngokuzumayo. Yeka, ngikhohlisiwe! Empeleni akukho mqhubi "ongaphelele" emhlabeni. Eqinisweni, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-semiconductor" nakho kuyi-conductor. Uma ungakukholwa, zama ukufaka i-voltage kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zengxenye ye-silicon ye-monocrystalline noma i-polycrystalline silicon. Kusazoba khona ugesi ogeleza phakathi nendawo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile awukho Phakathi kwalokhu okubili, kukhona okuthile lapho futhi akukho lutho lapho. Eqinisweni, izici zangempela zale nto ziboniswa lapho ubuso bazo buphathwa: ubuso obunye "bukhipha" ama-electron athile bese bushiya "izimbobo" ezithile ukuze kuboniswe i-polarity enhle (enhle), kanti obunye ubuso bufaka ama-electron athile ukuze bube buhle. Ine-polarity engemihle, bese kuthi izindawo ezimbili eziphathwayo zixhumene eduze ukuze zakhe "i-junction", okuyi-junction ebizwa ngokuthi i-PN. Leli findo lihle kakhulu futhi libonisa ubuntu balo obuhlukile. Lapho i-voltage enhle isetshenziswa kule junction, ukumelana kwayo kuncane kakhulu futhi kubonakala sengathi iyi-conductor enhle; uma kusetshenziswa i-voltage engemihle, ukumelana kwayo kukhulu kakhulu futhi kubonakala sengathi "iyi-insulator". Kungenzeka ukuthi yingakho igama elithi "semiconductor" livela. Isiqondiso sangaphambili siyi-conductor, kanti isiqondiso esiphambene naso sibonakala siyi-insulator. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici zamanje kanye ne-voltage azisahambisani nomthetho we-Ohm kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-voltage enhle noma i-voltage engemihle. Inani layo lokumelana alisekho inani elihlala njalo, kodwa liyashintsha ngokushintsha kwamandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage. Ukwengeza izintambo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zalo yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-diode.

Ukuhlukanisa izici zale junction kuholela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-diode. Lezo ezisebenzisa izici zokuya phambili zifaka phakathi ama-diode okulungisa, ama-diode okubhekisela, ama-diode okushintshana, ama-diode okunciphisa ukukhanya, ama-diode e-Schottky, ama-diode azwela ukukhanya, njll. Yiqiniso, ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezifashini yi-It's a light-emitting diode (LED). Ezivame kakhulu ezisebenzisa izici ezibuyela emuva yi-zener diodes, ama-diode okuzihlukanisa (ukuvikela), njll. Uma le junction yenziwe yaba ncane, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-diode yesignali encane", futhi uma yenziwe yaba nkulu, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-diode yamandla". Xhuma amafindo amabili kusukela ekugcineni kuya ekugcineni noma kusukela phansi kuya phansi, bese uxhuma ucingo ekuxhumekeni ukuze lube yi-triode. Qaphela: Uma ikhanda nephini kuxhunyiwe, akusho lutho, kungama-diode amabili nje axhunywe ochungechungeni. Izici zama-transistor ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukuhlanganisa la ma-diode, ama-transistor, njll. ngokwezidingo ezahlukene kuyisekethe ehlanganisiwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi: IC. Ekuqaleni, ososayensi baseMelika abasungula i-semiconductor empeleni basebenzise le ndlela elabhorethri. Enye yenziwa yaba yindawo eyisicaba, kanti enye yenziwe yaba yisimo se-probe futhi yacindezelwa ngokuqinile ebusweni bomunye ukuze kwakhiwe i-PN junction. Ukukhiqizwa okulandelayo ngemuva kwezimboni akuzange kusebenzise le ndlela nhlobo. Ukuthola nje ucezu lwensimbi olunokwelashwa kwendawo nokuzixhumanisa ndawonye ngeke kudale lesi simo. Ngokufanayo, ipulasitiki nezinye izinto zokuvikela ngeke zisebenze, nezinye izinto ngeke zisebenze. Njengamanje kukholelwa ukuthi izinto ezintathu kuphela emhlabeni ezinale mpahla, i-silicon, i-germanium, kanye ne-compound ebizwa ngokuthi i-gallium arsenide. Lezi yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izinto ze-semiconductor. Phakathi kwazo, i-silicon iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba ukusebenza kwayo kuhambisana nezidingo zomhlaba wonke, futhi inqubo yokwenza imikhiqizo ngayo ilula futhi ibiza kancane. Kuze kube manje kukhona "i-Silicon Valley" kuphela kodwa hhayi "i-Germanium Valley" kanye "ne-Gallium Arsenide Valley". I-silicon ivelaphi? isihlabathi! Ngakho-ke imboni ye-semiconductor iguqula isihlabathi sibe yigolide ngokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, ngisenombuzo engingakawutholi. Impilo yemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor "i-semi-infinite". Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ngokwemfundiso, kuphakathi kokulinganiselwe nokungapheli, kodwa ubani owaziyo ukuthi yini ephakathi?

5. Izindleko ze-IC Uma sisebenzelana nama-ejenti, ukuxoxisana ngentengo akunakugwenywa ekugcineni. Manje njengoba sesiqonde ama-semiconductor, singase siqonde ukwakheka kwezindleko zemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor, okuzoba usizo lapho kuxoxiswana ngamanani! Ukukhiqizwa kwe-IC kuhlanganisa kakhulu: ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokucubungula. Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ukuklama imikhiqizo ehambisanayo ngokwezidingo zemakethe, kanti ukukhiqizwa kanye nokucubungula ukuguqula imikhiqizo eklanyelwe ibe yimikhiqizo yangempela. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokucubungula kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinqubo zangaphambili nangemuva. Okubizwa ngokuthi i-front-end ukukhiqiza ama-chip; okubizwa ngokuthi i-back-end ukupakisha, ukuhlola, kanye nokupakisha ama-chip abe yimikhiqizo yokugcina. Izindleko zokuthuthukisa zifaka: izindleko zokuthuthukisa inqubo kanye nezindleko zokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-IC kufana nokwenza ama-bun aphekiwe. Abanye abapheki bangochwepheshe ekwenzeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-bun anokugcwalisa okuhlukile, ukuma, osayizi, nemibala ngokuya ngokuthanda kwamakhasimende (isidingo semakethe). Abanye abapheki bapheka ama-bun aphekiwe kuphela, futhi baklama amazinga okushisa ahlukene, izikhathi, kanye namanani omusi ngokwezidingo zama-bun ahlukene ukuze benze ama-bun aphekiwe kahle. I-master yangaphambili ifana nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo we-IC, kanti i-master yokugcina ilingana nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-IC. Njengoba izinsizakalo zokwenziwa kwe-IC sezikhula ngokushesha, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kuvame ukwenziwa yilezi zinkampani zokwenziwa kwe-IC. Zithuthukisa ukugeleza kwenqubo okujwayelekile, ukuze izinkampani ze-IC zidinga ukugxila kuphela ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo.

Ngale ndlela, izindleko ezivamile zokuthuthukiswa nazo ziyizindleko zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo. Le ngxenye yezindleko kanye nezingozi zokutshalwa kwezimali ziphakeme kakhulu. Lezi zingozi zivame ukungaveli kubuchwepheshe ngokwalo kodwa emakethe, okungukuthi, ukuthi umkhiqizo owuthuthukisayo uyamukelwa yimakethe. Uma umkhiqizo othuthukisiwe wamukelwa yimakethe. Izindleko zokuthuthukiswa ezihlukaniswe ngokuthengiswa okuphelele zivame ukuba zincane. Kodwa uma zingamukelwa yimakethe, khona-ke lezi zimali zifana nokuphonswa emanzini. Kukhona into engavamile. Imikhiqizo esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuningi ingase ingathandwa ngamakhasimende, futhi leyo mikhiqizo eyamukelwa yimakethe ivame ukugxekwa ngobuchwepheshe ngabanye ochwepheshe. Izibonelo zalokhu zivamile. Izindleko zezinto zokwakha zakhiwa kakhulu yizindleko zokukhiqiza ama-chip kanye nezindleko zokupakisha. Ukucubungula ama-chip kufana kancane nama-buns okushisa. Uma amandla ewukufudumeza ama-buns angu-50 ngesikhathi, khona-ke noma ngabe ufudumeza i-bun eyodwa ngesikhathi noma ufudumeza ama-buns angu-50, izindleko ziyafana. Isihluthulelo ukuthi izindleko zokwehla kwenani lemishini ziwumsebenzi wesikhathi futhi azinalutho oluphathelene nomkhiqizo. Ukwehla kwenani lokukhiqiza amayunithi ayi-10,000 namayunithi ayi-100,000 ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyafana, kodwa isilinganiso sokuncishiswa kwentengo sihlukile ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Uma ezinye izici zilingana, izindleko zizohluka ngesilinganiso esingu-10. Isikhathi esivamile sokwehla kwenani semishini ye-IC siyiminyaka emi-4 (noma iminyaka emi-5), futhi izindleko zibiza kakhulu. Izindleko ze-IC zilingana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-IC enziwa kuma-wafer e-silicon. Ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo ye-silicon chip, lapho indawo encane ye-IC eyodwa, kulapho inani lama-IC aqukethwe ku-silicon chip likhula khona. Ama-wafer e-silicon anobukhulu obufanayo aklanywe ngobubanzi bemigqa ehlukene, futhi inani liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Izindleko zokucubungula ze-wafer ngayinye ye-silicon ziyafana. Uma inani likhulu, izindleko ze-IC ngayinye ziyancipha. Yingakho ububanzi bomugqa wama-IC buncipha kakhulu, futhi kubonakala sengathi akukho ukuphela okubonakalayo. Ukunciphisa izindleko kuyimbangela enamandla kakhulu yokushayela. Izindleko ze-IC ububanzi bomugqa. Ngokufanayo, uma ububanzi be-wafer ye-silicon bukhuphuka, indawo yayo iyanda ngokugqamile, inani lama-IC ku-wafer ye-silicon liyanda cishe ngokugqamile, futhi izinga lokudlula kwe-chip liyanda ngesikhathi esifanayo. Yingakho indawo yama-wafer e-silicon iqhubeke nokukhula eminyakeni edlule: amasentimitha angu-5, amasentimitha angu-6, amasentimitha angu-8, amasentimitha angu-12... Ukunciphisa izindleko ze-IC ukunciphisa usayizi wama-wafer e-silicon. Ukunciphisa usayizi wephakheji nakho kuyisinyathelo, esingagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zemikhiqizo kagesi ukuba mincane futhi ibe lula, kodwa futhi sinciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokupakisha, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi kagesi. Ngenxa yobuningi bokupakisha obukhulu, izindleko zokupakisha zibiza ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zomkhiqizo wonke. Phela, izinto ziyimali, futhi lezi akuzona izinto ezivamile.

Ukunciphisa ububanzi bomugqa kanye nevolumu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-IC edijithali. Ngenkathi kunciphisa usayizi nesisindo semikhiqizo kagesi, kwandisa futhi imvamisa yokusebenza kwesekethe futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Kodwa lokhu akunjalo ngama-IC kagesi. Uthole ukuthi ukuthembeka kwe-7805 yamanje akukuhle njengangaphambili? Yebo, ngaphandle kokuthi ugesi wayo omkhulu wokukhipha wehlile kusuka ku-1.5A yokuqala kuya ku-1A yamanje, umkhawulo wamandla wokuqala wokulawula kwangaphakathi usucishe ulahleke njengoba indawo ye-chip incipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukupakishwa kwayo kokuqala kwakuyi-TO-3 yensimbi yonke, futhi kamuva kwaba yipulasitiki + insimbi TO-220. Manje iningi lawo liyi-TO-220F yepulasitiki yonke, okunciphisa isisindo, usayizi, kanye nezindleko. Izohluleka ngokushesha uma isigcwele ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, uma usaklama imikhiqizo ngokwemikhuba yakho yokuqala, kuzoba lula ukubhekana nezinkinga. Cishe wonke amadivayisi kagesi, kufaka phakathi ama-IC, ama-transistors (ama-MOSFET, ama-transistors e-bipolar, ama-diode), njll., anezinkinga ezinjalo. Esikhathini esidlule, umenzi wakunikeza inkomba futhi washiya umkhawulo othile wayo. Manje ikunikeza inkomba yangempela. Akukho mkhawulo. Udinga ukugcina umkhawulo wena! Ngaphandle kwalokho ukhetha i-xxxxA, noma i-xxxxB engcono. Vele, amanani nawo anyukile. Igama elihle: ukuphayona kanye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha; igama elibi: ukusika amakhona!

6. Ukukhethwa Komkhiqizo Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuthenga kuyimbangela enkulu yokulawula izindleko kanye nokuxoxisana, kodwa angicabangi kanjalo. Eqinisweni, isisekelo sokulawula izindleko asikho ezandleni zomthengi. Uma i-BOM isezandleni zomthengi, isivele iphekiwe, futhi kuyinto eqinisekile. Ubuhlakani babathengi buyi-icing kuphela. Isihluthulelo sokulawulwa kwamanani sise-R&D. Uma udinga ukuthuthukisa noma ukuvuselela imikhiqizo, yimiphi imikhiqizo (izingxenye) okufanele uyikhethe futhi kubani? Inquma izindleko zemikhiqizo eqediwe yesikhathi esizayo. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukukhetha umkhiqizo kufanele kuzama ukuthembela emikhiqizweni enomthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza kanye namanani ancintisana ngokugcwele emakethe. Izimpahla zamandla, ama-microcontroller, ama-interface circuits, ngisho nama-relay, ama-sensor, njll. konke kungasetshenziswa njengereferensi, kufaka phakathi amathelevishini, amakhompyutha, amaphilisi, ama-air conditioner, ama-induction cooker, izilawuli ezikude, amabhayisikili kagesi, ama-vacuum cleaner, amamitha kagesi, amamitha amanzi, ama-router angenantambo, ama-computer monitors, amaphrinta kanye neminye imikhiqizo yedijithali njalo njalo. Yiziphi izingxenye abazisebenzisayo? Uma lezi zingxenye zingakwenza, kufanele uzikhethe ngaphandle kokungabaza. Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi le mikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngobuningi, ibucayi kakhulu emananini. Uma ukusebenza kwezindleko kungeyona ephezulu futhi ikhwalithi ingathembekile ngokwanele, ngeke isetshenziswe kabanzi. Kulesi simo, asikho isidingo sokuthi sithole enye indlela. Nakuba singase singakwazi ukuthola intengo efanayo kulaba bakhiqizi, izindleko eziphelele zalezi zinhlobo kumele zibe ezincintisana kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yobuningi obukhulu, kuzoba nabakhiqizi abaningi bokuqala abahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo efanayo noma ehambisanayo, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kanye nentengo ngeke yini kuqinisekiswe kakhulu esikhathini esizayo? Uma usunayo i-chip eqondiwe, kungumbuzo wokuthi ubani ozokhetha kuye. Ungawuthathi kancane lowo ozokhetha kuye. Ubani ozokhetha kuye ozonquma ukuthi ubani ozothenga kuye imikhiqizo esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba ifektri yokuqala ivame ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokubhalisa lokuphathwa kwama-ejenti, okungukuthi, uma ikhasimende kanye ne-ejenti befinyelela esivumelwaneni, ikhasimende libhaliswe njengekhasimende le-ejenti. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanye ama-ejenti awasakwazi ukunikeza izinsizakalo kanye nemikhiqizo kuleli khasimende ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile. Ngokufanayo, leli khasimende alikwazi ukuthola elinye i-ejenti elinganikeza imikhiqizo namasevisi. Ngamafuphi, uma zombili izinhlangothi ziqinisekisa inhloso yazo yokubambisana, ikhasimende liba ikhasimende le-ejensi ethile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukhetha bani umkhiqizo. Kungcono ukushiya le nkinga ekuthengeni. Ngokuvamile, bazi kangcono kunonjiniyela be-R&D, futhi kungumthwalo wabo wemfanelo.

Qaphela: Kusho ukuthini ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni? Ngezinye izikhathi ucabanga ukuthi ngisanda kubonisana ne-FAE yale nhlangano ngezinkinga ezithile zobuchwepheshe, nokuthi ulwazi engilucelile lwalungaphakathi kokuxhumana kodwa aluzange luqinisekise ukubambisana kwesikhathi esizayo. Kungani ngibhaliswe njengekhasimende lale nhlangano? Kodwa i-ejenti ingase ingakuboni ngale ndlela. Ukunikeze izinsizakalo, futhi awuyena ikhasimende lamanye ama-ejenti. Vele, uyikhasimende lakhe, futhi ama-oda esikhathi esizayo angabekwa lapha kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi zombili izinhlangothi kufanele zinake futhi zizame ukuchaza izinto kusenesikhathi ukuze zigweme ukungaqondakali futhi zenze wonke umuntu angajabuli esikhathini esizayo. Ikhasimende linesimo sengqondo esihle. Uma lingakanqumi ukuthi yiliphi i-ejenti elizosebenzisana nalo esikhathini esizayo, ukuxhumana akufanele kube okujulile kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukungaqondi kahle. Vele, amanye ama-ejenti nawo kudingeka abe nomusa kakhulu. Uma kungeqisi kakhulu, ungakhathazeki ngakho. Amakhasimende angaxhumana nomkhiqizi wokuqala ngqo, kodwa uma kungelona ikhasimende elikhulu ngokwanele, umenzi wokuqala uvame ukwethula ikhasimende ku-ejenti yakhe. Cabanga ngakho, vumela umenzi wokuqala ancome i-ejenti, noma uzitholele wena ngqo? I-Dayuan Factory ivame ukuba nohlu olude lwama-ejenti. Banamahhovisi namagatsha cishe kulo lonke izwe. Kufanele ngibheke bani? Isimo se-ejenti ngayinye sihlukile, futhi izindlela zokuthengisa namasu nazo zihlukile kakhulu. Abanye bacebile kakhulu, baguqula izandla zabo zibe amafu nemvula, futhi bazimisele ukwenza amadili amakhulu nokwenza amadili amakhulu. Abanye bazimisele ukugxila emikhakheni ethile ethile, benethemba lokuba ngumholi kulo mkhakha futhi bathathe ingxenye yesithathu yehektare. Uma ama-oda esikhathi esizayo emakhulu, amandla ezezimali e-ejenti nawo azohlolwa. Uma kungekho nkinga enjalo, kufanele ucabangele i-ejenti enemikhiqizo ezinikele kakhulu neyobungcweti kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe. Ama-ejenti ochwepheshe avame ukukwazi kangcono ukunikeza iseluleko sobungcweti. Isibonelo: amanye amadivayisi anamandla aphezulu ashibhile kunamadivayisi anamandla aphansi. ngani? Ngenxa yokuthi unamakhasimende amaningi alo modeli futhi unenqwaba yezimpahla, intengo empeleni ingcono. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-ejenti azoqondisa ngamabomu amanye amakhasimende anamandla aphansi ukuthi asebenzise amadivayisi akhe anamandla aphezulu. Kubasebenzisi, kungani ungakhethi amadivayisi anamandla aphezulu ngentengo efanayo noma ephansi? Intengo inenzuzo, ukuthembeka kuphezulu, futhi ukuphathwa kwempahla nakho kulula. Kumenzeli, ngale ndlela inzuzo yakhe yokuthola izimpahla ingaqiniswa kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingozi yempahla ingancishiswa (uma izinhlobo zimbalwa, ingozi yempahla iyancipha).

Vele, kukhona elinye iphuzu lama-ejenti. Ungayitholaphi enye idivayisi enjalo kanye nentengo enjalo ngaphandle kwami? Ngizobambelela kule ngxenye yesithathu yehektare yomhlaba. Zuza abanye kanye nawe, wonke umuntu uyajabula! (Uxolo, manje ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukunqoba-ukunqoba") Ukuze ugcine le ndawo engamahektare amathathu, i-ejenti nayo yasebenza kanzima futhi yachitha imali eyanele. I-FAE eyanele neyobungcweti ivame ukuba yindlela yabo eyinhloko. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyinzuzo kumakhasimende. I-FAE yobungcweti inganikeza izinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe zamahhala zochwepheshe zokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukiswa. Kusukela kumiklamo yokubhekisela kuya ku-Total Solutions. Uma kukhona izinkinga ekukhiqizeni, sihlala sikhona futhi singazixazulula ngokushesha. Ungaba kanjani okhetha kakhulu ngaleli zinga lenkonzo? Ngenxa yobuningi obuhlanganisiwe, la ma-ejenti agcwele. Avame ukubeka ama-oda hhayi ngokusekelwe kuma-oda amakhasimende avela efektri yokuqala, kodwa ngokusekelwe ekubikezelweni kwesidingo samakhasimende. Ngezinye izikhathi, bazosebenzisa futhi intengo enhle ukuthola inqwaba yezimpahla ngokusekelwe esimweni sokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sefektri yokuqala. Ngale ndlela, izicelo zamakhasimende zezimpahla ziqinisekisiwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukunikezwa okuqinisekisiwe kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi ngezinye izikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kimi kunentengo. Okuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo kukhona ngama-microcontrollers (ama-MCU) (qaphela, imishini yanamuhla yama-bit angu-8 ivame ukuba ishibhile kunemishini yama-bit angu-4).

Ama-ejenti ahlinzeka ngama-chip asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje ezintweni zasekhaya. Ungakhetha i-chip eyodwa noma ezimbili ezinememori enkulu kanye nezixhumi eziningi zokuphatha yonke imikhiqizo. Hlela i-PCB ehlanganisiwe bese ubhala kabusha izinhlelo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo ehlukene. Uma udinga futhi isixhumi sokuguqula i-A/D, intengo ye-microcontroller ene-interface ye-A/D ihlukile ngokuphelele. Yini okufanele uyenze? Ngenhlanhla, uma ukunemba kokuguqulwa kungaphezulu, i-FAE ye-ejenti izoncoma isekethe encane engalingisa isixhumi sokuguqula i-A/D esinezingxenye ezintathu, futhi le nkinga izoxazululwa. Kufanele ngenzeni uma umkhiqizo ukhethekile futhi ngingakwazi ukuthola umkhiqizo wokubhekisela isikhashana? Kukhona isimiso: lapho ukhetha umkhiqizo, zama ukuzivumelanisa nomkhiqizo esikhundleni sokuvumela umkhiqizo ukuthi uzivumelanise nami. Kusho ukuthini? Lapho ukhetha amamodeli, ungaxhumana nama-ejenti amaningana bese ulalela izingeniso zawo ze-FAE kanye ne-Sales. Uma ufuna ukukhetha i-MOSFET, ungathola ukuthi yimaphi amamodeli ajwayelekile nasetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi kobubanzi besicelo obudingekayo? Uma amapharamitha ayinhloko ehlangabezana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza kodwa amanye amapharamitha engafaneleki, ungacabanga ngezindlela zokwenza izinguquko ezithile? Isibonelo: uma ukuvuza komsinga kukhulu futhi ukumelana nakho kukhulu, qala ubone ukuthi kunganqotshwa yini? Kungenzeka yini ukulungisa isekethe ukuze ivumelane nale divayisi eqondiwe? Ochungechungeni lwemikhiqizo ende yefektri yokuqala, empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi aqondiswe ezimakethe ezithile zakwamanye amazwe kanye namakhasimende athile. Awanconywa emakethe yaseShayina futhi awavamile ukusetshenziswa ngamakhasimende.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kulula kakhulu kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza bese ukhetha lo modeli, uvame ukuba nezinkinga ezingapheli. Kungathatha amasonto amaningana ukufaka isicelo samasampula. Ngenxa yokuthi umenzi wokuqala akawuncomi, awutholakali kulabhulali yesampula futhi i-FAE ayinayo. Ama-oda e-PP ayakhathaza kakhulu. Uma inani elincane le-oda (i-MOQ) lingafinyelelwanga, ingabe i-ejenti izosingatha inani elengeziwe noma uzoligcina? Uma i-PP ingahambi kahle futhi kudingeka enye i-PP kodwa inani elengeziwe lokuqala lisalahlekile, kuzoba nzima nakakhulu. Nokho, i-PP isidlulile ekugcineni, futhi inkinga ye-MP isivele. Isibikezelo kumele sibe sinembile futhi i-PO ayikwazi ukushintshwa. Kunzima kumakhasimende amanje ukwenza lokhu. Kulungile, noma ngabe ukwenza. Uma kukhona inkinga ngokulethwa kwefektri yokuqala, khona-ke kuzoba ukukhala kokungabikho kwempendulo nsuku zonke, kanye nokukhala kokwehluleka! Ngingayitholaphi imithombo yezimpahla kanye nezinye izinto ezingasetshenziswa? Ubani ongakusiza? Uma ulinda kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka ukuze uxoxisane ngamanani, ungaxoxisana kanjani ngokuthenga? Kuyihlazo elikhulu kumenzeli ukugcina intengo yokuqala, ngoba bona ngokwabo sebeshisiwe kakade! Lapho izimpahla zifika, amakhasimende awazithathi ngesikhathi; lapho impahla isihambile, amakhasimende ayakhala futhi akhononde. Ubani ongakubekezelela? Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwezingxenye ze-R&D kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuthuthukiswa futhi kuthuthukiswa imikhiqizo. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo "ethandwayo" kuzothola umphumela ophindwe kabili ngesigamu somzamo. Uma usukhethile imodeli, uzokwazi ukwenza ukuthenga kwesikhathi esizayo kalula; ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzoba nzima ukwehla.

Uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi ukunciphisa izindleko kumane nje kumayelana nokubambezela inkokhelo ngokuthenga nokudlala ngamaqhinga, khona-ke uzobukelwa phansi ngempela. Kungcono kakhulu ukuba nombono obanzi kangaka, uzizuzise, ​​​​futhi uhlonishwe abanye.

Izindleko kanye nentengo yemikhiqizo ejwayelekile Uma sisebenzisana nama-ejenti, akunakugwenywa ukuxoxisana ngentengo ekugcineni. Manje njengoba sesiyiqondile imikhiqizo ye-semiconductor kanye nokwakheka kwezindleko zayo, ake sibuyele ebhizinisini. Siyaqonda ukuthi intengo yomkhiqizo inqunywa yimakethe kunezindleko ezibizwa ngokuthi yizindleko (ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ekhethekile ngayinye). Ngisho noma siqonda izindleko zalo mkhiqizo futhi sinawo umbono wawo, asikho isidingo sokukusho lapho sixoxa ngentengo, ngoba izindleko ziyibhizinisi lomphikisi futhi azinandaba nawe! Ushilo, kodwa elinye iqembu alizange lijabule. Intengo yemakethe yomkhiqizo ingu-1 yuan. Ngisho noma izindleko zingamasenti angu-1 kuphela, ngeke akuthengisele wona ngamasenti angu-9. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izindleko zakhe zingama-yuan angu-2, ubungeke umthumelele i-oda ngama-yuan angu-2 ngobuwula. Isizathu silula, imakethe inquma intengo futhi ayihlobene nezindleko. Ubani okufanele sithenge umkhiqizo onentengo yemakethe engu-1 yuan, i-ejenti? Umthengisi? Ngomkhiqizo onentengo yemakethe engu-1 yuan, singalwela yini ukuthola intengo yamasenti angu-9, amasenti angu-8, amasenti angu-9, noma ngaphansi?

Ngicabanga ukuthi singaqala ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezidinga ukuthengwa zibe yizigaba ezimbili: inhloso ejwayelekile kanye nenhloso ekhethekile. Okubizwa ngokuthi i-universal kubhekisela kweminye imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe abakhiqizi abaningi engaba iyonke futhi ihambisane. Njenge: uchungechunge lwe-78xx, uchungechunge lwe-logic lwe-74xxxx, kanye nama-amplifier athile okusebenza, ama-voltage comparator, ama-MOSFET, ama-diode, ama-transistors, njll. Izici zale mikhiqizo yilezi: inani eliphansi, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, kanye nabakhiqizi abaningi. Ukuze uthenge le mikhiqizo, ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono ukuthenga kubathengisi. Abathengisi okukhulunywa ngabo lapha babhekisela ezinkampanini ezinesilinganiso esithile, inani elikhulu lempahla ye-spot, kanye nesiqinisekiso sangemva kokuthengisa, okufanayo ngezansi. (Abanye abathengisi okwamanje bancane ngesilinganiso futhi abanayo impahla ye-spot futhi bavame ukufuna izimpahla ngokusekelwe kuma-oda amakhasimende. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinkampani kumele kube nokucabanga kanye nenani lazo. Ngingawasebenzisa kanjani amandla azo ukuze ngizuze? Sizoxoxa ngakho kamuva.) Ungazama ukuthola i-ejenti ene-oda elingu-7805 1kK bese ubona ukuthi bayakwamukela yini ngokumomotheka. Kungani? Ngoba noma ngabe leli bhizinisi lingaqalwa ngempumelelo, i-1KK izobiza cishe u-100K ngenyanga ngokwesilinganiso. Ngisho noma intengo yeyunithi ingu-$0.10, iyibhizinisi lamadola aseMelika ayi-10,000. Uma kukhona inzuzo ephelele engu-5%, izobiza u-3,000 RMB kuphela.

Ake sibheke le agent futhi. Okokuqala, kufanele benze izibikezelo zabakhiqizi bokuqala. Kule mikhiqizo engenakho okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe, inani eliphansi, futhi "engenzi" imali, abakhiqizi bokuqala bavame ukuyibeka. Izibikezelo ezenziwe ngama-agent zivame ukuvinjelwa. Ummese owodwa; Ekugcineni ngikwazile ukuwuguqula ube yi-PO, futhi ifektri yokuqala ngeke ikuqinisekise isikhathi sokulethwa. Noma kunjalo, uma uwuthola ohlelweni, uzobe usukulungele ukukhipha isitifiketi bese ulanda izimpahla; uma ulibele ohlelweni, akudingeki uphuthume. Ngisho noma unginxusa, akekho ozokunaka. Ngakho-ke, uma ufika kusenesikhathi, kufanele usithwale usibeke endaweni yokugcina impahla. Le nto inzima futhi ithatha indawo. Uma ngifika sekwephuzile, amakhasimende eza ukuzongikhumbuza nsuku zonke futhi angisongele ngezikhathi ezithile. Ekugcineni kungenzeka ukuthumela izimpahla, kodwa ikhasimende lifuna uthumele i-courier ngoba umugqa wokukhiqiza sekwephuzile kakhulu. Hawu Nkulunkulu wami, le nto ingathunyelwa kanjani ngokulethwa okusheshayo? Kodwa ayikho enye indlela, ubani ozofika sekwephuzile? Ekugcineni, uma ifika kumakhasimende, kusasele izinsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-60 zokulinda ukukhokhelwa kwanyanga zonke. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi eside, amanani nawo azoshintsha. Uma intengo yemakethe ikhuphuka, amakhasimende azothi, "Kukhona inkontileka kuqala, futhi sizokwenza ngokwesivumelwano." Uma intengo yehla, amakhasimende azothi, "Umholi wethu uthe, manje intengo iphansi, kufanele ngenzeni?" Ngingakwazi yini ukukhokha isikweletu ngentengo yokuqala? Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba, uma usengathola ama-yuan ayi-10 noma ayi-8 kuma-yuan ayi-3,000, uzoba nenhlanhla ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimali. Ngezinye izikhathi uma izinto zingahambi kahle, bazokhohlwa ngokulahlekelwa futhi bavame ukuba nenkinga enkulu ngamakhasimende. Nakuba ama-ejenti esebenze kanzima, abambezele ukukhiqizwa, futhi uma abaholi bebasola, ingabe amakhasimende azobukeka kahle kuwo? Uma ungatholi ngisho nokuba abangane ekugcineni, kuwukulahlekelwa okukhulu kunenzuzo. Ubani ongabekezelela lokhu kuhlupheka? Kule mikhiqizo ejwayelekile, ama-ejenti azimisele kakhulu ukusebenzelana nabathengisi nabahwebi. Ekuqaleni konyaka, ngenza isibikezelo sokuqala se-xxxKK futhi ngalinda umenzi wokuqala ukuthi angenelele bese ngiyidlulisela ku-PO. Uma izimpahla zingatholakali, abadayisi babengeke bangiphuthume. Noma kunjalo, babenamasheya noma ezinye izinhlobo ezitholakalayo. Uma izimpahla zifika, ngishayele ucingo nje futhi bazohlela ukuzilanda, bese imali izokhishwa. Woza ngesandla esisodwa bese uhamba nesinye, ngisho nephuzu elilodwa noma amabili azokwenza imali. Uma ikhasimende lokugcina lithola i-ejenti, lizimisele kakhulu ukwethula ikhasimende kubathengisi balo kanye nabadayisi, futhi wonke umuntu uyajabula. Kufektri yokuqala, kungani niqhubeka nokukhiqiza uma ingenzi mali? Ngicabanga ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi amanye amakhasimende asebenzisa ama-chip awo ayinhloko nama-chip amakhulu adinga lawa ma-chip. Ukuyeka ukunikezwa kwala ma-chip asizayo kungalahlekelwa la makhasimende; kodwa isizathu esiyisisekelo kakhulu ukuthi: ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor kudinga "ibhalansi", okungukuthi, Kukhona umkhiqizo ohleliwe wenyanga.

Futhi isidingo semakethe sinokuhambisana kwesikhathi esithile sonyaka, okubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nesikhathi esiphezulu. Uma ama-oda okukhiqiza enganele, ifektri yokuqala izodinga le mikhiqizo ehlukahlukene futhi emikhulu ukuze iyigcwalise. Yingakho le mikhiqizo ivame uku-odwa ngaphandle kokwazi isikhathi esiqondile sokulethwa. Kubathengisi nabahwebi, bangathwala izinhlobo ezintathu, ezine noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Le mikhiqizo itholakala kabanzi futhi ingasetshenziswa yiwo wonke umndeni. Abesabi ukusilela emuva, futhi cishe izinsuku zokushintshana zinde. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi kanye nanoma yisiphi isitolo esishibhile, ngizothenga noma yiluphi uhlobo. Ngakho-ke banempahla eningi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile amanani amahle kakhulu. Vele, lapho uthenga, ungathola abahwebi abaningana abahlukene ukuze baqhathanise amanani. Ngeke ulahlekelwe ngokuthenga nxazonke. Ngisho nomhwebi ofanayo angahlola ukuthi kukhona yini umehluko emananini ezinhlobo ezahlukene? Kungani ukhathazeka ngokungatholi intengo engcono kakhulu? Kodwa-ke, mina ngokwami ​​​​nginomuzwa wokuthi akunamsebenzi ukuqhathanisa ngentengo kuphela, ngoba ziyafana impela. Kwanele ukubheka isevisi kanye nedumela lenkampani bese uqondisa inkampani eyodwa noma ezimbili. Ukubambisana kwesikhathi eside kwenza wonke umuntu aphumule futhi ajabule. Intengo ibalulekile. Awukwazi ukwenza noma yini oyifunayo. Phela, lokhu kubonisa izinga lakho lomsebenzi kanye nekhono lakho, kanye nokwethenjwa komphathi wakho nabaholi. Kodwa ungathatheki kakhulu. Uma kunezinkinga ngekhwalithi noma ukulethwa komhlinzeki, inzuzo encane oyenzile izobe isuliwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yilutho. Kuzilimaza wena futhi akukuhle enkampanini.

8. Izindleko Nentengo Yemikhiqizo Yenhloso Ekhethekile Ngiqonde ukuthini ngomkhiqizo ozinikele (i-IC)? Eqinisweni, angazi ukuthi ngingawuchaza kanjani mina. Vele, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuvame ukuba ngqo, njengokuthi: ama-chip e-LCD TV, ama-chip ekhompyutha yethebhulethi, ama-chip ebhokisi elibekwe phezulu, njll. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, amanye ama-microcontroller nama-chip e-DSP anezinkambu eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza, kodwa sivame ukuwahlukanisa njengama-chip enhloso ekhethekile. Ama-ejenti ngeke acaphune amanye ama-chip ngaphandle kokuhlanza imininingwane yekhasimende. Abasebenzisi balama-chip ngeke bawanike ama-ejenti ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa okuvela kumenzi wokuqala. Nginomuzwa wokuthi lawa kufanele abe ama-chip akhethekile esivame ukuwakhuluma. Izindleko zamasekethe ahlanganisiwe ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe ngezindleko zokukhiqiza, izindleko zokuthuthukisa kanye nezindleko zokuthengisa, kodwa empeleni konke lokhu kuyi-akhawunti edidayo. Noma kunjalo, yimaphi ama-akhawunti abikiwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Uma isekethe ehlanganisiwe ikhiqizwa ngumenzi uqobo, ukwehla kwenani lemishini kubalwa iningi lezindleko zokukhiqiza. Kodwa le mishini ayikhiqizi lo mkhiqizo kuphela. Ungawabela kanjani ngokufanele le ngxenye yezindleko? Ngaphezu kwama-wafer e-silicon, amanye amanzi, ugesi, kanye negesi nakho kuyabiwa. Uma umthamo wokukhiqiza uphelele, kulungile. Uma umthamo wokukhiqiza ungaphezulu, ubani ozothwala izindleko zengxenye esele? Haha, lena akuyona imali encane.

Vele, uma i-chip kanye nephakheji kukhishwe ngaphandle, khona-ke ukubalwa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza kulula kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, intengo yokucubungula yabanye yizindleko zokukhiqiza ze-IC. Izindleko zokuthuthukisa ziyinto embi kakhulu ukuyisho. Umbuzo olula uwukuthi, ingabe imiholo kasihlalo kanye ne-CEO ibhekwa njengezindleko zokuthuthukisa? Noma kunjalo, leli bhasikidi lingaqukatha noma yini oyifunayo. Uma ujula, uma izindleko zokuthuthukisa ziyimali elinganiselwe, khona-ke zingakanani izindleko ezabiwe yi-IC ngayinye? Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kuza kuqala, futhi ukuthengiswa kuza kamuva. Lokhu kunzima ukukusho. Uma kukhona inani eliqondiwe lapho umkhiqizo uthuthukiswa, kodwa emjikelezweni wokuphila kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthengisa kuya ekususweni kokugcina komkhiqizo, inani langempela lokuthengisa lizoba eminyakeni eminingana kamuva (vele, ngezinye izikhathi kuba izinyanga eziningana), futhi ubukhulu balokhu kuphambuka kwenani bukhulu kakhulu. Umehluko phakathi kwesigidi esingu-1 nesigidi esingu-10 uphindwe kayishumi. Ngakho-ke, uma umhlinzeki exoxa nawe ngentengo futhi ezigqaja ngokuthi zingakanani izindleko zokuthuthukisa, ingqondo yakho ingazulazula futhi icabange ngamazwi akudala: hleka. Akukaphuzi kakhulu ukuthi ubuyele ezingqondweni zakho uma sekuxoxiswana ngentengo.

Izindleko zokuthengisa nazo ziyingxenye enkulu, okuhlanganisa ukuthengisa kwangaphambi kokuthengisa kanye nokuthengisa kwangemva kokuthengisa. Esikhathini esidlule, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IC zazilula, futhi onjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza babakhiqizi babevame ukuzisingatha bona. Namuhla, ama-IC athuthuka aye ezingeni lesistimu. Ngaphezu kwehadiwe, ahlobene kakhulu nesofthiwe ngisho nesofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu. Amakhasimende awasaneliseki ngemiklamo elula yokubhekisela kodwa adinga isethi ephelele yezixazululo zesicelo. Lokhu kungaphezu kwamandla abakhiqizi be-IC ngokwabo. Kufanele babambisane nezinkampani zokuklama zochwepheshe bezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende, futhi badinga ngisho nokuthenga isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu efanele ukuze bayinikeze amakhasimende mahhala. Insizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa nayo iyabiza. Uma amakhasimende enezinkinga ngemuva kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, umenzi we-IC uvame ukuba ngowokuqala ukuxhumana naye. Babecabanga ukuthi ifektri yokuqala ingakwazi ukuyisingatha. Eqinisweni, akunjalo. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngaphandle (okungenani isofthiwe yokuhlola inikezwa ngaphandle), ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka komkhiqizo akulula. Ngoba ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo wefektri kuvame ukunquma kuphela ukuthi kufanelekile noma akufanelekile, akekho owaziyo ukuthi yimiphi imingcele ethile engafanelekile. Uma kunezinkinga zesistimu ezihilelekile, umenzi ngokwakhe ngeke akwazi ukuzixazulula, futhi kuzodingeka izindleko ezengeziwe.

Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali komkhiqizo ngamunye we-IC kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kuya ekungeneni kokugcina emakethe kukhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, siyaqhubeka nokugcizelela ukuthi intengo yemikhiqizo ye-monopoly yemakethe kuphela ehlobene "nezindleko", njenge: uphethiloli, ugesi, amanzi ompompi, njll. Njalo nje lapho "belungisa" amanani kungenxa yokuthi "izindleko" ziyakhuphuka. Akukho buhlobo phakathi kwamanani emikhiqizo ethengiswa ngokugcwele kanye nezindleko. Amanani ezinto ezibonakalayo akhuphukile, amanani amandla akhuphukile, futhi amanani abasebenzi akhuphukile. Uke wabona amanani amathelevishini, amakhompyutha, imishini yokuwasha kanye neziqandisi ekhuphuka? Iningi lemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor (ngaphandle: amakhadi ahlukahlukene okuthutha, amakhadi ezokwelapha, namakhadi ahlukahlukene adingekayo empilweni, emsebenzini, nasebhizinisini) yimikhiqizo ethengiswa ngokugcwele. Intengo yemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor ingakhushulwa kuphela ngokuqagela, hhayi nganoma yikuphi ukwanda. Intengo ye-IC ivelaphi? Intengo yemikhiqizo ejwayelekile ivame ukunqunywa yimakethe; intengo yemikhiqizo ekhethekile ivame ukunqunywa ngabancintisana nabo. Isibonelo: Amamojula e-IGBT ama-air conditioner e-inverter anikezwa ngokuyisisekelo yizinkampani ezimbili, futhi angabancintisana nabo. Amanani okuthengisa emikhiqizo azohambisana ngokuyisisekelo nokubhekisela komunye nomunye.

Unganaka, kunezibonelo eziningi ezizungezile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lokhu! Umgomo wokugcina wokuxoxisana ngezindleko namanani ukunciphisa amanani. Thola indlela efanele bese uqala ukunciphisa kancane. Abanye abangani bacabanga ukuthi intengo yemikhiqizo ejwayelekile kulula ukuyixoxisana nokuyinciphisa. Ngenxa yokuthi kunabaphakeli abaningi kanye nokuncintisana okukhulu, kulula ngabadobi ukuthola inzuzo. Abaphakeli bemikhiqizo ekhethekile bavame ukuba ngu-1 noma ababili. Banokuqondana okuthule komunye nomunye futhi asikho isidingo sokuxoxisana ngentengo! Kodwa-ke, umuzwa wami uphambene impela.

Ukuba yi-ejenti yobungcweti yomkhiqizo odumile we-IC kuwukufuna ochwepheshe abaningi bokuthengisa be-IC, ukwakha isithombe esihle sebhizinisi senkampani (imisebenzi, ezezimali, njll.); ukuqinisekisa ibhizinisi elizinzile kanye nenzuzo; ukuqasha abantu abaphezulu abathengisa kangcono, njll. Izinzuzo ziyazikhulumela. Ungaba kanjani yi-ejenti enjalo ngokushesha okukhulu? Angihlekisi ngamabomu. Eqinisweni, angazi. Anginampendulo yalo mbuzo. Ukube bengikutshelile, kumelwe ukuthi ngiqamba amanga kuwe, ngaphandle kwalokho bengizo...

Esitolo sezincwadi esisesikhumulweni sezindiza, i-TV yokubonisa ivame ukudlala uchungechunge lomuntu ofundisa ngokuphathwa kwebhizinisi nokuphathwa kwalo. Umsindo nemizwa kuyaxubana, futhi kuyathinta inhliziyo kakhulu ukukulalela. Kodwa lapho ngifika endizeni futhi ngizolile futhi ngicabanga ngakho, kwabonakala sengathi akunjalo nhlobo. Bavame ukubabiza ngokuthi abafundisi, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi babe osomabhizinisi. Isizathu silula kanjalo. Okokuqala, osomabhizinisi abanaso isikhathi esikhululekile. Okwesibili, osomabhizinisi abanaso isikhathi sokuthola imali. Bangaba kanjani nesikhathi sokucabanga ngokwenza imali? Vele, kukhona nosomabhizinisi abashicilela izincwadi futhi banikeze izinkulumo. Kodwa-ke, uyakholelwa yini ezindabeni zabo zempumelelo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo? Angikukholwa noma kunjalo! Muva nje, ngihlangane nomqhubi wefektri yokuqala yaseYurophu futhi ngakhuluma ngemakethe yaseShayina. Imicabango yakhe, ukuqonda, kanye nezidingo zakhe kwabonakala kusikhuthaza. Lena yinkampani yobuchwepheshe bomsindo yaseYurophu esungulwe kahle engagcini nje ngokunikeza amalayisense obuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi kodwa futhi ikhiqiza nama-IC. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni imvamisa, ukudlulisa, ukukhulisa umsindo, njll. we-pre-audio, futhi isetshenziswa kuma-microphone, kuma-mixer, kanye nama-pre-amplifier. Babengasakwazi ukuvimba imakethe enkulu yaseShayina. Ekuqaleni basebenzisa i-ejenti yaphesheya kwezilwandle ukukhangisa nokuthengisa ezwenikazi, kodwa baqaphela ukuthi elinye iqembu lase lingaphezu kwamandla abo, futhi kancane kancane baqonda: Kunabantu abakhuluma isiShayina futhi abangenza izinto zesiShayina. Abantu baseShayina baphesheya kwezilwandle, baseTaiwan, baseHong Kong, abahlala ezwenikazi, njll. bonke banezindlela zabo zebhizinisi, futhi abantu basezwenikazi kufanele bafaneleke kakhulu kumakhasimende asezwenikazi.

Ngenxa yalokho, baqala ukucabanga ngokufuna ama-ejenti "angochwepheshe" ezwenikazi laseShayina. Yiziphi izindinganiso zabo zosuku olungaziwa? I-ejenti ayikwazi ukuba nkulu kakhulu. Phela, le IC inobungcweti futhi imakethe yezicelo ilinganiselwe. I-ejenti enkulu kakhulu ayikwazi ukunakekela ibhizinisi elincane kangaka. Vele, ayikwazi ukuba ncane kakhulu. Phela, abasebenzi abathile kanye nokuvikeleka kwezezimali kusadingeka. . Phakathi kwabo, leyo engalokothi iphunyuke iyona engcono kakhulu. Njengamanje, kumele sisebenze kule nsimu yezicelo futhi sibe nokusekelwa kobungcweti kwezicelo. Uma ungathuthukisa noma uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza, lokho kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Isizathu sabo sicacile futhi, okungukuthi, ngabalingani, bangaqonda ngokushesha imakethe: Iyini amandla ale mboni? Obani abalingisi abaphambili (abahlinzeki, amakhasimende)? Iyini inhloso eyinhloko yekhasimende, ikhwalithi, intengo, insizakalo yobuchwepheshe? Yisiphi isisombululo esilula ukungena, nokuthi singakhula kanjani ngemva kokungena? Ingabe kungaba khona iziteshi zokuthengisa esizeni ukusiza ngokushesha ukwandisa imakethe yomkhiqizo?

Izinga lalilula futhi lingaphakeme, kodwa ubunzima bangempela budlule lokho ababekulindele. Kunezincomo eziningi abazincomayo, kodwa ama-ejenti nabathengisi "abangochwepheshe" abavamile ngempela. Kufanele kube khona, kodwa abakakutholi okwamanje. Ngemva kokushintshana okuthile, kwabonakala sengathi nginokuqonda okuthile. yebo! Bangaki abangani bethu abafuna ngokungazi ukuvula izinkampani zabo njenge "izitolo zemithi yaseShayina" ezinakho konke abakudingayo futhi ezingamukela ama-oda, okubizwa ngokuthi isevisi "yokuma okukodwa". Ngiyesaba ukuthi uma ngingakwazi ukusingatha wonke amakhasimende, ngizofuna amanye amakhasimende, futhi ekugcineni, ngisho nalokho engingakwenza kuzothathwa ezinye izinkampani. Noma bakhathazekile ngokuthi amakhasimende azocabanga ukuthi awanazo izinsiza zokusekela ezanele kanye namakhono abuthakathaka, futhi ngeke akwazi ukuthola ama-oda amakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngale ndlela, ngiya ngokuya ngiqhela kakhulu ekubeni "ngochwepheshe". Abanye abangani bazothenga umugqa womkhiqizo inqobo nje uma bengakwazi. Uma nje umkhiqizo ungaba yi-ejenti, ngizohlangabezana nazo zonke izimo. Uma amaqembu amabili exhumana, avame ukubuza ukuthi ngithengisa malini, nginamaphuzu amangaki okuthengisa, nginamigqa emingaki yemikhiqizo, nginabathengisi nonjiniyela abangaki. Iyiphi indawo yami yokuthengisa engcono kakhulu? Cabanga ngalokho abantu bakwamanye amazwe abakucabangayo, kuyinto engokoqobo kakhulu. Ngeke afune ukuqeqesha i-ejenti eyedwa. Ngokuqinisekile angadinga umlingani oye wenza impumelelo kule makethe ethile futhi okhululekile ngayo, futhi ongamsiza afinyelele amakhasimende nezimakethe ngqo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngikhiqiza imikhiqizo futhi uneziteshi, okuyinzuzo kubo bonke abakhuluma ngayo njalo.

Kukhona igebe phakathi kwemibono yabantu bakwamanye amazwe nesimo sethu samanje. Akumangalisi ukuthi asikwazi ukuthola esikufunayo nalokho esifuna ukukwenza kungenziwa. Ngokuqondana, wakhumbula ukuthi wahlangana nomngane ovela kumkhiqizi we-IC ophambili ekuqaleni konyaka, futhi wakhuluma nangabenzeli. Ukuthengisa kwabo kuncike kakhulu kuma-super agent ambalwa. Kodwa banaka kakhulu ukwanda kwemikhiqizo emisha kanye namasimu amasha, okusobala ukuthi akuzona izintshisekelo zalabo benzeli abakhulu. Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi yena mathupha, ngisho nendlunkulu yabo yokuqala yefektri yakuthola kunzima ukusunduza laba benzeli abakhulu ukuthi babambisane ngezinga elithile. Laba benzeli sebejwayele ukuthola imikhiqizo yokuqala namakhasimende amakhulu, bese bethembela ezimalini zabo ezinkulu ukwenza ukuthengisa. Kodwa kulula kangakanani ukuthembela kuphela ekuthengisweni kanye ne-FAE yefektri yokuqala? Bacabange nokufuna ukubambisana nezinye izinkampani zokuklama zezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nezinkampani zokuthengisa emkhakheni othile. Qala ngokucacisa izimpahla ngama-agent, futhi ekugcineni unethemba lokuvelela futhi ube yi-agent yabo. Asikaze sixhumane isikhathi eside. Bekufanele ngabe benze konke ababefuna ukukwenza, akunjalo? Yebo, kubonakala sengathi bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakhathalelayo futhi abaphikelela ekubeni “ngochwepheshe”, yize abantu abaningi phakathi kwabo bevame ukuziveza “njengochwepheshe”.

10. Yiba yi-ejenti! Ngisebenzisa ithuba lokubingelela ngoKhisimusi nangoNyaka Omusha, umphathi wokuqala wefektri ye-Pre-audio IC engikhulume ngayo ngenhla ukhulume nami ngokusesha kwakhe i-ejenti yezwekazi ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule. "Sekuyisikhathi eside kakhulu, bengicabanga ukuthi sekuqediwe kakade!" Lokhu kwakungaphezu kwalokho engangikulindele. Ngingavuma nje ngokunganaki: "Kulungile, ngizokuqapha, futhi ngizokuncoma okuthile okuhle." Izinga lami lesiNgisi lalinganele ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukudideka kwakhe. Kubonakala kimi ukuthi ochwepheshe bethu bokusabalalisa i-IC bagodliwe kakhulu noma abanakho ukuzethemba okwanele kubo noma banezinye izimfihlo? Ilukuluku lami langenza ngacabanga ngalaba basebenzi bokusabalalisa i-IC. Kungenzeka ukuthi lo mncintiswano osheshayo wenze abantu abaningi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokwenza imali esheshayo nokuhlala kude nebhizinisi lesikhathi eside. Ithemba lihle kakhulu, kodwa kumele ngiqinisekise ukuthi ngingaphila kuze kube usuku lapho ithemba ligcwaliseka! Izinkinga ezingokoqobo kumele zicatshangelwe, ngakho-ke sivame ukugcina simatasa ngebhizinisi elibonakala limatasa nsuku zonke. Bengilokhu ngimangazwa ukuthi abangani bami abaningi bachitha usuku lwabo lonke bebuza ukuthi bangazitholaphi iziteshi zokuthenga ezishibhile, noma bezibuza ukuthi yiziphi izitolo zokuqala noma ukuthengisa kwama-ejenti abangakuthola. Inzuzo enkulu yalawo mabhizinisi ivame ukungalinganiswa ngo-% kodwa ngamasenti noma ngisho namasenti. Kodwa babematasa kakhulu futhi bezijabulisa.

Ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa, bakhala ngokuthi ibhizinisi linzima futhi kufanele basebenze isikhathi esithile efektri yokuqala, ama-ejenti, abathumeli bezincwadi, kanye nabathengi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ngiyabuza ukuthi kunezindlela ezinhle nezindlela zokwenza imali enkulu nokwenza ibhizinisi elikhulu kuphi. Nginamahloni okuxoxa ngalezi zinkinga ngoba angizange ngithole imali eningi, futhi-ke asikho isisombululo esihle. Ngingakhuluma ngakho ngeze. Kodwa-ke, uma ngikhuluma ngemizwa yami ngasese, ngithanda amabhizinisi adla isikhathi futhi adinga umsebenzi omningi. Akukhona ukuthi ngazalelwa ukuba ngisebenze kanzima futhi ngibe nesibindi sokubhekana nezinselele, kodwa nginomuzwa wokuthi amabhizinisi anjalo afanele umzamo. Ibhizinisi elilula livame ukuqala ngokuthenga, inqobo nje uma usebenzisa amandla anele nezinsizakusebenza ukuze uthole i-oda. Ibhizinisi elilula livame ukuqala ngentengo nesikhathi sokukhokha. Zama ukuthola izindlela zokwenza intengo yakho ibe phansi kunezinye, futhi isikhathi sokukhokha singaba side kunezinye. Vele, inzuzo yebhizinisi elinjalo ingalinganiswa kuphela ngamasenti namasenti. Ekugcineni, kuzoba yize noma bavuke ngakusasa bathole ukuthi intshontshiwe abanye futhi. Njengoba isisho sithi, bafika ngokushesha bahambe ngokushesha. Njengoba ibhizinisi lingathathwa kalula kwabanye, akumangazi ukuthi abanye bazolithatha ngemizuzu embalwa. Akuyona into enciphisa ikhabhoni, ayigcini amandla, ayinobungani nemvelo, futhi ayinawo umbono wesayensi ngentuthuko.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bheka amabhizinisi anezinkinga nezinselele. Kuqala nge-Souring, ukuthumela amasampula, ukwenza ama-prototype, bese kuthi ekugcineni kube yi-Total Solution. Akugcini nje ngokusiza ekuthuthukisweni kwehadiwe, kodwa futhi kusiza nasekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele sisize amakhasimende ukuhlela "amaphuzu okuthengisa" emikhiqizo yawo. Ngoba ikhasimende lithe ujwayelene kakhulu nokusebenza komkhiqizo wakho, futhi wazi kangcono ukuthi ungakubonisa kanjani lokhu kusebenza okuhle kumakhasimende ethu. Ngezinye izikhathi ngizozizwa ngicasukile, "Ngibe yini? Ngaphandle kwami, yini oyidingayo iminyango ye-R&D kanye neyokumaketha? Usaphethe usuku lonke. Lokhu akulungile, lokho akukuhle." Yilokho kuphela: "Umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu uvela ezulwini." Abantu bakwaYusi,..." Imiphumela yemizamo enjalo nayo ayiqinisekile. Uma kwenzeka iphutha elibi ekuxhumaneni okuthile kwe-R&D, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuthengisa, yonke imizamo yangaphambilini izolahleka. Kodwa-ke, amathuba alokhu awaphezulu. Phela, kuyitshalomali enkulu kumakhasimende ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo omusha bese ewufaka emakethe, futhi ngeke bagijimele kuwo ngaphandle kokucabangisisa kahle. Umphumela omubi kakhulu ukuthi ikhasimende lithola ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nokulindelwe futhi kufanele ushiywe ngemuva kokufakwa emakethe. Kodwa ama-oda aqediwe phakathi nalo mjikelezo ngokuvamile angasiza okungenani ukubopha ifindo, futhi ngokuvamile kusekhona ibhalansi. Vele, uma impendulo yemakethe iyinhle, izinzuzo zizobonakala. Lolu hlobo lokuvuna alugcini nje ngokuzinza futhi luhlala isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi kunzima ukuhlwithwa ngabanye.

Uma abanye befuna ukuthatha leli bhizinisi, vele nabo kufanele benze into efanayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangaba kanjani nokuncintisana ngokwanele ukuze bathathe ibhizinisi elinjalo? Kumelwe akwazi ukuthwala "umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu kangaka". Ngokuphathelene nokuzama "ukukhetha amapentshisi" ngokuthola umuntu othile noma umuntu oyedwa noma ababili, lokho akulula. Ukuthola, i-R&D, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukuthenga, ukumaketha, ubuholi, ungathanda ukuzama zonke lezi zici? Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umhlinzeki onjalo elahliwe, ubani oqinisekisa ukuthi omusha uzokwenza kangcono? Ambalwa amakhasimende azimisele ukufaka engcupheni ukugembula okunjalo. Ingasaphathwa imizwa efike endleleni. Ufuna ukuba uhlobo luni lwe-ejenti?