Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau koj tus neeg sawv cev yuav khoom zoo tshaj plaws?

Thaum lub sijhawm sib tham txhua hnub, ntau tus neeg yuav khoom feem ntau yws tias cov neeg sawv cev muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, tsis quav ntsej lawv thaum lawv hu xov tooj, thiab tau txais kev thawb rov qab thaum nug txog cov qauv. Kev ua haujlwm nrog lawv tsis yog qhov lawv xav. Puas muaj qhov zais cia? Ua tus neeg muag khoom, yuav luag txhua tus muaj qhov kev paub no. Ntau tus neeg siv khoom hu xov tooj thiab pib los ntawm kev nug cov nqi thiab sib piv cov nqi. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav raug hais tias XXX tus nqi zoo dua .... Cov neeg muag khoom feem ntau poob kev txaus siab thaum lawv hnov ​​​​​​qhov no. Vim tias, los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, koj cov kab hauv qab tau raug xau. Koj yuav tsis yog tus neeg siv khoom zoo rau lawv. Qhov koj txhawj xeeb txog yog tus nqi es tsis yog cov khoom. Yog tias koj xav ua lag luam nrog koj yav tom ntej, koj yuav tuaj yog tias tus nqi qis hnub no, thiab koj yuav tawm mus yog tias tus nqi siab tag kis. Cov neeg muag khoom nyiam tus neeg siv khoom ruaj khov (qhov ntau tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws) es tsis yog tus neeg siv khoom taug kev. Qee tus neeg siv khoom xav tias lawv cov kev xav tau loj thiab txaus nyiam rau cov neeg sawv cev. Tab sis txhua tus paub tias tus lej loj dua, qhov teeb meem ntau dua. Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom tsis hais txog qhov kev txiav txim, yuav muaj backlog ntau heev; yog tias kev xa khoom tsis raws sijhawm, nws yuav yog cov neeg siv khoom tsis txaus siab thiab kev tsis txaus siab. Muaj pes tsawg zaus huab cua tuaj yeem du? Qhov teeb meem zoo kawg nkaus.

Cov neeg siv khoom no feem ntau tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv teev dub ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom qub. Txawm tias lawv tau txais tus neeg siv khoom zoo li no, cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsis twv sau npe thiab tso cov xaj nrog tus neeg tsim khoom qub yooj yim, vim tias tus neeg tsim khoom qub feem ntau yuav qhia rau lawv tias lawv tau yog cov neeg siv khoom ntawm XX ntev heev. Koj tsis tas yuav tsoo. Tsis txaj muag li! Qee cov khoom siv dav dav tuaj yeem xaj tau yam tsis tau sau npe nrog tus neeg tsim khoom qub. Nws tsis yog tias lawv tsis muaj tus nqi zoo, nws tsuas yog vim koj tsis yog tus neeg siv khoom zoo uas lawv xav tias yog tus neeg siv khoom zoo, thiab lawv tsis twv muab tus nqi zoo rau koj vim lawv tsis muaj kev nkag siab tacit nrog koj. Yog tias koj siv nws tus nqi los tswj hwm lwm tus neeg sawv cev thiab qhia rau tus neeg tsim khoom qub paub txog nws, koj yuav muaj teeb meem loj. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xaiv cov khoom rau R&D thiab nrhiav tus neeg sawv cev, koj yuav tsum xub qhia qhov xwm txheej yooj yim thiab nug lawv FAE kom pom zoo cov khoom sib xws rau koj. Kev muag khoom yuav muab tus nqi siv rau koj (koj txiav txim siab nws tus kheej, thiab tom qab siv luv nqi, nws yuav yog tus nqi koj yuav tau txais yav tom ntej). Tom qab ntawd ua raws li cov kauj ruam kom thov kom lawv muab lossis yuav cov qauv los ntawm lawv. Yog tias koj yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum qhia koj qhov xwm txheej ua ntej. Yog tias koj tau siv cov khoom qub, koj yuav tsum tau "sau npe". Yog li koj yuav tsum xub tham nrog lawv txog qhov ua tau los ua lawv tus neeg siv khoom. Yog tias nws meej meej ua ntej, lawv yuav tsum muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los dhau mus. Yog tias ua tau, peb yuav tham txog kev ruaj ntseg zoo ntawm cov khoom (tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias qhov zoo feem ntau yog lav los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom qub), cov khoom muag thiab kev xa khoom, thiab thaum kawg tus nqi.

Qhov no yog qhov pib tsim nyog, yog li tus neeg sawv cev yuav nkag siab koj, saib koj rau nqi, thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham ntxiv. Kev nkag siab txog tus neeg sawv cev cov khoom muag thiab cov peev xwm muab khoom yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Txhua tus neeg sawv cev muaj nws txoj cai ua lag luam thiab kev tsom mus rau cov khoom. Cov neeg siv khoom xav tau thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb puas sib haum? Qhov no tseem ceeb. Lub koom haum loj muaj kev lag luam loj, tab sis qhov nws muaj tej zaum yuav tsis yog qhov koj xav tau. Kuj tseem muaj tus neeg sawv cev lub peev xwm kom tau txais cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov khoom tsis txaus. Kev tso ib qho kev txiav txim ntxov yuav tsis txhais tau tias tau txais cov khoom thaum ntxov, nws txhua yam nyob ntawm nws lub zog ntawm lub Hoobkas qub. Kuv ntseeg tias ntau tus neeg siv khoom tau saj qhov saj no. Yog tias cov khoom xa tuaj thiab kev xa khoom tau lees paub, qhov kawg yog tus nqi. Qhov laj thawj vim li cas tus nqi raug tham kawg tsis yog vim tus nqi tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis vim tias tsis muaj kev lees paub yav dhau los, tus nqi yog dej tsis muaj qhov chaw thiab tsob ntoo tsis muaj cag. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj tus nqi zoo yog dab tsi? Kev lag luam tivthaiv feem ntau tsis yog ib zaug xwb, thiab yav tom ntej ntev. Tus nqi tuaj yeem maj mam poob qis yav tom ntej Tus nqi qis, yog li vim li cas ho ntxhov siab? (Yuav ua li cas kom tus nqi qis yuav raug tham tom qab)

Yog li ntawd, kuv tus kheej lub tswv yim: Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg siv khoom yuav khoom yog qhov zoo, ua raws li kev xa khoom, thiab thaum kawg tus nqi. Thaum xaiv cov khoom los ntawm cov npe nrov, ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov zoo tau lees paub. Txawm tias muaj qee yam tsis raug qee zaum, yeej ib txwm muaj kev piav qhia thiab tsis tas yuav muaj ib tus neeg los ris lub luag haujlwm. Kev xa khoom raws sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev xa khoom ntxov cuam tshuam rau kev soj ntsuam cov khoom muag; kev xa khoom lig cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom. Tus nqi yog qhov kawg uas tau tham txog. Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog qhov zoo lossis kev xa khoom, tus thawj coj yuav tsis nkag siab: vim tias tus nqi zoo, qhov no yog qhov zam txim! Qhov sib txawv yog: Leej twg ua rau koj yuav qhov kev sib tham no, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo, kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom?

Thaum nrhiav tus khub, qhov kev txiav txim uas tus neeg yuav khoom paub txog yuav tsum saib xyuas cov khoom yuav tsum yog: qhov zoo, kev xa khoom thiab tus nqi. Nws nkag siab tias tus nqi tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yog tias qhov zoo tsis meej thiab kev xa khoom tsis zoo, qhov siv tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws yog dab tsi? Txawm tias tsis muaj teeb meem nrog qhov zoo, qhov taw tes ntawm kev npaj ntau cov khoom muag kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tsim khoom tas mus li yog dab tsi? Cov nqi ua haujlwm peev txheej ntxiv thiab cov nqi tswj hwm tej zaum yuav tau them rov qab qhov hu ua "tus nqi zoo". Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim khoom, yog tias nws siv tsawg dua lossis tsis siv lawm, qhov nce yuav ntau dua qhov poob! Yog li ntawd, tom qab paub tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus neeg sawv cev tus neeg siv khoom, koj yuav tsum xub xav txog qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom zoo. Tau kawg, yog tias koj yog lub npe nrov tshaj plaws, koj tsis tas yuav txhawj txog cov teeb meem no. Qhov teeb meem xa khoom tseem ceeb heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qee cov chips tseem ceeb, uas feem ntau tsis muaj lwm hom hloov. Thaum muaj qee yam tsis raug, nws yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag rau kev yuav khoom. Lub Hoobkas qub feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no. Kev xa khoom feem ntau yog 8 lub lis piam lossis 12 lub lis piam, thiab cov khoom muag yog cov neeg sawv cev ua. Yog li ntawd, kev ua kom muaj kev muab khoom tau dhau los ua teeb meem rau cov neeg sawv cev.

Lub sijhawm no, qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas yog tus neeg sawv cev cov neeg siv khoom ntau dua li lub zog nyiaj txiag, uas suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Vim tias txawm tias tus neeg sawv cev uas muaj zog nyiaj txiag zoo yuav tsis npaj cov khoom loj rau ib tus neeg siv khoom. Cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg sawv cev no. Yog tias cov khoom uas tus neeg sawv cev no feem ntau txhawb nqa thiab muag yog qhov koj xav tau, ces nws yog koj tus neeg muab khoom zoo tshaj plaws. Vim tias lawv muaj tib lub hauv paus neeg siv khoom, lawv feem ntau muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse hauv thaj chaw no, thiab lawv feem ntau muab rau koj qhov Kev daws teeb meem tag nrho tsis tau xav txog thaum koj tsim cov khoom. Lawv FAE ua si nrog cov chips no txhua hnub. Lawv paub txhua yam teeb meem uas cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau ntsib thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab tsim khoom. Thaum koj xav tau, lawv feem ntau tuaj yeem daws koj cov kev xav tau ceev. Vim tias lawv muaj tib lub hauv paus neeg siv khoom, cov neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem thov ntau yam khoom los ntawm lub Hoobkas qub thiab muaj lub zog sib tham zoo dua. Lawv feem ntau tuaj yeem tau txais tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm lub Hoobkas qub, uas tsim cov xwm txheej rau cov neeg siv khoom los tawm tsam rau lawv tus kheej cov nqi zoo. Vim tias muaj cov neeg siv khoom zoo li no, thaum tus tsim khoom qub tso tawm cov khoom tshiab, lawv yuav tsum yog thawj qhov lawv xav txog. Vim lawv muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse thiab muag khoom, cov khoom tshiab yuav raug xa mus rau lawv cov neeg siv khoom ua ntej. Ua li no koj cov khoom tshiab yuav ua tau zoo dua koj cov neeg sib tw ib kauj ruam.

Qhov thib plaub, vim nws muaj cov neeg siv khoom zoo ib yam, nws yuav npaj ntau yam khoom muag. Kev tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tshiab yuav ua rau nws ntseeg siab dua hauv kev npaj ntau yam khoom muag kom txaus. Koj qhov kev xa khoom yog qhov lav ntau dua. Qhov thib tsib, vim koj muaj cov neeg siv khoom zoo ib yam, nws yooj yim dua los hloov koj daim ntawv xaj. Lub sijhawm no, cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau yuav tsis mloog qhov nce, txo lossis txawm tias tshem tawm koj daim ntawv xaj (tab sis cov neeg sawv cev yuav txhawj xeeb heev txog koj khiav ib puag ncig thaum koj muaj daim ntawv xaj.). Qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Tsis txhob xav tias koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm daim ntawv xaj nrog tsuas yog ib qho xov tooj hu tsis tau them. Tsis muaj dab tsi koj tuaj yeem ua txog nws. Yog tias nws tsis ua haujlwm, kuv yuav nrhiav lwm tus neeg sawv cev. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias txoj hauv kev no muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis kawg! Tsuas muaj ob peb tus neeg muag khoom rau koj lub chip tseem ceeb. Yog tias koj nto moo, tus thawj tsim khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom yuav them sai sai rau koj. Txawm tias koj mus nrog daim ntawv xaj, lwm tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsis tos txais koj nrog luag nyav, vim tias yog tias koj tsis ceev faj, koj yuav khawb lub qhov rau lawv. Kev hloov pauv hauv khw feem ntau nyuaj rau nkag siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus neeg siv khoom tseem tsis tau yog tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam no. Tom qab tau txais daim ntawv xaj hnub no, kuv tau ua haujlwm hnyav los xaj, thov thiab nrhiav cov khoom. Tag kis tus neeg siv khoom daim ntawv xaj raug tshem tawm thiab koj xav txog kev tshem tawm daim ntawv xaj lossis txawm tias xa rov qab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev yuav khoom kom ib txwm xav txog kev ntxiv thiab tshem tawm cov ntawv xaj, thiab txav mus tom ntej thiab thim rov qab yam ywj pheej.

Nrog rau qhov zoo thiab kev xa khoom lav, nws yog lub sijhawm los tham txog tus nqi. Tus nqi yog qhov rhiab heev, thiab peb tsuas tuaj yeem sib tham tus nqi thaum txhua yam ua tiav. Tus nqi ntawm cov chips ib txwm yog nyob rau hauv tes ntawm cov neeg sawv cev. Tus nqi ntawm qee cov chips tseem ceeb feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv tes ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom qub, uas yuav muab cov nqi sib txawv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev raws li cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Yuav ua li cas kom tau txais tus nqi zoo los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom qub lossis tus neeg sawv cev? Yog tias koj yog tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam, koj tuaj yeem cia siab rau koj cov khoom tsim tawm thiab txoj haujlwm ua lag luam kom tau txais tus nqi koj xav tau. Yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg ntawd, tsis txhob txhawj. Feem ntau, ob lossis ntau dua cov chips hom yog siv los tsim cov khoom. Tus twg muaj tus nqi zoo dua, siv ntau dua, thiab tus uas muaj tus nqi qis dua, siv tsawg dua. Qhov no yog daim npav trump hauv koj txhais tes. Cov chaw tsim khoom qub thiab cov neeg sawv cev txhawj xeeb heev txog hom Share no. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias cov neeg siv khoom siv nws me ntsis, tab sis nws yeej tsis zoo siv nws nrog cov neeg sib tw! Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau thiab txhim kho qhov Share zoo li no, lawv yuav ua lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau. Haha, tus nqi yog qhov yooj yim los sib tham. Yog tias koj yog ib lub tuam txhab tsim qauv (ib lub tuam txhab uas tsim cov phiaj xwm lossis muag cov phiaj xwm), koj cov nyiaj yuav ncaj qha yuav tsis loj, tab sis koj lub hwj chim hauv kev ua lag luam thiab lub zog txhawb nqa tsis tuaj yeem raug kwv yees qis. Koj lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tias yog koj muab tus nqi zoo rau kuv, kuv yuav tsim koj cov chip rau hauv kuv qhov kev daws teeb meem. Yog tias tsis muaj tus nqi zoo, kuv yuav nrhiav lwm lub tuam txhab. Yog tias koj muaj cov peev txheej kev tswj hwm hauv kev lag luam, tau kawg koj tuaj yeem siv lawv tag nrho.

Yog tias koj tsis yog dab tsi thiab tsis muaj dab tsi li, ces koj yuav tsum tham nrog tus neeg sawv cev zoo. Cia peb saib seb tus neeg sawv cev puas tuaj yeem hloov qhov xwm txheej thiab ua rau koj nplua nuj? Muab cov khoom faib sib npaug ntawm cov neeg siv khoom loj. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas peb tuaj yeem tham txog yam tsis muaj laj thawj. Peb yuav tsum tos kom txog thaum cov dej tawm los.

Thaum nrhiav tus khub, qhov zoo nkauj dua qhov zoo dua, qhov tsim nyog dua yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tom qab kev xav txog tag nrho. Tib yam li ntawd rau kev nrhiav cov neeg muag khoom.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Niu Thaum kuv hu xov tooj dua, kuv teb tsis muaj siab ntev. Tom qab hais ob peb lo lus maj mam, kuv dai xov tooj dua. Nws zoo kawg nkaus li! Kuv yuav muab kev lag luam rau koj thiab tseem tsis quav ntsej. Haha, koj tsis tuaj yeem hais li ntawd. Txhua tsev neeg muaj cov lus qhia uas nyuaj rau hais. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsis paub tias qhov no kuj yog qhov kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev muag khoom. Cia kuv saib seb kuv qhov kev nkag siab puas tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov laj thawj? Lub hom phiaj muag khoom rau tus neeg muag khoom hauv lub koom haum yuav tsum yog dab tsi? Ntau tus neeg xav tias qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas tus thawj coj ntaus rau ntawm nws lub taub hau, tab sis kuv tsis xav li ntawd. Tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsuas muag khoom yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tuam txhab nws tus kheej. Tom qab kev muag khoom yog FAE, logistics, cov neeg ua haujlwm, logistics, tus thawj coj; chaw ua haujlwm, tsev rau khoom; kev lag luam thiab kev mus ncig. Peb tau siv los faib cov nuj nqis uas lawv raug ua cov nuj nqis muag khoom. Hom tuam txhab twg thiab hom kev muag khoom twg nws siv yuav muaj cov nuj nqis muag khoom sib xws. Ua ke nrog cov nyiaj tau los muag khoom, nws txiav txim siab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus muag khoom uas lub tuam txhab xav tau. Kev muag khoom faib ncaj qha yog lub tuam txhab lub hom phiaj muag khoom yooj yim tshaj plaws.

Saib cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tus lej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab no, txhua tus nkag siab tias lawv tsis yog cov neeg sawv cev me. Hauv cov tuam txhab loj no, tus kws ua haujlwm muag khoom ncaj qha xav tau kev hloov pauv txhua xyoo txog li 4 lab daus las Asmeskas. Yog tias suav cov se ntxiv, nws yuav tsum muaj RMB muag khoom kwv yees li 30 lab yuan. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias nws xav tau 3 lab hauv kev muag khoom ib hlis. Cov haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm tus neeg muag khoom ib txwm muaj xws li: tau txais ntau cov email, thiab ntau ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau teb. Feem ntau 2/3 yog nyob hauv lub tuam txhab thiab 1/3 yog los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Muaj ntau lub rooj sib tham sab hauv ntawm lub tuam txhab txhua lub lim tiam; kev txhawb nqa cov khoom tshiab thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab (tsis muaj cov khoom tshiab, yuav tsis muaj kev muag khoom yav tom ntej); qhia txog cov haujlwm tsis ntev los no rau lub Hoobkas qub; mus ntsib cov neeg siv khoom ib txwm, tau txais cov xaj, thiab tso cov xaj nrog cov neeg muag khoom tom qab sau luv luv. Kev kho (tshem tawm lossis ntxiv), ua kom sai, xa khoom, them rov qab, thiab lwm yam. Ua li no, tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem muaj sijhawm ntau npaum li cas los daws nrog tus neeg siv khoom tshiab txhua hnub? Thov nkag siab ib leeg, lawv kuj qaug zog tag nrho hnub. Lawv paub zoo heev: Txhua qhov kev muag khoom feem ntau vam khom ob lossis peb tus neeg siv khoom loj kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg sawv cev kuj paub tias 10% lossis txawm tias 5% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav 90% lossis ntau dua ntawm lub tuam txhab lub hom phiaj. Ntau tus neeg siv khoom tsis muaj zog.

Qhov kev muag khoom hnyav yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb, thiab nws kuj yog qhov laj thawj ncaj ncees. Tau kawg, kuj muaj cov laj thawj subjective. Qee tus neeg muag khoom muaj kev xav tom qab ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo, vim tias lub tuam txhab loj vim lawv loj, thiab lawv xav tias lub tuam txhab muaj zog vim lawv muaj zog. Haha, yog tias koj ua tau qhov no yog tias koj pib koj tus kheej lub tuam txhab, qhov ntawd yuav zoo kawg nkaus! Qhov no yog lwm lub tswv yim. Tus neeg siv khoom thiab tus neeg sawv cev tau sib txuas lus rov qab los ntawm xov tooj, thiab ua ntej lawv paub nws, tus neeg sawv cev muag khoom tau ua tiav kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus neeg siv khoom yav tom ntej. Yog tias koj tsis txaus siab heev, koj yuav pom txoj hauv kev los daws nws. Txij li thaum tus neeg sawv cev tsis txaus siab heev, tsis tas yuav tsum rau tus neeg siv khoom thov tsis txaj muag. "Yog tias koj tsis yog tus neeg siv khoom loj, vim li cas koj tsis tiv tauj lawv?" Kuv xav tias qhov ntawd yog qhov teeb meem. Cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg sawv cev kuj yuav tsum sib phim zoo. Tus neeg sawv cev tsis tau txhais hais tias nws muaj cov khoom koj xav tau, thiab nws tsis tau txhais hais tias nws yuav muag rau koj thaum nws muaj cov khoom. Tsis txhob xav tias lub tuam txhab loj txhais tau tias muaj ntau yam khoom. Lub tuam txhab loj heev, thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov ntau npaum li cas es tsis yog ntau yam khoom. Tsis muaj tus neeg sawv cev twg xav qhib lub khw muag tshuaj Suav uas muag txhua yam. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho teeb meem rau "cov neeg muag khoom catalog." Txhua tus neeg sawv cev cia siab tias yuav muag rau cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau nrog cov ntau yam sib xyaw ua ke. Cov neeg muag khoom ib txwm siv rau nws, yog li cia lawv qhia qee yam kev txawj tshwj xeeb.

Lub semiconductor yog dab tsi? Thaum koj nrog cov neeg sawv cev tham, koj yuav tsum tau sib tham txog tus nqi thaum kawg. Ua ntej koj yuav sib tham txog tus nqi, koj yuav tsum kawm ntxiv txog lub semiconductor yog dab tsi. Nws yuav pab tau thaum koj sib tham txog tus nqi! Lub semiconductor yog dab tsi? Cov xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab qhia peb tias "cov khoom (lossis cov khoom siv) ntawm tus neeg coj thiab tus insulator yog semiconductor. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, lub zog hluav taws xob raug siv rau ob qho kawg ntawm ib yam khoom. Yog tias muaj tam sim no ntws los ntawm nruab nrab, nws yog tus neeg coj, thiab yog tias tsis muaj tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws, nws yog tus insulator. . Ib qho ntawm ob qho yog semiconductor. Peb paub tias ib qho ntawm qhov siab thiab luv yog qhov nruab nrab, thiab ib qho ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog dej sov. Tab sis qhov twg yog qhov ntawm tam sim no thiab tsis muaj tam sim no? ? Nws tsis meej heev! Yog tias nws nyob ntawd, nws nyob ntawd, thiab yog tias nws tsis nyob ntawd, nws tsis yog! Tam sim no muaj qhov sib txawv, kuv tam sim ntawd xav tias semiconductors yog qhov paub tsis meej heev. Tej zaum tus xib fwb xav tias peb cov kev paub yooj yim tsis txaus thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, lossis lwm yam. Kuv yig thiab tsis piav qhia. Thaum kuv nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tus xib fwb tsis tau hais txog nws. Tej zaum kuv xav tias lo lus nug no yooj yim dhau. Kuv xav nug nws hauv chav kawm, tab sis kuv ntshai tias lo lus nug yuav dhau lawm ua me nyuam yaus thiab kuv yuav raug luag ntxhi. Tus xib fwb hauv chav kawm tsis nyob qhov twg, yog li qhov teeb meem tseem nyob.

Tom qab ua haujlwm tau ob peb xyoos, muaj ib hnub kuv lub hlwb mam li pom kev rau kuv. Ua cas kuv thiaj raug dag! Yeej tsis muaj "semi" conductor hauv ntiaj teb no. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom hu ua "semiconductor" kuj yog ib qho conductor. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg, sim siv lub zog hluav taws xob rau ob qho kawg ntawm ib daim monocrystalline silicon lossis polycrystalline silicon. Tseem yuav muaj tam sim no ntws los ntawm nruab nrab, tab sis nws yeej tsis yog Nruab nrab ntawm ob, muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob ntawd thiab tsis muaj dab tsi nyob ntawd. Qhov tseeb, cov yam ntxwv tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom no tau pom thaum lawv cov nplaim raug kho: ib qho nplaim "rho tawm" qee cov electrons thiab tawm qee qhov "qhov" los qhia qhov polarity zoo (zoo), thiab lwm qhov nplaim txhaj qee cov electrons los ua rau lawv zoo. Nws muaj polarity tsis zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd ob qho nplaim kho tau sib cuag ze los tsim "kev sib tshuam", uas yog qhov hu ua PN sib tshuam. Lub pob caus no zoo kawg nkaus thiab qhia nws tus cwj pwm tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob zoo siv rau qhov sib tshuam no, nws qhov tsis kam me me heev thiab nws zoo li yog ib qho conductor zoo; thaum lub zog tsis zoo siv, nws qhov kev tiv thaiv loj heev thiab nws zoo li yog "insulator". Tej zaum vim li no lo lus "semiconductor" thiaj li los ua. Qhov kev taw qhia mus tom ntej yog tus neeg coj, thiab qhov kev taw qhia rov qab zoo li yog tus insulator. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov yam ntxwv tam sim no thiab voltage tsis ua raws li Ohm txoj cai tsis hais seb puas muaj lub zog zoo lossis lub zog tsis zoo siv. Nws tus nqi tiv thaiv tsis yog tus nqi tas mus li, tab sis hloov pauv nrog kev hloov pauv tam sim no thiab voltage. Ntxiv cov xov hlau rau ob qho kawg ntawm nws yog qhov hu ua diode.

Kev faib cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev sib txuas no ua rau muaj ntau hom diodes. Cov uas siv cov yam ntxwv pem hauv ntej suav nrog rectifier diodes, reference diodes, switching diodes, damping diodes, Schottky diodes, photosensitive diodes, thiab lwm yam. Tau kawg, cov nrov tshaj plaws thiab zam yog Nws yog lub teeb-emitting diode (LED). Cov feem ntau uas siv cov yam ntxwv rov qab yog zener diodes, isolation (protection) diodes, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias qhov kev sib txuas no ua me me, nws yog qhov hu ua "small signal diode", thiab yog tias nws ua loj, nws yog qhov hu ua "power diode". Txuas ob lub pob caus kawg mus rau qhov kawg lossis ko taw mus rau ko taw, thiab txuas ib txoj hlua ntawm qhov kev sib txuas kom dhau los ua triode. Nco ntsoov: Yog tias lub taub hau thiab tus pin txuas nrog, nws tsis muaj dab tsi, nws tsuas yog ob lub diodes txuas nrog series. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm transistors nyuaj dua, thiab lawv cov ntawv thov ntau dua. Kev sib xyaw cov diodes, transistors, thiab lwm yam raws li kev xav tau sib txawv yog lub voj voog sib xyaw, feem ntau hu ua: IC. Thaum pib, cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas uas tau tsim lub semiconductor tau siv txoj kev no hauv chav kuaj mob. Ib qho tau ua rau hauv ib qho chaw tiaj tiaj, thiab lwm qhov tau ua rau hauv ib daim duab soj ntsuam thiab nias nruj rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lwm qhov kom tsim tau ib qho PN junction. Cov khoom tsim tom qab kev lag luam tsis tau siv txoj kev no kiag li. Tsuas yog nrhiav ib daim hlau nrog kev kho saum npoo thiab txuas lawv ua ke yuav tsis tsim cov xwm txheej no. Ib yam li ntawd, yas thiab lwm yam insulators yuav tsis ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam khoom siv yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Tam sim no feem ntau ntseeg tias tsuas yog peb yam khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb muaj cov khoom no, silicon, germanium, thiab ib qho tshuaj hu ua gallium arsenide. Cov no yog cov khoom siv semiconductor. Ntawm lawv, silicon yog qhov siv ntau tshaj plaws, vim tias nws cov kev ua tau zoo dua raws li cov kev xav tau thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov khoom nrog nws yooj yim dua thiab tus nqi qis dua. Txog tam sim no tsuas muaj "Silicon Valley" tab sis tsis yog "Germanium Valley" thiab "Gallium Arsenide Valley". Silicon los qhov twg? xuab zeb! Yog li kev lag luam semiconductor yeej tig xuab zeb mus rau hauv kub. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv tseem muaj ib lo lus nug uas kuv tseem tsis tau paub. Lub neej ntawm cov khoom semiconductor yog "semi-infinite". Qhov no txhais li cas? Hauv kev xav, nws yog ntawm chav kawm ntawm finite thiab infinite, tab sis leej twg paub dab tsi nyob nruab nrab?

5. Tus nqi ntawm IC Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg sawv cev, kev sib tham txog tus nqi yog qhov tsis zam thaum kawg. Tam sim no peb tau nkag siab txog cov khoom siv semiconductor, peb kuj tseem yuav nkag siab txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom semiconductor, uas yuav pab tau thaum sib tham txog tus nqi! Kev tsim khoom IC feem ntau suav nrog: kev tsim khoom, kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua tiav. Kev tsim khoom yog tsim cov khoom sib xws raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam, thiab kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua tiav yog tig cov khoom tsim los ua cov khoom tiag tiag. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua tiav feem ntau muab faib ua cov txheej txheem pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab. Qhov hu ua pem hauv ntej-kawg yog kev tsim cov chips; qhov hu ua back-kawg yog kev ntim khoom, kev sim, thiab kev ntim cov chips rau hauv cov khoom kawg. Cov nqi tsim khoom suav nrog: cov nqi tsim cov txheej txheem thiab cov nqi tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, kev tsim IC zoo li kev ua cov ncuav mog qab zib steamed. Qee tus kws ua zaub mov tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua ntau hom ncuav mog qab zib nrog cov khoom sib txawv, cov duab, qhov loj me, thiab xim raws li cov neeg siv khoom nyiam (kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam). Qee tus kws ua zaub mov tsuas yog steamed buns, thiab tsim cov kub sib txawv, lub sijhawm, thiab cov nqi steamed raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ncuav mog qab zib sib txawv kom ua rau cov ncuav mog qab zib steamed zoo. Tus thawj coj yav dhau los zoo li kev tsim khoom IC, thiab tus thawj coj tom kawg yog sib npaug rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem IC. Vim tias cov kev pabcuam tsim khoom IC tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov siab, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no. Lawv tsim cov txheej txheem txheem, yog li cov tuam txhab IC tsuas yog yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev tsim khoom.

Ua li no, cov nqi tsim kho ib txwm kuj yog cov nqi tsim khoom. Qhov no ntawm cov nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nqis peev yog siab heev. Cov kev pheej hmoo no feem ntau tsis yog los ntawm thev naus laus zis nws tus kheej tab sis los ntawm kev ua lag luam, uas yog, seb cov khoom koj tsim puas tau txais los ntawm kev ua lag luam. Yog tias cov khoom tsim tau txais los ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov nqi tsim kho faib los ntawm tag nrho cov muag khoom feem ntau tsis tseem ceeb. Tab sis yog tias nws tsis tau txais los ntawm kev ua lag luam, ces cov kev nqis peev no zoo li raug pov rau hauv dej. Muaj ib qho xwm txheej txawv txawv. Cov khoom uas siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis tshiab yuav tsis nrov nrog cov neeg siv khoom, thiab cov khoom uas tau txais los ntawm kev ua lag luam feem ntau raug thuam los ntawm qee tus kws tshaj lij. Piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog ib txwm muaj. Cov nqi khoom siv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov nqi ntim khoom. Kev ua cov khoom siv yog zoo ib yam li kev ua cov ncuav qab zib. Yog tias lub peev xwm yog ua kom 50 lub ncuav qab zib ib zaug, ces seb koj ua kom ib lub ncuav qab zib ib zaug lossis ua kom 50 lub ncuav qab zib, tus nqi yeej zoo ib yam. Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias cov nqi poob qis ntawm cov khoom siv yog ib qho haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau cov zis tawm. Qhov kev poob nqi rau kev tsim 10,000 units thiab 100,000 units hauv tib lub sijhawm yog tib yam, tab sis qhov piv ntawm kev them rov qab yog 10 npaug sib txawv. Yog tias lwm yam sib npaug, tus nqi yuav txawv ntawm 10. Lub sijhawm poob nqi ib txwm rau cov khoom siv IC yog 4 xyoos (lossis 5 xyoos), thiab tus nqi kim heev. Cov nqi IC yog sib npaug rau kev siv peev xwm.

Tib lub sijhawm, ICs yog ua rau ntawm silicon wafers. Hauv qab tib thaj chaw silicon chip, qhov me dua thaj chaw ntawm ib qho IC, qhov ntau dua ntawm cov ICs muaj nyob rau ntawm silicon chip. Silicon wafers ntawm tib qhov loj me yog tsim nrog cov kab sib txawv, thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg sib txawv heev. Tus nqi ua tiav ntawm txhua silicon wafer yog tib yam. Tus lej ntau dua, qhov qis dua tus nqi ntawm txhua IC. Qhov no yog vim li cas qhov dav ntawm kab ntawm ICs poob qis heev, thiab zoo li tsis muaj qhov kawg pom. Kev txo nqi yog lub zog tsav tsheb muaj zog tshaj plaws. Tus nqi ntawm IC yog qhov dav ntawm kab. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm silicon wafer nce, nws thaj chaw nce squarely, tus lej ntawm ICs ntawm silicon wafer nce ze li squarely, thiab tus nqi dhau chip nce tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog vim li cas thaj chaw ntawm silicon wafers tau txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv ntau xyoo: 5 nti, 6 nti, 8 nti, 12 nti ... IC txo nqi yog kom txo qhov loj ntawm silicon wafers. Kev txo qhov loj ntawm lub pob khoom kuj yog ib qho kev txav mus los, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom me dua thiab sib dua xwb, tab sis kuj txo cov nqi ntim khoom ntau heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv fais fab. Vim yog qhov ntim khoom loj, tus nqi ntim khoom suav nrog ib feem loj ntawm tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Tom qab tag nrho, cov ntaub ntawv yog nyiaj, thiab cov no tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj.

Kev txo qhov dav thiab qhov ntim ntawm kab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ICs digital. Thaum txo qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws kuj ua rau lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem rau lub zog ICs. Koj puas tau pom tias qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm tam sim no 7805 tsis zoo li yav dhau los? Yog lawm, tsuas yog tias nws qhov tso zis siab tshaj plaws tau poob los ntawm thawj 1.5A mus rau tam sim no 1A, qhov qub zog rau kev tswj hwm sab hauv tau yuav luag ploj mus thaum thaj chaw chip shrinks. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov ntim thawj zaug yog tag nrho-hlau TO-3, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yog yas + hlau TO-220. Tam sim no feem ntau ntawm lawv yog tag nrho-yas TO-220F, uas txo qhov hnyav, qhov loj me, thiab tus nqi. Nws yuav ua tsis tiav tam sim ntawd thaum nws overloaded. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tseem tsim cov khoom raws li koj cov cwj pwm qub, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau kev khiav mus rau hauv teeb meem. Yuav luag txhua lub zog, suav nrog ICs, transistors (MOSFETs, bipolar transistors, diodes), thiab lwm yam, muaj cov teeb meem zoo li no. Yav dhau los, cov chaw tsim khoom tau muab rau koj qhov qhia thiab tawm qee qhov ntug rau nws. Tam sim no nws muab rau koj ib qho cim qhia tiag tiag. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv. Koj yuav tsum khaws qhov sib txawv koj tus kheej! Txwv tsis pub koj xaiv xxxxA, lossis zoo dua xxxxB. Tau kawg, cov nqi kuj tau nce siab. Lo lus zoo: kev ua thawj coj thiab kev tsim kho tshiab; lo lus tsis zoo: txiav cov ces kaum!

6. Kev Xaiv Khoom Muaj ntau tus neeg xav tias kev yuav khoom yog lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj tus nqi thiab kev sib tham, tab sis kuv tsis xav li ntawd. Qhov tseeb, lub hauv paus ntawm kev tswj tus nqi tsis nyob hauv tes ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Thaum BOM nyob hauv tes ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, nws twb tau siav lawm, thiab nws yog qhov tseeb. Kev txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tus yuam sij rau kev tswj tus nqi nyob hauv R&D. Yog tias koj xav tau tsim lossis hloov kho cov khoom, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom twg (qhov chaw) thiab los ntawm leej twg? Txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav lawm yav tom ntej. Kuv xav tias kev xaiv khoom yuav tsum sim cia siab rau cov khoom uas muaj ntau lawm thiab cov nqi sib tw tag nrho ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov khoom siv fais fab, microcontrollers, interface circuits, txawm tias relays, sensors, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv rau kev siv, suav nrog TVs, khoos phis tawj, ntsiav tshuaj, cua txias, induction cookers, chaw taws teeb tswj, tsheb kauj vab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab nqus tsev, hluav taws xob meters, dej meters, wireless routers, computer monitors, printers Thiab qee cov khoom digital thiab lwm yam. Lawv siv cov khoom twg? Yog tias cov khoom no ua tau, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov no yam tsis muaj kev yig. Vim li cas? Vim tias cov khoom no raug tsim tawm ntau heev, lawv muaj kev nkag siab txog tus nqi heev. Yog tias tus nqi tsis siab thiab qhov zoo tsis txhim khu kev qha txaus, lawv yuav tsis siv dav. Hauv qhov no, tau kawg peb tsis tas yuav nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev. Txawm hais tias peb yuav tsis tau txais tib tus nqi los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no, tus nqi tag nrho ntawm cov ntau yam no yuav tsum yog qhov sib tw tshaj plaws. Tib lub sijhawm, vim muaj ntau, yuav muaj ntau lub chaw tsim khoom qub muab cov khoom zoo sib xws lossis sib xws, yog li kev muab khoom thiab tus nqi yuav tsis lav ntau dua yav tom ntej? Thaum koj muaj lub hom phiaj chip, nws yog ib lo lus nug ntawm leej twg xaiv los ntawm. Tsis txhob kwv yees leej twg xaiv los ntawm. Leej twg xaiv los ntawm yuav txiav txim siab leej twg yuav khoom los ntawm yav tom ntej. Txij li thaum lub Hoobkas thawj zaug feem ntau siv lub kaw lus sau npe rau kev tswj hwm cov neeg sawv cev, uas yog, thaum tus neeg siv khoom thiab tus neeg sawv cev tau txais kev pom zoo, tus neeg siv khoom tau sau npe ua tus neeg siv khoom ntawm tus neeg sawv cev. Lub sijhawm no, lwm tus neeg sawv cev tsis tuaj yeem muab cov kev pabcuam thiab cov khoom rau tus neeg siv khoom no yam tsis muaj xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Ib yam li ntawd, tus neeg siv khoom no nrhiav tsis tau lwm tus neeg sawv cev uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Hauv ntej, thaum ob tog lees paub lawv lub hom phiaj los koom tes, tus neeg siv khoom yuav dhau los ua tus neeg siv khoom ntawm ib lub koom haum. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ceev faj txog leej twg koj xaiv cov khoom los ntawm. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tso qhov teeb meem no rau kev yuav khoom. Feem ntau, lawv paub zoo dua li cov kws ua haujlwm R&D, thiab nws kuj yog lawv lub luag haujlwm.

Ceev faj: Kev pom zoo txhais li cas? Qee zaum koj xav tias kuv nyuam qhuav sab laj nrog FAE ntawm lub koom haum no txog qee qhov teeb meem kev siv tshuab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas kuv thov yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib txuas lus tab sis tsis tau lees paub kev koom tes yav tom ntej. Vim li cas kuv thiaj li tau sau npe ua tus neeg siv khoom ntawm lub koom haum no? Tab sis tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsis pom nws li no. Nws tau muab cov kev pabcuam rau koj, thiab koj tsis yog tus neeg siv khoom ntawm lwm tus neeg sawv cev. Tau kawg, koj yog nws tus neeg siv khoom, thiab kev txiav txim yav tom ntej tsuas yog tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm no. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum ob tog yuav tsum tau them sai sai thiab sim piav qhia tej yam ua ntej kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis meej pem thiab ua rau txhua tus neeg tsis zoo siab yav tom ntej. Tus neeg siv khoom muaj tus cwj pwm zoo. Thaum nws tsis tau txiav txim siab tias tus neeg sawv cev twg yuav koom tes nrog yav tom ntej, kev sib txuas lus yuav tsum tsis txhob tob dhau kom tsis txhob muaj kev nkag siab yuam kev. Tau kawg, qee tus neeg sawv cev kuj yuav tsum ua siab dawb siab zoo dua. Yog tias nws tsis yog qhov ntau dhau, tsis txhob txhawj txog nws. Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem tiv tauj tus neeg tsim khoom qub ncaj qha, tab sis yog tias nws tsis yog tus neeg siv khoom loj txaus, tus neeg tsim khoom qub feem ntau qhia tus neeg siv khoom rau lawv tus neeg sawv cev. Xav txog nws, cia tus neeg tsim khoom qub pom zoo tus neeg sawv cev, lossis nrhiav nws tus kheej ncaj qha? Lub Hoobkas Dayuan feem ntau muaj cov npe ntev ntawm cov neeg sawv cev. Lawv muaj chaw ua haujlwm thiab ceg yuav luag thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Kuv yuav tsum nrhiav leej twg? Qhov xwm txheej ntawm txhua tus neeg sawv cev txawv, thiab cov txheej txheem muag khoom thiab cov tswv yim kuj txawv heev. Ib txhia nplua nuj heev, tig lawv txhais tes mus rau hauv huab thiab nag, thiab xav ua cov khoom lag luam loj thiab ua cov khoom lag luam loj. Ib txhia xav tsom mus rau qee qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, vam tias yuav ua tus thawj coj hauv daim teb no thiab nyob hauv peb feem peb ntawm ib daim av no. Yog tias cov xaj yav tom ntej loj, lub zog nyiaj txiag ntawm tus neeg sawv cev kuj yuav raug sim. Yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem zoo li no, koj yuav tsum xav txog tus neeg sawv cev nrog cov khoom lag luam mob siab rau thiab kev tshaj lij thiab kev txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse. Cov neeg sawv cev tshaj lij feem ntau muaj peev xwm muab cov lus qhia tshaj lij zoo dua. Piv txwv li: qee cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab pheej yig dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis. vim li cas? Vim tias nws muaj ntau tus neeg siv khoom rau tus qauv no thiab muaj ntau yam khoom, tus nqi zoo dua. Qee zaum, cov neeg sawv cev yuav coj qee tus neeg siv khoom hluav taws xob qis kom siv nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Rau cov neeg siv, vim li cas ho tsis xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab dua ntawm tus nqi qub lossis qis dua? Tus nqi zoo dua, kev ntseeg siab siab, thiab kev tswj cov khoom muag kuj yooj yim. Rau tus neeg sawv cev, ua li no nws qhov zoo dua hauv kev tau txais cov khoom tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, thiab tib lub sijhawm, kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom muag tuaj yeem txo qis (cov hom tsawg dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom muag qis dua).

Tau kawg, muaj lwm qhov taw qhia rau cov neeg sawv cev. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov cuab yeej zoo li no thiab tus nqi zoo li no ntxiv rau kuv qhov twg? Kuv tsuas yog tuav ib feem peb ntawm ib daim av no. Pab lwm tus thiab koj tus kheej, txhua tus zoo siab! (Thov txim, tam sim no nws feem ntau hu ua "yeej-yeej") Yuav kom khaws tau peb daim av no, tus neeg sawv cev kuj ua haujlwm hnyav thiab siv nyiaj txaus. FAE txaus thiab tshaj lij feem ntau yog lawv txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb. Tau kawg, qhov no yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom. FAE tshaj lij tuaj yeem muab cov kev pabcuam tshaj lij dawb rau kev txhim kho khoom thiab kev txhim kho. Los ntawm kev tsim qauv siv mus rau Tag Nrho Cov Kev daws teeb meem. Yog tias muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom, peb ib txwm hu xov tooj thiab tuaj yeem daws lawv sai sai. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ntau dua txog qib kev pabcuam zoo li cas? Vim yog ntau yam sib xyaw, cov neeg sawv cev no tau npaj zoo. Lawv feem ntau tso cov xaj tsis yog raws li cov neeg siv khoom xaj los ntawm lub Hoobkas qub, tab sis raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau kev kwv yees. Qee zaum, lawv kuj tseem yuav siv qhov zoo ntawm tus nqi zoo kom tau txais ntau yam khoom raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov ntawm lub Hoobkas qub. Ua li no, cov neeg siv khoom thov rau cov khoom tau lees paub txhua lub sijhawm. Qee zaum kev lav phib xa khoom thiab kev xa khoom raws sijhawm tseem ceeb dua li tus nqi. Kuj muaj kev paub zoo ib yam li cov microcontrollers (MCUs) (ceev faj, niaj hnub no cov tshuab 8-bit feem ntau pheej yig dua li cov tshuab 4-bit).

Cov neeg sawv cev muab cov chips uas tam sim no siv ntau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib lossis ob lub chips nrog lub cim xeeb loj thiab ntau qhov interfaces los tswj txhua yam khoom. Npaj ib lub PCB sib koom ua ke thiab rov sau cov kev pab cuam sib txawv rau cov khoom sib txawv. Yog tias koj kuj xav tau A/D conversion interface, tus nqi ntawm microcontroller nrog A/D interface yog txawv kiag li. yuav ua li cas? Hmoov zoo, yog tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis siab, tus neeg sawv cev FAE yuav pom zoo rau lub voj voog me me uas tuaj yeem ua qauv A/D interface nrog peb ntu, thiab qhov teeb meem no yuav daws tau. Kuv yuav tsum ua li cas yog tias cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab kuv nrhiav tsis tau cov khoom siv rau ib ntus? Muaj ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: thaum xaiv cov khoom, sim hloov kho rau cov khoom es tsis txhob cia cov khoom hloov kho rau kuv. Lub ntsiab lus yog dab tsi? Thaum xaiv cov qauv, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj ntau tus neeg sawv cev thiab mloog lawv cov lus qhia FAE thiab Kev Muag Khoom. Yog tias koj xav xaiv MOSFET, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav seb cov qauv tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau siv hauv qhov ntau ntawm daim ntawv thov xav tau yog dab tsi? Yog tias cov kev cai tseem ceeb ua tau raws li cov kev cai thov tab sis qee qhov kev cai tsis zoo tagnrho, koj puas tuaj yeem xav txog txoj hauv kev los ua qee qhov kev hloov pauv? Piv txwv li: yog tias qhov hluav taws xob xau loj thiab qhov tsis kam ntawm lub zog loj, ua ntej saib seb puas kov yeej tau? Puas ua tau kom kho lub voj voog kom haum rau lub cuab yeej no? Hauv cov khoom lag luam ntev ntawm lub Hoobkas qub, muaj ntau yam khoom siv uas tau tsom mus rau qee lub khw txawv teb chaws thiab cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Lawv tsis pom zoo hauv kev lag luam Suav teb thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsis tshua siv.

Yog tias koj tsuas xav tias nws yooj yim heev rau koj daim ntawv thov thiab xaiv tus qauv no, koj yuav muaj teeb meem tsis kawg. Nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau lub lis piam los thov cov qauv. Vim tias tus thawj tsim khoom tsis pom zoo nws, nws tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv qauv thiab FAE tsis muaj nws ntawm tes. PP xaj yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua. Yog tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus xaj ntau npaum li cas (MOQ) tsis tau txog, tus neeg sawv cev puas yuav tswj hwm qhov ntau ntxiv lossis koj puas yuav khaws nws? Yog tias PP tsis mus zoo thiab lwm PP xav tau tab sis qhov ntau ntxiv thawj tseem ploj lawm, nws yuav nyuaj dua. Zoo, PP thaum kawg tau dhau mus, thiab qhov teeb meem MP tau tshwm sim. Qhov Kev Kwv Yees yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb thiab PO tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Nws nyuaj rau cov neeg siv khoom tam sim no ua qhov no. Zoo, txawm tias koj ua nws. Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog lub Hoobkas thawj qhov kev xa khoom, ces nws yuav yog qhov quaj rau tsis muaj lus teb txhua hnub, thiab quaj rau qhov ua tsis tiav! Kuv tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom thiab hloov pauv qhov twg? Leej twg tuaj yeem pab koj? Yog tias koj tos txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo los sib tham txog tus nqi, koj tuaj yeem sib tham txog kev yuav khoom li cas? Nws yog ib qho kev txaj muag loj heev rau tus neeg sawv cev kom khaws tus nqi qub, vim tias lawv tus kheej twb tau raug hlawv lawm! Thaum cov khoom tuaj txog, cov neeg siv khoom tsis tuaj tos lawv raws sijhawm; thaum cov khoom muag ploj mus, cov neeg siv khoom qw thiab yws. Leej twg yuav ris tau? Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv cov khoom R&D yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum txhim kho thiab tsim cov khoom. Kev xaiv cov khoom "tsim" yuav tau txais ob npaug ntawm qhov tshwm sim nrog ib nrab ntawm kev siv zog. Thaum koj tau xaiv tus qauv, koj yuav tuaj yeem ua kev yuav khoom yav tom ntej tau yooj yim; txwv tsis pub, nws yuav nyuaj rau tawm.

Yog leej twg xav tias kev txo nqi tsuas yog hais txog kev ncua sijhawm them nyiaj los ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab ua si lom zem xwb, ces lawv yuav raug saib tsis taus. Zoo dua yog tias lawv muaj kev pom deb, pab tau koj tus kheej, thiab lwm tus hwm lawv.

Tus nqi thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom dav dav Thaum nrog cov neeg sawv cev tham, nws yog qhov tsis zam kom sib tham txog tus nqi thaum kawg. Tam sim no peb tau nkag siab txog cov khoom semiconductor thiab lawv cov nqi sib xyaw, cia peb rov qab mus rau kev lag luam. Peb nkag siab tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog txiav txim los ntawm kev ua lag luam es tsis yog tus nqi hu ua (tshwj tsis yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb). Txawm tias peb nkag siab txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no thiab muaj lub tswv yim ntawm nws, tsis tas yuav hais txog nws thaum tham txog tus nqi, vim tias tus nqi yog tus neeg sib tw txoj kev lag luam thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau koj! Koj hais nws, tab sis lwm tog tsis zoo siab. Tus nqi ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom yog 1 yuan. Txawm tias tus nqi tsuas yog 1 xees, nws yuav tsis muag rau koj rau 9 xees. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias nws tus nqi yog 2 yuan, koj yuav tsis tso ib qho kev txiav txim rau nws ntawm 2 yuan ruam. Qhov laj thawj yog yooj yim, kev ua lag luam txiav txim siab tus nqi thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau tus nqi. Leej twg peb yuav tsum yuav cov khoom nrog tus nqi ua lag luam ntawm 1 yuan, tus neeg sawv cev? Tus tub luam? Rau ib yam khoom uas muaj tus nqi lag luam yog 1 yuan, peb puas tuaj yeem siv zog kom tau tus nqi ntawm 9 xees 8, 9 xees 5, lossis qis dua?

Kuv xav tias peb tuaj yeem faib cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau yuav ua ob pawg: lub hom phiaj dav dav thiab lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Qhov hu ua universal yog hais txog qee cov khoom tsim los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab uas tuaj yeem ua tau universal thiab sib xws. Xws li: 78xx series, 74xxxx logic series, thiab qee cov operational amplifiers, voltage comparators, MOSFETs, diodes, transistors, thiab lwm yam. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no yog: tus nqi qis, muaj zog versatility, thiab ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom. Rau kev yuav cov khoom no, kuv xav tias nws zoo dua los yuav los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom. Cov neeg muag khoom hais txog ntawm no xa mus rau cov tuam txhab uas muaj qee qhov ntsuas, ntau qhov chaw muag khoom, thiab kev lav tom qab muag, tib yam hauv qab no. (Qee tus tub luam tam sim no me me hauv qhov ntsuas thiab tsis muaj chaw muag khoom thiab feem ntau nrhiav cov khoom raws li cov neeg siv khoom xaj. Lub neej ntawm cov tuam txhab no yuav tsum muaj lawv qhov laj thawj thiab tus nqi. Kuv tuaj yeem siv lawv lub zog li cas rau kuv qhov kom zoo dua? Peb yuav tham txog nws tom qab.) Koj tuaj yeem sim nrhiav tus neeg sawv cev nrog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 7805 1kk thiab saib seb lawv puas txais tos koj nrog luag nyav. Vim li cas? Vim tias txawm tias lub lag luam no tuaj yeem pib ua tiav, 1KK tsuas yog yuav raug nqi li ntawm 100K ib hlis xwb. Txawm tias tus nqi ib chav yog $ 0.10, nws yog ib lub lag luam ntawm 10,000 Asmeskas duas las. Yog tias muaj 5% ntawm cov nyiaj tau los tag nrho, nws tsuas yog yuav raug nqi 3,000 RMB xwb

Cia peb saib tus neeg sawv cev no dua. Ua ntej, lawv yuav tsum ua Kev Kwv Yees rau cov chaw tsim khoom qub. Rau cov khoom no uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus kev siv tshuab, tus nqi qis, thiab tsis "ua" nyiaj, cov chaw tsim khoom qub feem ntau faib lawv. Kev kwv yees ua los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau raug thaiv. Ib rab riam; Kuv thaum kawg tswj hwm hloov nws mus rau PO, thiab lub Hoobkas qub yuav tsis lees paub lub sijhawm xa khoom rau koj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj pom nws hauv lub kaw lus, koj yuav npaj txhij los muab daim ntawv pov thawj thiab khaws cov khoom; yog tias nws qeeb hauv lub kaw lus, koj tsis tas yuav maj nrawm. Txawm tias koj yaum kuv, tsis muaj leej twg yuav mloog koj. Yog li, yog tias koj tuaj txog ntxov, koj yuav tsum nqa nws thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom. Qhov no hnyav thiab siv qhov chaw. Thaum kuv tuaj txog lig, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj ceeb toom kuv txhua hnub thiab hem kuv los ntawm lub sijhawm mus rau lub sijhawm. Thaum kawg nws ua tau xa cov khoom, tab sis tus neeg siv khoom xav kom koj xa tus neeg xa khoom vim tias kab ntau lawm lig dhau lawm. Au kuv tus Vajtswv, qhov no tuaj yeem xa khoom li cas los ntawm kev xa khoom sai? Tab sis tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev, leej twg yuav lig? Thaum kawg, thaum nws mus txog tus neeg siv khoom, tseem muaj 30 thiab 60 hnub ntawm kev them nyiaj txhua hli tos. Thaum lub sijhawm ntev no, cov nqi kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv. Yog tias tus nqi ua lag luam nce siab, cov neeg siv khoom yuav hais tias, "Muaj daim ntawv cog lus ua ntej, thiab peb yuav ua raws li daim ntawv cog lus." Yog tias tus nqi poob qis, cov neeg siv khoom yuav hais tias, "Peb tus thawj coj hais tias, tam sim no tus nqi qis, kuv yuav tsum ua li cas?" Kuv puas tuaj yeem them tus nqi ntawm tus nqi qub? Tom qab qhov kev sib tw no, yog tias koj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais 10 lossis 8 yuan tawm ntawm 3,000 yuan, koj yuav muaj hmoo yam tsis poob nyiaj. Qee zaum yog tias tej yam tsis mus zoo, lawv tsuas yog hnov ​​​​​​qab txog qhov poob thiab feem ntau xaus rau muaj teeb meem ntau nrog cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm hais tias cov neeg sawv cev tau ua haujlwm hnyav, lawv tau ncua kev tsim khoom, thiab yog tias cov thawj coj liam lawv, cov neeg siv khoom puas yuav zoo rau lawv? Yog tias koj tsis tau ua phooj ywg thaum kawg, nws tseem yog qhov poob ntau dua li qhov tau txais. Leej twg tuaj yeem dais qhov kev txom nyem no? Rau cov khoom dav dav no, cov neeg sawv cev txaus siab los nrog cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov tub luam. Thaum pib lub xyoo, kuv thawj zaug ua qhov Forecast ntawm xxxKK thiab tos kom tus thawj tsim khoom los nqis tes thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau PO. Yog tias cov khoom tsis muaj, cov tub luam yuav tsis maj kuv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj cov khoom lag luam lossis lwm hom muaj. Thaum cov khoom tuaj txog, tsuas yog hu rau kuv thiab lawv yuav npaj mus tos lawv, thiab cov nyiaj yuav raug tshem tawm. Los nrog ib sab tes thiab mus nrog lwm sab tes, txawm tias ib lossis ob lub ntsiab lus yuav ua tau nyiaj. Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom kawg pom tus neeg sawv cev, lawv txaus siab qhia tus neeg siv khoom rau lawv cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov tub luam, thiab txhua tus zoo siab. Rau lub Hoobkas thawj, vim li cas thiaj txuas ntxiv tsim khoom yog tias nws tsis ua tau nyiaj? Kuv xav tias qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias qee tus neeg siv khoom uas siv lawv cov chips tseem ceeb thiab cov chips loj xav tau cov chips no. Kev nres cov khoom ntawm cov chips pabcuam no yuav poob cov neeg siv khoom no; tab sis qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: kev tsim cov khoom semiconductor xav tau "kev sib npaug", uas yog, Muaj cov zis txhua hli ruaj khov.

Thiab kev thov ua lag luam muaj qee lub caij nyoog, uas yog lub caij tsis muaj khoom thiab lub caij siab tshaj plaws. Thaum cov xaj tsim khoom tsis txaus, lub Hoobkas thawj zaug yuav xav tau cov khoom siv tau ntau yam thiab muaj ntau yam los ua kom tiav. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov khoom no feem ntau raug xaj yam tsis paub lub sijhawm xa khoom tseeb. Rau cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov tub luam, lawv tuaj yeem nqa 3, 4 lossis ntau hom tib lub sijhawm. Cov khoom no muaj ntau thiab txhua tsev neeg siv tau. Lawv tsis ntshai cov khoom rov qab, thiab feem ntau cov hnub hloov pauv ntev dua. Txawm lub sijhawm twg thiab lub khw twg pheej yig dua, kuv yuav yuav hom twg los xij. Yog li lawv muaj cov khoom muag ntau tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau yog cov nqi zoo tshaj plaws. Tau kawg, thaum yuav khoom, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau tus tub luam sib txawv los sib piv cov nqi. Koj yuav tsis raug kev poob nyiaj los ntawm kev yuav khoom ncig. Txawm tias tus tub luam tib yam tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov hom sib txawv? Vim li cas ho txhawj txog qhov tsis tau txais tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws? Txawm li cas los xij, kuv tus kheej xav tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los sib piv ntawm tus nqi, vim tias lawv zoo sib xws. Nws txaus los saib cov kev pabcuam thiab lub koob npe nrov ntawm lub tuam txhab thiab tsom mus rau ib lossis ob lub tuam txhab. Kev koom tes ntev ua rau txhua tus so thiab zoo siab. Tus nqi tseem ceeb. Koj ua tsis tau txhua yam koj xav tau. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xav txog koj tus kheej txoj haujlwm thiab peev xwm, nrog rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm koj tus thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj. Tab sis tsis txhob ua siab deb dhau. Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog tus neeg muab khoom zoo lossis kev xa khoom, cov nyiaj tau los me me uas koj tau txais yuav raug tshem tawm yam tsis muaj qhov cim tseg. Nws ua rau koj mob siab thiab tsis zoo rau lub tuam txhab.

8. Tus Nqi thiab Tus Nqi ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb Kuv txhais li cas los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb (IC)? Qhov tseeb, kuv tsis paub yuav txhais nws li cas kuv tus kheej. Tau kawg, lawv siv feem ntau yog qhov tshwj xeeb, xws li: LCD TV chips, ntsiav tshuaj computer chips, set-top box chips, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Piv txwv li, qee cov microcontrollers thiab DSP chips muaj ntau daim ntawv thov, tab sis peb feem ntau faib lawv ua cov chips tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsis hais qee cov chips yam tsis tau tshem tawm cov neeg siv khoom cov lus qhia. Cov neeg siv cov chips no yuav tsis muab rau cov neeg sawv cev yam tsis tau kev lees paub los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom qub. Kuv xav tias cov no yuav tsum yog cov chips tshwj xeeb uas peb feem ntau hais txog. Tus nqi ntawm cov integrated circuits feem ntau yog faib ua cov nqi tsim khoom, cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov nqi muag khoom, tab sis qhov tseeb cov no yog cov nyiaj tsis meej pem. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyiaj twg tau tshaj tawm rau ntau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Yog tias lub integrated circuit yog tsim los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom nws tus kheej, cov khoom siv poob nqi suav rau feem ntau ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom. Tab sis cov khoom siv no tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov khoom no. Yuav ua li cas faib qhov no ntawm tus nqi kom raug? Ntxiv nrog rau silicon wafers, lwm yam dej, hluav taws xob, thiab roj kuj tau sib koom. Yog tias lub peev xwm tsim khoom puv nkaus, tsis ua li cas. Yog tias lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntau dhau, leej twg yuav them tus nqi seem? Haha, qhov no tsis yog ib qho nyiaj me me.

Tau kawg, yog tias lub chip thiab pob khoom raug xa mus rau lwm lub tuam txhab, ces kev xam tus nqi tsim khoom yooj yim heev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ua tiav ntawm lwm tus yog tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm IC. Cov nqi tsim khoom yog qhov phem tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum hais. Lo lus nug yooj yim tshaj plaws yog, cov nyiaj hli ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm thiab CEO puas suav tias yog cov nqi tsim khoom? Txawm li cas los xij, lub pob tawb no tuaj yeem muaj txhua yam koj xav tau. Mus tob dua, yog tias tus nqi tsim khoom yog tus nqi ruaj khov, ces tus nqi sib koom los ntawm txhua IC yog pes tsawg? Kev tsim khoom los ua ntej, thiab kev muag khoom los tom qab. Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj hais. Yog tias muaj lub hom phiaj ntau npaum li cas thaum cov khoom raug tsim, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej voj voog txij li thaum pib muag khoom mus rau qhov kawg tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom, tus lej tiag tiag ntawm kev muag khoom yuav yog ob peb xyoos tom qab (ntawm chav kawm, qee zaum nws yog ob peb lub hlis), thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau no loj dhau. Qhov sib txawv ntawm 1 lab thiab 10 lab yog 10 zaug. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tus neeg muag khoom tham txog tus nqi nrog koj thiab khav txog lawv cov nqi tsim khoom ntau npaum li cas, koj lub siab tuaj yeem xav txog cov nkauj classic: luag nws tawm. Thaum tus nqi sib tham lawm, tseem tsis tau lig dhau los xav txog.

Cov nqi muag khoom kuj yog ib feem loj, suav nrog kev muag ua ntej thiab tom qab muag. Yav dhau los, cov ntawv thov IC yooj yim heev, thiab cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau tuaj yeem ua lawv tus kheej. Niaj hnub no, ICs tab tom txhim kho mus rau theem system. Ntxiv nrog rau kho vajtse, lawv kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog software thiab txawm tias software sab nraud. Cov neeg siv khoom tsis txaus siab rau cov qauv siv yooj yim tab sis xav tau cov kev daws teeb meem tiav. Qhov no yog dhau ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom IC lawv tus kheej. Lawv yuav tsum koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom sab nraud kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, thiab txawm tias yuav tsum yuav cov software sab nraud kom muab rau cov neeg siv khoom dawb. Kev pabcuam tom qab muag kuj kim heev. Yog tias cov neeg siv khoom muaj teeb meem tom qab siv cov khoom, tsis hais qhov laj thawj dab tsi, tus tsim khoom IC feem ntau yog thawj tus uas raug hu. Lawv xav tias lub Hoobkas thawj zaug tuaj yeem ua nws. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Txij li thaum kev sim feem ntau yog outsourced (tsawg kawg yog software sim yog outsourced), kev tshuaj xyuas kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom tsis yooj yim. Vim tias kev sim khoom hauv Hoobkas feem ntau tsuas yog txiav txim siab seb nws puas tsim nyog lossis tsis tsim nyog, tsis muaj leej twg paub tias cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb twg tsis tsim nyog. Yog tias muaj teeb meem ntawm lub kaw lus, tus neeg tsim khoom nws tus kheej yuav tsis muaj peev xwm daws tau lawv, thiab yuav muaj cov nqi ntxiv.

Txawm hais tias kev nqis peev rau txhua yam khoom IC txij li kev tsim kho mus txog rau qhov nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam kawg yog loj heev, txawm li cas los xij, peb txuas ntxiv hais tias tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam monopoly muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog "tus nqi", xws li: roj av, hluav taws xob, dej kais, thiab lwm yam. Tsuas yog txhua zaus lawv "kho" tus nqi nws yog vim "tus nqi" nce. Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nqi khoom lag luam tag nrho thiab cov nqi. Cov nqi khoom siv tau nce, cov nqi zog tau nce, thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm tau nce. Koj puas tau pom cov nqi ntawm cov TV, khoos phis tawj, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab tub yees nce? Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom semiconductor (tsis suav nrog: ntau yam daim npav thauj mus los, daim npav kho mob, thiab ntau yam daim npav tsim nyog rau lub neej, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev lag luam) yog cov khoom lag luam tag nrho. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom semiconductor tsuas yog tuaj yeem nce los ntawm kev kwv yees, tsis yog los ntawm kev nce ntxiv. Tus nqi ntawm IC los qhov twg? Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom dav dav feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua lag luam; tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Piv txwv li: IGBT modules rau inverter cua txias feem ntau yog muab los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab, thiab lawv yog cov neeg sib tw. Cov nqi muag khoom ntawm cov khoom yuav zoo ib yam nrog ib leeg qhov kev siv.

Koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo mloog, muaj ntau yam piv txwv nyob ib puag ncig. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov no! Lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev sib tham txog tus nqi thiab tus nqi yog txiav tus nqi. Nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo thiab pib txiav qeeb qeeb. Qee tus phooj ywg xav tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam dav dav yooj yim dua los sib tham thiab txiav. Vim tias muaj ntau tus neeg muag khoom thiab kev sib tw hnyav, nws yooj yim dua rau cov neeg nuv ntses kom tau txiaj ntsig. Cov neeg muag khoom tshwj xeeb feem ntau tsuas yog ib lossis ob. Lawv muaj kev nkag siab tacit nrog ib leeg thiab tsis tas yuav sib tham txog tus nqi! Txawm li cas los xij, kuv txoj kev xav yog qhov sib txawv kiag li.

Ua ib tug neeg sawv cev tshaj lij ntawm lub npe nrov IC yog kev nrhiav ntawm ntau tus neeg muag khoom IC, tsim kom muaj lub koob npe zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab (kev ua haujlwm, nyiaj txiag, thiab lwm yam); xyuas kom ruaj khov kev lag luam thiab cov txiaj ntsig; nrhiav cov neeg muag khoom zoo dua, thiab lwm yam. Cov txiaj ntsig hais lus rau lawv tus kheej. Koj tuaj yeem ua li cas thiaj li ua tau ib tug neeg sawv cev zoo li no sai li sai tau? Kuv tsis yog txhob txwm tso dag. Qhov tseeb, kuv tsis paub. Kuv tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug no. Yog tias kuv hais rau koj, kuv yuav tsum dag koj, txwv tsis pub kuv yuav muaj...

Hauv lub tsev muag ntawv hauv lub tshav dav hlau, lub TV demo feem ntau ua si ib lub voj voog ntawm ib tug neeg qhia txog kev tswj hwm lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm. Lub suab thiab kev xav sib xyaw, thiab nws yog qhov kov heev rau mloog nws. Tab sis thaum kuv tau nce mus rau ntawm lub dav hlau thiab so kom txaus thiab xav txog nws, nws zoo li qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb kiag li. Lawv feem ntau hu lawv ua cov kws qhia ntawv, tab sis tsis tshua muaj cov neeg ua lag luam. Qhov laj thawj yog yooj yim li ntawd. Ua ntej, cov neeg ua lag luam tsis muaj sijhawm seem. Qhov thib ob, cov neeg ua lag luam tsis muaj sijhawm kom tau nyiaj. Lawv yuav muaj sijhawm xav txog kev khwv nyiaj li cas? Tau kawg, kuj muaj cov neeg ua lag luam uas luam tawm phau ntawv thiab hais lus. Txawm li cas los xij, koj puas ntseeg lawv cov dab neeg ua tiav thiab kev paub dhau los? Kuv tsis ntseeg nws li cas los xij! Tsis ntev los no, kuv tau ntsib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas European thawj thiab tham txog kev lag luam Suav. Nws cov kev xav, kev nkag siab, thiab cov kev cai zoo li txhawb peb. Qhov no yog lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis suab European zoo uas tsis yog tsuas yog tso cai rau cov thev naus laus zis patented tab sis kuj tsim cov ICs. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev faib zaus, kev xa xov, kev ua kom nrov, thiab lwm yam ntawm pre-audio, thiab siv rau hauv microphones, mixers, thiab preamplifiers. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem tuav lub lag luam loj hauv Suav teb lawm. Thaum xub thawj lawv siv tus neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws los txhawb thiab muag hauv thaj av loj, tab sis lawv paub tias lwm tog twb dhau lawv lub peev xwm lawm, thiab lawv maj mam nkag siab: Muaj cov neeg uas hais lus Suav thiab tuaj yeem ua tej yam Suav. Cov neeg Suav txawv teb chaws, Taiwanese, Hong Kongers, mainlanders, thiab lwm yam txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej txoj kev lag luam, thiab cov neeg mainlanders yuav tsum muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv thaj av loj.

Yog li ntawd, lawv pib xav txog kev nrhiav cov neeg sawv cev "kws tshaj lij" hauv Suav teb loj. Lawv cov qauv hnub sib tham dig muag yog dab tsi? Tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau. Tom qab tag nrho, IC no yog kev tshaj lij heev thiab kev ua lag luam daim ntawv thov muaj tsawg. Tus neeg sawv cev uas loj dhau tsis tuaj yeem saib xyuas lub lag luam me me zoo li no. Tau kawg, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob me dhau. Tom qab tag nrho, qee cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg nyiaj txiag tseem tsim nyog. . Ntawm lawv, tus uas yeej tsis plam mus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tam sim no, peb yuav tsum ua haujlwm hauv daim ntawv thov no thiab muaj kev txhawb nqa daim ntawv thov kev tshaj lij. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tsim lossis koom ua ke tsim cov ntawv thov, qhov ntawd yuav yog qhov khoom qab zib ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib. Lawv qhov laj thawj kuj meej heev, uas yog, los ntawm cov neeg koom tes, lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab tam sim ntawd txog kev ua lag luam: Lub peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam no yog dab tsi? Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb (cov neeg muab khoom, cov neeg siv khoom) yog leej twg? Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, qhov zoo, tus nqi, kev pabcuam kev siv tshuab yog dab tsi? Kev daws teeb meem twg yooj yim nkag mus, thiab yuav ua li cas nthuav dav tom qab nkag mus? Puas muaj cov channel muag khoom hauv tsev kom pab nthuav kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom tam sim ntawd?

Tus qauv yooj yim thiab tsis siab, tab sis qhov nyuaj tiag tiag dhau qhov lawv xav tau. Muaj ntau cov lus qhia rau lawv tus kheej, tab sis cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov neeg muag khoom "kws tshaj lij" zoo li no tsis tshua muaj. Yuav tsum muaj, tab sis lawv tseem tsis tau pom. Tom qab qee qhov kev sib pauv, kuv zoo li muaj qee qhov kev nkag siab. yog! Muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm peb cov phooj ywg tsis paub tias xav qhib lawv tus kheej lub tuam txhab ua "cov khw muag tshuaj Suav" uas muaj txhua yam lawv xav tau thiab tuaj yeem txais kev txiav txim, yog li hu ua "ib-nres" kev pabcuam. Kuv ntshai tias yog tias kuv tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm txhua tus neeg siv khoom, kuv yuav nrhiav lwm tus neeg siv khoom, thiab thaum kawg, txawm tias qhov kuv ua tau yuav raug coj mus los ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab. Lossis lawv txhawj xeeb tias cov neeg siv khoom yuav xav tias lawv tsis muaj cov chaw txhawb nqa txaus thiab tsis muaj peev xwm, thiab yuav tsis tuaj yeem txais cov xaj loj yav tom ntej. Ua li no, kuv tau mus deb ntawm "kws tshaj lij". Qee tus phooj ywg yuav yuav cov khoom lag luam ntev li ntev tau. Tsuav yog cov khoom tuaj yeem ua tus neeg sawv cev, kuv yuav ua tau raws li txhua yam xwm txheej. Thaum ob tog sib txuas lus, lawv feem ntau nug tias kuv muaj pes tsawg tus muag khoom, kuv muaj pes tsawg lub ntsiab lus muag khoom, kuv muaj pes tsawg kab khoom, kuv muaj pes tsawg tus neeg muag khoom thiab engineers. Kuv qhov chaw muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws yog dab tsi? Xav txog seb cov neeg txawv teb chaws xav li cas, nws yog qhov tseeb heev. Nws yuav tsis xav cob qhia tus neeg sawv cev ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws yeej xav tau tus khub uas tau ua tiav hauv kev lag luam tshwj xeeb no thiab xis nyob nrog nws, thiab tuaj yeem pab nws ncav cuag cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev lag luam ncaj qha sai li sai tau. Kuv tsim cov khoom thiab koj muaj cov channel, uas yog qhov yeej-yeej uas lawv ib txwm tham txog.

Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws lub tswv yim thiab peb qhov xwm txheej tam sim no. Tsis xav tsis thoob tias peb nrhiav tsis tau yam peb xav tau thiab yam peb xav ua tsis tau. Ua ke, nws nco qab tias nws tau ntsib ib tug phooj ywg los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom IC saum toj kawg nkaus thaum pib lub xyoo, thiab nws kuj tau tham txog cov neeg sawv cev. Lawv cov kev muag khoom feem ntau vam khom ob peb tus neeg sawv cev zoo heev. Tab sis lawv them sai sai rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom tshiab thiab cov teb tshiab, uas tsis yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg sawv cev zoo heev. Tsis txhob hais txog nws tus kheej, txawm tias lawv lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm qub pom tias nws nyuaj rau thawb cov neeg sawv cev zoo heev no kom koom tes rau qee qhov. Cov neeg sawv cev no tau siv ntev los tau txais cov khoom qub thiab cov neeg siv khoom loj, thiab tom qab ntawd vam khom lawv cov nyiaj loj heev los ua kev muag khoom. Tab sis nws yooj yim npaum li cas los vam khom kev muag khoom thiab FAE ntawm lub Hoobkas qub? Lawv kuj xav txog kev nrhiav kev koom tes nrog qee lub tuam txhab tsim qauv thib peb thiab cov tuam txhab muag khoom hauv ib qho chaw. Pib los ntawm kev teev cov khoom siv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev, thiab thaum kawg vam tias yuav sawv tawm thiab ua lawv cov neeg sawv cev. Peb tsis tau tiv tauj ib leeg ntev. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam lawv xav ua, puas yog? Yog lawm, zoo li muaj tsawg tus neeg mob siab txog thiab hais kom ua "kev tshaj lij", txawm hais tias ntau tus neeg ntawm lawv feem ntau khav theeb lawv tus kheej ua "kev tshaj lij".

10. Ua ib tug neeg sawv cev! Siv lub sijhawm Christmas thiab Xyoo Tshiab, tus thawj coj ntawm lub Hoobkas Pre-audio IC uas kuv tau hais los saum toj no tau tham nrog kuv txog nws txoj kev nrhiav tus neeg sawv cev hauv tebchaws ob hnub dhau los. "Nws ntev heev, kuv xav tias nws ua tiav lawm!" Qhov no dhau qhov kuv xav tau. Kuv tsuas yog pom zoo xwb: "Okay, kuv yuav saib xyuas nws rau koj, thiab kuv yuav pom zoo qee yam zoo rau koj." Kuv qib lus Askiv tsis txaus kom nkag siab tag nrho nws qhov kev tsis meej pem. Nws zoo li rau kuv tias peb cov kws tshaj lij faib IC khaws cia dhau lawm lossis tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab txaus rau lawv tus kheej lossis muaj lwm yam zais cia? Kuv txoj kev xav paub ua rau kuv xav txog cov kws tshaj lij faib IC no. Tej zaum qhov kev sib tw ceev ceev no ua rau ntau tus neeg txhawj xeeb ntxiv txog kev khwv tau nyiaj sai thiab nyob deb ntawm kev lag luam mus sij hawm ntev. Lub zeem muag zoo heev, tab sis kuv yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias kuv tuaj yeem nyob mus txog hnub uas lub zeem muag tau ua tiav! Cov teeb meem tiag tiag yuav tsum tau xav txog, yog li peb feem ntau xaus rau kev lag luam zoo li bustling txhua hnub. Kuv yeej ib txwm xav tsis thoob tias kuv cov phooj ywg feem ntau siv lawv ib hnub tag nrho los nug txog qhov twg yuav nrhiav tau cov khw muag khoom pheej yig, lossis xav paub seb lawv tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom lag luam twg los ntawm lub Hoobkas lossis tus neeg sawv cev. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov lag luam ntawd feem ntau tsis ntsuas ua feem pua ​​tab sis hauv xees lossis txawm tias xees. Tab sis lawv tau ua haujlwm ntau heev thiab txaus siab rau lawv tus kheej.

Qee zaum tom qab noj hmo, lawv quaj tias kev lag luam nyuaj thiab lawv yuav tsum ua haujlwm ib nrab sijhawm rau lub Hoobkas qub, cov neeg sawv cev, cov neeg xa khoom, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom. Qee zaum, kuv nug qhov twg muaj cov channel zoo thiab txoj hauv kev los ua kom tau nyiaj ntau thiab ua lag luam loj. Kuv txaj muag los tham txog cov teeb meem no vim kuv tsis tau ua nyiaj ntau, thiab tau kawg tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo. Kuv tsuas tuaj yeem tham txog nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kuv tham txog kuv txoj kev xav hauv tus kheej, kuv nyiam cov lag luam uas siv sijhawm thiab siv zog ntau. Nws tsis yog tias kuv yug los ua haujlwm hnyav thiab muaj lub siab tawv los ntsib cov teeb meem, tab sis kuv xav tias cov lag luam zoo li no tsim nyog rau kev siv zog. Kev lag luam yooj yim feem ntau pib nrog kev yuav khoom, tsuav yog koj siv zog thiab cov khoom siv txaus kom tau txais kev txiav txim. Kev lag luam yooj yim feem ntau pib nrog tus nqi thiab lub sijhawm them nqi. Sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua kom koj tus nqi qis dua lwm tus, thiab lub sijhawm them nqi tuaj yeem ntev dua lwm tus. Tau kawg, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam zoo li no tsuas yog ntsuas tau hauv xees thiab xees. Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis sawv los hnub tom qab thiab pom tias nws tau raug lwm tus nyiag dua. Raws li cov lus hais, lawv maj nrawm thiab mus sai sai. Vim tias kev lag luam tuaj yeem raug txeeb tau yooj yim ntawm lwm tus, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas lwm tus yuav txeeb nws mus hauv ob peb feeb xwb. Nws tsis yog cov pa roj carbon tsawg, tsis txuag hluav taws xob, tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig, thiab tsis muaj kev xav txog kev txhim kho.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, saib cov lag luam uas muaj teeb meem thiab kev cov nyom. Nws pib nrog Souring, xa cov qauv, ua cov qauv prototypes, thiab thaum kawg Total Solution. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog pab nrog kev tsim kho vajtse xwb, nws kuj pab nrog kev tsim kho software. Qee zaum peb txawm tias yuav tsum pab cov neeg siv khoom npaj cov "cov ntsiab lus muag khoom" ntawm lawv cov khoom. Vim tias tus neeg siv khoom tau hais tias koj paub zoo tshaj plaws txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm koj cov khoom, thiab koj paub zoo tshaj plaws yuav ua li cas qhia cov kev ua tau zoo no rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Qee zaum kuv yuav xav tias chim siab, "Kuv tau dhau los ua dab tsi? Yog tsis muaj kuv, koj xav tau R&D thiab cov chaw ua lag luam ua dab tsi? Koj tseem ua tus thawj coj thoob plaws hnub. Qhov no tsis yog, qhov ntawd tsis zoo." Yog li ntawd xwb: "Lub luag haujlwm loj los ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej." Cov neeg Yusi,..." Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev siv zog no kuj tsis paub meej. Thaum muaj qhov yuam kev loj heev tshwm sim hauv qee qhov kev sib txuas ntawm R&D, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev muag khoom, txhua yam kev siv zog yav dhau los yuav ploj mus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no tsis siab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog kev nqis peev loj heev rau cov neeg siv khoom los tsim cov khoom tshiab thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab lawv yuav tsis maj nrawm rau hauv nws yam tsis tau xav txog zoo. Qhov tshwm sim phem tshaj plaws yog tias cov neeg siv khoom pom tias cov khoom kawg tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev cia siab thiab yuav tsum tau tso tseg tom qab nws muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Tab sis cov xaj ua tiav thaum lub voj voog no feem ntau tuaj yeem pab tsawg kawg khi lub pob caus, thiab feem ntau tseem muaj qhov sib npaug. Tau kawg, yog tias cov lus teb ntawm kev ua lag luam zoo, cov txiaj ntsig yuav pom tseeb. Hom kev sau qoob loo no tsis yog tsuas yog ruaj khov thiab ntev xwb, tab sis kuj nyuaj rau lwm tus txeeb mus.

Yog tias lwm tus xav tau lub lag luam no, tau kawg lawv yuav tsum ua tib yam. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yuav ua li cas thiaj sib tw tau txaus los tau lub lag luam zoo li no? Nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ris lub "lub luag haujlwm loj". Raws li kev sim "khaws txiv duaj" los ntawm kev tau txais ib tus neeg lossis 1 lossis 2 tus neeg, qhov ntawd tsis yooj yim. Kev nrhiav khoom, R&D, kev tswj xyuas zoo, kev yuav khoom, kev lag luam, kev coj noj coj ua, koj puas xav sim tag nrho cov no? Dab tsi ntxiv, yog tias tus neeg muab khoom zoo li no raug tso tseg, leej twg lav tias tus tshiab yuav ua tau zoo dua? Ob peb tus neeg siv khoom txaus siab pheej hmoo zoo li no. Tsis txhob hais txog kev xav uas tau los ntawm txoj kev. Koj xav ua tus neeg sawv cev zoo li cas?