Me pēhea te kimi i te kaihoko hoko pai rawa atu māu?

I roto i ngā kōrerorero o ia rā, he maha ngā kaihoko e amuamu ana mō ngā kaihoko he waiaro kino, kāore e aro ki a rātou ina waea mai, ā, ka panaia ina tono tauira. Ehara te mahi ki a rātou i te mea i whakaarohia e rātou. He mea ngaro kei reira? Hei kaiwhakarato, tata ki te katoa tēnei wheako. He maha ngā kiritaki e waea mai ana, ā, ka tīmata mā te tono utu me te whakatairite i ngā utu. Kātahi ka whakahuatia he pai ake te utu XXX…. He maha ngā wā ka ngaro te hiahia o ngā kaiwhakarato ina rongo rātou i tēnei. Nā te mea, nā te tūponotanga, kua turuturu tō moni whiwhi. E kore koe e pai hei kiritaki mā rātou. Ko te utu te mea e aro nui ana koe, kaua ki te hua. Ki te hiahia koe ki te mahi pakihi ki a koe ā muri ake nei, ka haere mai koe mēnā he iti te utu i tēnei rā, ā, ka wehe atu koe mēnā he teitei te utu āpōpō. E pai ana ngā kaiwhakarato ki tētahi kiritaki pumau (ehara te rahinga i te mea nui) kaua ki tētahi kiritaki kopikopiko noa iho. E whakaaro ana ētahi kiritaki he nui ā rātou hiahia, ā, he tino ātaahua ki ngā kaihoko. Engari e mōhio ana te katoa ko te nui ake o te tau, ko te nui ake o te raruraru. Ki te kore te kiritaki e whakahua i te ota, ka nui te toenga o te mahi; ki te kore te tuku i te wā tika, ka amuamu, ka amuamu hoki ngā kiritaki. E hia ngā wā ka pai te rangi? He raruraru nui tēnei.

Kei te rārangi pango tonu ēnei kiritaki i te kaihanga taketake. Ahakoa ka whiwhi rātou i tētahi kiritaki pēnei, kāore ngā kaihoko e maia ki te rēhita me te tuku ota ki te kaihanga taketake, nā te mea ka kī atu te kaihanga taketake kua roa rātou e noho ana hei kiritaki mō XX. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te hoko. Kātahi te whakama! Ka taea te tono i ētahi wāhanga whānui me te kore rēhita ki te kaihanga taketake. Ehara i te mea kāore ā rātou utu pai, engari nā te mea ehara koe i te mea e kiia ana e rātou he kiritaki pai, ā, kāore rātou e maia ki te hoatu utu pai ki a koe nā te mea kāore ā rātou māramatanga puku ki a koe. Ki te whakamahi koe i tana utu hei pehi i ētahi atu kaihoko me te whakamōhio atu ki te kaihanga taketake, ka raru nui koe. Nō reira, ki te whiriwhiri koe i ngā hua mō te R&D me te kimi i tētahi kaihoko, me whakauru tuatahi koe i te āhuatanga taketake me te tono ki tā rātou FAE kia tūtohu i te hua e rite ana ki a koe. Ka hoatu e ngā kaihoko he utu tohutoro ki a koe (māu anō e whakatau, ā, i muri i te tono hekenga, koinei te utu utu ka whiwhi koe a muri ake nei). Kātahi ka whai i ngā mahi hei tono ki a rātou kia whakarato, kia hoko rānei i ngā tauira mai i a rātou. Ki te mea kei te hoko koe, me whakaatu anō hoki tō āhuatanga i te tuatahi. Mena kua whakamahia e koe ngā hua taketake, me "rēhita" koe. Nō reira, me kōrero tuatahi koe ki a rātou mō te āheinga ki te noho hei kiritaki mā rātou. Mena kua mārama i mua, me maha ā rātou huarahi hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ki te taea, ka kōrerohia e tātou te whakapūmautanga o te kounga o te hua (kaua te arotahi, nā te mea ko te kounga te mea matua e whakapūmautia ana e te kaihanga taketake), te rarangi taonga me te tuku, ā, ko te utu whakamutunga.

He tīmatanga whaitake tēnei, kia mārama ai te kaihoko ki a koe, kia whakaute i a koe, ā, kia uru atu ki ētahi atu kōrero. Ko te mārama ki ngā rawa me ngā āheinga tuku a te kaihoko me waiho hei kaupapa matua. He kaupapa here pakihi me te arotahi hua tō ia kaihoko. E ōrite ana ngā hiahia o te kiritaki me ā rātou kaupapa matua? He mea nui tēnei. He pakihi nui tā te tari nui, engari ko tā rātou e hiahia ana, kāore pea i te rite ki tāu e hiahia ana. Kei reira anō te kaha o te kaihoko ki te tiki taonga, inā koa kāore i te rawaka te tuku taonga. Ko te tuku ota wawe, kāore pea e tohu i te taenga wawe o ngā taonga, kei tōna mana i te wheketere taketake. Ki taku whakaaro he maha ngā kaihoko kua whakamātau i tēnei reka. Mena ka whakamanahia te tuku me te tuku, ko te mea whakamutunga ko te utu. Ko te take i kōrerohia ai te utu i te mutunga, ehara i te mea nā te mea kāore te utu i te mea nui, engari nā te mea ki te kore he whakamana o mua, he wai te utu kāore he pūtake, he rākau kāore he pakiaka. He aha te take o te whai utu pai? Ko te pakihi wāhanga ehara i te mea kotahi te wā, ā, he roa te heke mai. Ka taea e te utu te heke mārire i te heke mai. He iti te utu, nō reira he aha koe ka manukanuka ai? (Ka kōrerohia me pēhea te whakaiti i te utu i muri mai)

Nō reira, ko tāku ake whakaaro: Ko te mea tino nui mō te hoko a te kiritaki ko te kounga, ā, muri iho ko te tuku, ā, ko te utu whakamutunga. Ina whiriwhiria ngā hua mai i ngā waitohu rongonui, ko te tuatahi, ka whakamanahia te kounga. Ahakoa he hē i ētahi wā, he whakamārama tonu, ā, kāore he take kia pikau tetahi i te kawenga. Ko te tuku i te wā tika te mea tino nui. Ka pā te tuku wawe ki te aromatawai i ngā taonga; ka pā te tuku tōmuri ki te whakaputa me te hoko. Ko te utu te mea whakamutunga e kōrerohia ana. Mena he raruraru ki te kounga, ki te tuku rānei, e kore rawa te rangatira e mārama: nā te mea he pai te utu, he mea whakamāori tēnei! Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero: Nā wai koe i hoko i tēnei utu iti, i pā ki te kounga, te whakaputa me te mākete o te hua?

I te rapu hoa mahi, ko te raupapa e tika ana kia arohia e te kaihoko mātau te hua: te kounga, te tuku me te utu. E mārama ana ia ehara te utu i te mea nui. Mena he ruarua te kounga, ā, he ngoikore te tuku, he aha te whakamahinga o te utu pai rawa atu? Ahakoa kāore he raruraru ki te kounga, he aha te take o te whakarite i te nui o ngā taonga hei whakarite i te whakaputa tonu? Ko te pikinga o ngā utu whakahaere whakapaipai me ngā utu whakahaere kua whakakore kē pea i te mea e kiia nei ko te "utu pai". Mena he huringa kei roto i te whakaputanga, mena ka iti ake te whakamahinga, ka kore rānei e whakamahia, ka nui ake te hua i te mate! Nō reira, i muri i te whakaū ka taea e koe te noho hei kaihoko mā te kaihoko, me whakaaro tuatahi koe ki te taurangi o te kounga o te hua. Ae, ki te mea he waitohu rongonui koe, kāore koe e manukanuka ki ēnei take. He mea tino nui te take tuku, inā koa mō ētahi maramara matua, he maha ngā wā kāore he whakakapinga waitohu tuarua. Ina he he tetahi mea, he mea ora, he mate te hoko. He maha ngā wā kāore e taea e te wheketere taketake te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru. Ko te tuku he 8 wiki, 12 wiki rānei, ā, ko ngā kaihoko te kaiwhakahaere i ngā taonga. Nō reira, kua noho hei raruraru mā ngā kaihoko te whakarite i te tuku.

I tēnei wā, ko te mea e tika ana kia tirohia ko te turanga kiritaki a te kaihoko, kaua ko te kaha pūtea, he mea tino nui tēnei. Nā te mea ahakoa he kaihoko kaha pūtea, kāore e whakarite i tētahi taonga nui mō tētahi kaihoko. Me āwangawanga ngā kaihoko mō ngā hua matua o tēnei kaihoko. Mena ko ngā hua e whakatairangahia ana e tēnei kaihoko, e hokona ana hoki, koia tonu te kaiwhakarato tino pai mōu. Nā te mea he rite tonu tā rātou turanga kiritaki, he maha tonu ā rātou pūkenga tautoko hangarau kaha i tēnei wāhanga, ā, he maha tonu ā rātou otinga katoa e kore e tūmanakohia ina whakawhanakehia e koe tētahi hua. Ka takaro tā rātou FAE ki ēnei maramara i te rā roa. E mōhio ana rātou ki ngā raruraru katoa e pā ana ki ngā kaihoko i te wā e whakawhanake ana, e whakaputa ana hoki i ngā hua. Ina tino hiahia koe, ka taea e rātou te whakaoti i ō hiahia nui. Nā te mea he rite tonu tā rātou turanga kiritaki, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tono atu i ētahi atu taonga mai i te wheketere taketake, ā, he kaha ake te mana whiriwhiri. He maha tonu ngā wā ka taea e rātou te tiki i te utu pai rawa atu mai i te wheketere taketake, e hanga ana i ngā tikanga mō ngā kaihoko ki te whawhai mō ā rātou ake utu pai. Nā te mea he turanga kiritaki pēnei, ina whakarewahia e te kaihanga taketake tētahi hua hou, ko rātou te mea tuatahi e whakaarohia ana e rātou. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki ō rātou pūkenga tautoko hangarau me ō rātou pūkenga hoko, ka tukuna tuatahitia ngā hua hou ki ā rātou kiritaki. Mā tēnei ka taea e tō hua hou te neke ake i ō hoa whakataetae.

Tuawhā, nā te mea he rite tonu tana turanga kiritaki, ka whakarite noa ia i ētahi atu taonga. Mā te taenga mai o ngā kiritaki hou ka nui ake tōna māia ki te whakarite i ngā taonga e tika ana. He tino taurangi ake tō tuku. Tuarima, nā te mea he rite tonu tāu turanga kiritaki, he tino watea ake te whakarerekē i tō ota. I tēnei wā, kāore ngā kaihoko e māharahara ki te pikinga, te whakahekenga, te whakakorenga rānei o ō ota (engari ka tino āwangawanga ngā kaihoko mō tō oma haere ina whiwhi koe i tētahi ota.). He mea tino nui tēnei. Kaua e whakaaro ka taea e koe te whakakore i te ota mā te waea kotahi noa iho me te kore utu. Kāore he mea ka taea e koe te mahi mōna. Ki te kore e mahi, ka kimihia e au tētahi atu kaihoko. Me mōhio he mutunga kore ngā hua o tēnei huarahi! He torutoru noa ngā kaihoko mō tō maramara matua. Ki te rongonui koe, ka aro nui te kaihanga me ngā kaihoko taketake ki a koe. Ahakoa ka haere koe me te ota, tera pea kāore ētahi atu kaihoko e mihi atu ki a koe me te ataata, nā te mea ki te kore koe e tupato, ka keri koe i tētahi poka mō rātou. He uaua ki te mārama ki ngā huringa mākete, inā koa kāore anō te kaihoko kia noho hei kaiārahi i roto i tēnei mākete. I muri i taku whiwhinga i te ota i tēnei rā, i kaha taku mahi ki te tono, ki te tono me te whai i ngā taonga. Āpōpō ka whakakorehia te ota a te kiritaki, ā, ka whakaaro koe ki te whakakore i te ota, ki te whakahoki mai rānei. Nō reira, he mea nui rawa kia whakaarohia e te hunga hoko te tāpiri me te whakakorenga o ngā ota, me te neke whakamua me te hoki whakamuri noa.

I te mea kua oti te whakarite i te kounga me te tuku, kua tae ki te wā ki te kōrero mō te utu. He tino aro nui te utu, ā, ka taea anake te whiriwhiri i te utu ina oti katoa ngā mea. Kei ngā kaihoko te utu o ngā maramara noa. Ko ngā utu o ētahi maramara matua kei ngā kaihanga taketake, mā rātou e tuku utu rerekē mā roto i ngā kaihoko e ai ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te kiritaki. Me pēhea te tiki utu pai mai i te kaihanga taketake, i te kaihoko taketake rānei? Mena ko koe te kaiārahi o te umanga, ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki tō putanga me tō tūranga mākete kia whiwhi ai i te utu e tumanakohia ana e koe. Mena ko koe tētahi o aua tāngata, kaua e manukanuka. I te nuinga o te wā, e rua, neke atu rānei ngā maramara waitohu e whakamahia ana hei whakaputa hua. Ko te mea he pai ake te utu, whakamahia he nui ake, ā, ko te mea he iti ake te utu, whakamahia he iti iho. Koinei te kāri pai i tō ringa. He nui te āwangawanga o ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihoko taketake mō tēnei momo Hea. Ahakoa he iti te whakamahinga a ngā kiritaki, engari kāore e tika kia whakamahia me ngā hoa whakataetae! Hei whakarite me te whakapai ake i taua Hea, ka whakapau kaha rātou ki te whakatutuki i ō hiahia. Haha, he ngāwari noa te whiriwhiri i te utu. Mena he kamupene hoahoa koe (he kamupene e hanga mahere ana, e hoko ana rānei i ngā mahere), kāore pea i te nui te rahinga o āu hoko tika, engari kāore e taea te whakaiti i tō awe mākete me tō mana whakatairanga. Ko tāu painga nui, ki te homai e koe he utu pai ki ahau, ka hoahoahia e au tō maramara ki roto i taku otinga. Ki te kore he utu pai, ka kimihia e au tētahi atu kamupene. Mena kei a koe ngā rauemi whakahaere i roto i te umanga, ka taea e koe te whakamahi katoa i aua rauemi.

Ki te mea kāore kau he mea āu, ā, kāore kau he mea āu, me kōrero pai koe ki te kaihoko. Me titiro tātou mēnā ka taea e te kaihoko te whakarerekē mārire i te āhuatanga, kia whai rawa ai koe? Ka hoatu e ia he taonga ōrite ki a koe mai i ngā kaihoko nui. Ae, ehara tēnei i te mea ka taea e tātou te kōrero noa. Me tatari tātou kia puta mai te wai.

I te wā e rapu ana koe i tētahi hoa, ko te mea pai ko te mea ataahua, ā, ko te mea pai ko te mea pai rawa atu i muri i te whakaaroaro whānui. Pērā anō hoki te kimi kaiwhakarato.

Ngā kaihoko o Niu I taku waea atu anō ki te waea, ka whakautu au me te kore e manawanui. Whai muri i taku kōrero tere i ētahi kupu, ka whakatārewatia anō e au te waea. He tino rawe! Ka hoatu e au he pakihi ki a koe, engari kāore tonu e aro. Haha, kāore e taea e koe te kī pēnā. He maha ngā sutra o ia whānau he uaua ki te whakahua. Kāore pea ngā tāngata hoko e mōhio koinei anō te pēhanga o ngā kaihoko. Kia kite ahau mēnā ka taea e taku māramatanga te whakamārama i te take? He aha te whāinga hoko a te kaihoko i roto i te tari? He tokomaha e whakaaro ana he mea tēnei nā te rangatira i papaki ki tōna mahunga, engari kāore au i te whakaaro pēnā. Ko te uara nui o ngā tohu hoko ka whakatauhia e ngā āhuatanga o roto o te kamupene tonu. Kei muri i te hoko ko te FAE, te whakahaere, ngā kaimahi, te whakahaere, te rangatira; te tari, te whare putunga; te hokohoko me te haere. Kua taunga tātou ki te whakarōpū i ngā whakapaunga e puta ana hei whakapaunga hoko. Ko te momo kamupene me te momo rautaki hoko e whakamahia ana e ia ka rite ngā whakapaunga hoko. I te whakakotahitanga me te tawhē hua hoko, ka whakatauhia te rahinga hoko iti rawa e hiahiatia ana e te kamupene. Ko ngā hoko wehea tika ngā whāinga hoko tino taketake a te kamupene.

Ki te titiro ki te moni whiwhi whakahaere me te maha o ngā kaimahi o ēnei kamupene, e mārama ana te katoa ehara rātou i te kaihoko iti. I roto i ēnei kamupene tari nui, me whiwhi te miihini hokohoko tika i te moni whiwhi ā-tau tata ki te 4 miriona tāra US. Ki te tatauhia te taake uara-tāpiri, ko te nui o ngā hoko RMB e hiahiatia ana e ia tata ki te 30 miriona yuan. Ko te tikanga me whiwhi ia i te 3 miriona hoko ia marama. Ko ngā mahi o ia rā a te kaihoko noa ko: te whiwhi i te maha o ngā īmēra, ā, he maha o aua īmēra me whakautu. Ko te tikanga 2/3 kei roto i te kamupene, ā, ko te 1/3 mai i ngā kiritaki. He maha ngā hui ā-roto o te kamupene i ia wiki; te whakatairanga i ngā hua hou me ngā otinga hou (ki te kore he hua hou, kāore he hoko ā muri ake nei); te ripoata i ngā mahi hou ki te wheketere taketake; te toro atu ki ngā kiritaki auau, te whiwhi ota, me te tuku ota ki ngā kaiwhakarato i muri i te whakarāpopototanga. Te whakatikatika (whakakorenga, tāpiri rānei), te tere ake, te tuku, te whakahoki utu, me ētahi atu. Pēnei, e hia te roa o te wā ka taea e te kaihoko te mahi tahi me te kiritaki hou i ia rā? Kia mārama tetahi ki tetahi, kua ngenge hoki rātou i te rā roa. E mōhio pai ana rātou: Ko ia Hokonga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kiritaki nunui e rua, e toru rānei hei whakaoti i te whāinga. Inaa, e mōhio ana hoki ngā kaihoko kua oti i te 10%, tae atu rānei ki te 5% o ngā kiritaki o te kamupene te 90%, neke atu rānei, o ngā whāinga a te kamupene. Kāore he mana o te hunga he nui ake ngā kiritaki.

Ko te taumaha o ngā mahi hokohoko te take matua, ā, he take tūpono anō hoki. He pono, kei reira anō hoki ngā take whaiaro. Kei ētahi kaihoko te whakaaro pohehe i muri i te mahi mō ngā tau maha, nā te mea he nui te kamupene nā te mea he nui rātou, ā, e whakaaro ana rātou he kaha te kamupene nā te mea he kaha rātou. Haha, ki te taea e koe tēnei mena ka tīmata koe i tāu ake kamupene, he rawe tēnā! He ariā anō tēnei. I kōrero tahi te kiritaki me te kaihoko i runga i te waea, ā, i mua i tō rātou mōhio, kua oti i te Hoko a te kaihoko te aromatawai i tētahi kiritaki ā muri ake nei. Ki te kore koe e tino hiahia, ka kitea e koe he huarahi hei whakatau i tēnā. Nā te mea kāore te kaihoko i te tino hiahia, kāore he take e tono kore whakama ai te kiritaki. "Ki te kore koe e kaihoko nui, he aha koe e kore ai e whakapā atu ki a rātou?" Ki taku whakaaro koinei te āhua. Me ōrite hoki ngā kiritaki me ngā kaihoko. Ehara i te mea kei a ia ngā taonga e hiahiatia ana e te kaihoko, ehara hoki i te mea ka hokona atu e ia ki a koe ina whiwhi ia i ngā taonga. Kaua e whakaaro ko te tikanga o te kamupene nui he nui ake ngā taonga. He nui te kamupene, ā, ko te mea nui ko te rahinga, kaua ko te momo hua. Kāore he kaihoko e hiahia ki te whakatuwhera i tētahi toa rongoā Hainamana e hoko ana i ngā mea katoa. He take tēnā mā ngā "kaihoko rarangi ingoa". Ko te tumanako a ngā kaihoko katoa ki te hoko atu ki ngā kaihoko nui rawa atu me te nuinga me ngā momo tino kukū. Kua taunga ngā kaihoko noa ki tēnei, nō reira me whakaatu e rātou ētahi pūkenga motuhake.

He aha te mea he haurua-ā-ira? Ina mahi tahi koe me ngā kaihoko, me whiriwhiri koe i te utu i te mutunga. I mua i te whiriwhiri i te utu, he pai ake kia ako koe i ētahi atu kōrero mō te mea he haurua-ā-ira. He mea āwhina i te whiriwhiri i te utu! He aha te mea he haurua-ā-ira? I whakaakona mātou e ngā kaiako i te kura waenga "ko te matū (te rauemi rānei) i waenganui i te kaiārahi me te ārai he haurua-hiko. Ki te kī noa, ka tukuna he ngaohiko ki ngā pito e rua o tētahi mea. Mena he ia e rere ana i waenganui, he kaiārahi, ā, ki te kore he ia e rere ana i roto, he ārai. Ko te mea i waenganui i ngā mea e rua ko te haurua-hiko. E mōhio ana mātou ko te mea i waenganui i te roa me te poto ko te reo, ā, ko te mea i waenganui i te wera me te makariri ko te wai mahana. Engari he aha te mea i waenganui i te ia me te kore ia? ? He tino pōuri! Mena kei reira, kei reira, ā, ki te kore, kāore! Nā te mea he āputa, i kite tonu ahau he tino ngaro ngā haurua-hiko. Tērā pea i whakaaro te kaiako kāore i te rawaka ō mātou mōhiotanga taketake i taua wā, i tētahi atu mea rānei. I whakaroa ahau, ā, kāore i hoatu he whakamārama. I taku taenga ki te whare wānanga, kāore te kaiako i whakahua. Tērā pea i whakaaro ahau he tino māmā rawa tēnei pātai. I hiahia ahau ki te pātai i roto i te akomanga, engari i wehi ahau kei puta te pātai he tamariki rawa atu, ā, ka kataina ahau. Kāore i kitea te kaiako i roto i te akomanga, nō reira i noho tonu te raruraru.

I muri i te mahi mō ngā tau maha, i tētahi rā ka mārama ohorere taku roro. Āue, kua tinihangatia ahau! Kāore he arataki "haurua" i te ao. Inaa, ko te mea e kiia nei ko te "haurua-arataki" he arataki anō hoki. Ki te kore koe e whakapono, ngana ki te whakamahi i te ngaohiko ki ngā pito e rua o te silicon monocrystalline, o te silicon polycrystalline rānei. Ka rere tonu te iahiko i waenganui, engari ehara i te mea kei waenganui i ngā mea e rua, he mea kei reira, kāore he mea kei reira. Inaa, ka whakaatuhia ngā āhuatanga tūturu o tēnei rauemi ina rongoatia ō rātou mata: ka "tango" tetahi mata i ētahi irahiko ka waiho i ētahi "kōhao" hei whakaatu i te polarity pai (pai), ā, ka werohia e tetahi atu mata ētahi irahiko hei hanga i a rātou kia pai. He polarity kino tōna, kātahi ka piri tata ngā mata e rua kua rongoatia hei hanga i te "hononga", ko te mea e kiia nei ko te hononga PN. He mea whakamiharo tēnei pona, ā, e whakaatu ana i tōna āhua ahurei. Ina whakamahia he ngaohiko pai ki tēnei hononga, he iti rawa tōna ātete, ā, he āhua pai te arataki; Ina whakamahia he ngaohiko kino, he tino nui tōna ātete, ā, te āhua nei he "ārai". Koinei pea te take i puta ai te kupu "haurua-whakahaere". Ko te ahunga whakamua he kaiārahi, ā, ko te ahunga whakamuri he āhua nei he ārai. I taua wā anō, kāore ō rātou āhuatanga iahiko me te ngaohiko e rite ana ki te ture a Ohm ahakoa te ngaohiko pai, te ngaohiko kino rānei e whakamahia ana. Kāore tōna uara ātete i te uara pumau, engari ka huri me ngā huringa o te iahiko me te ngaohiko. Ko te tāpiri i ngā waea ki ngā pito e rua ka kiia he diode.

Mā te wehewehe i ngā āhuatanga o tēnei hononga ka hua ake he maha ngā momo taio. Ko ngā mea e whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga whakamua ko ngā taio whakatikatika, ngā taio tohutoro, ngā taio whakawhiti, ngā taio whakamātao, ngā taio Schottky, ngā taio whakaahua-ā-tinana, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā mea tino rongonui me te āhua hou ko te taio marama (LED). Ko ngā mea tino noa e whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga whakamuri ko ngā taio zener, ngā taio wehewehe (tiaki), me ētahi atu. Ki te hangaia tēnei hononga kia iti, ka kiia ko te "taio tohu iti", ā, ki te hangaia kia nui, ka kiia ko te "taio mana". Honoa ngā pona e rua mai i te pito ki te pito, mai i te waewae ki te waewae rānei, ka honoa he waea ki te hononga kia noho hei triode. Kia mahara: Ki te honoa te pane me te pine, kāore he tikanga, he taio e rua noa iho e hono ana i roto i te raupapa. He uaua ake ngā āhuatanga o ngā transistors, ā, he rerekē ake ā rātou tono. Ko te whakakotahi i ēnei taio, transistors, me ētahi atu, kia rite ki ngā hiahia rerekē, he ara iahiko whakauru, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko: IC. I te tīmatanga, ko ngā kaipūtaiao o Amerika i hanga te haurua-ā-ira i whakamahi i tēnei tikanga i roto i te taiwhanga. Ko tētahi i hangaia hei mata papatahi, ko tētahi i hangaia hei āhua tirotiro, ā, i pēhia kia piri ki te mata o tētahi atu hei hanga hononga PN. Kāore i whakamahia tēnei tikanga e te whakaputanga i muri i te ahumahi i muri mai. Ko te kimi noa i tētahi wahi whakarewa me te maimoatanga mata me te hono i a rātou, e kore e puta tēnei āhuatanga. Waihoki, kāore e mahi te kirihou me ētahi atu ārai, me ētahi atu rauemi. E whakaponohia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā e toru noa iho ngā rauemi o te ao kei a rātou tēnei āhuatanga, ko te silicon, te germanium, me tētahi matū e kiia nei ko te gallium arsenide. Ko ēnei ngā mea e kiia nei ko ngā rauemi haurua-ā-ira. I roto i a rātou, ko te silicon te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, nā te mea he rite tonu tana mahi ki ngā whakaritenga whānui, ā, he māmā ake te tukanga hanga hua me taua mea, he iti ake hoki te utu. Nō reira tae noa ki tēnei wā ko "Silicon Valley" anake engari kāore i "Germanium Valley" me "Gallium Arsenide Valley". Nō hea te silicon? onepu! Nō reira, kei te huri te umanga haurua-ā-ira i te onepu hei koura. Heoi, he pātai tonu tāku kāore anō kia mārama ki ahau. He "mutunga kore" te roa o te ora o ngā hua haurua-ā-ira. He aha te tikanga o tēnei? I roto i te ariā, kei waenganui i te mutunga kore me te mutunga kore, engari ko wai ka mōhio he aha kei waenganui?

5. Te Utu o te IC Ina mahi tahi me ngā kaihoko, he mea nui te whiriwhiri utu i te mutunga. Nā te mea kua mārama tātou ki ngā haurua-ira, me mārama anō hoki tātou ki te hanganga utu o ngā hua haurua-ira, he mea āwhina tēnei ina whiriwhiri utu! Ko te hanga IC te nuinga o ngā mea e whai wāhi ana ki: te whakawhanaketanga hua, te whakaputa me te tukatuka. Ko te whakawhanaketanga hua he hoahoa i ngā hua e rite ana ki ngā hiahia o te mākete, ā, ko te whakaputa me te tukatuka he huri i ngā hua kua hoahoatia hei hua tūturu. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka wehea te whakaputa me te tukatuka ki ngā tukanga o mua me muri. Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te pito o mua ko te hanga maramara; ko te mea e kiia nei ko te pito o muri ko te takai, te whakamātautau, me te takai i ngā maramara hei hua whakamutunga. Ko ngā utu whakawhanake ko: ngā utu whakawhanake tukanga me ngā utu whakawhanake hua. Hei tauira, he rite te hanga IC ki te hanga parāoa koromamao. Ko ētahi kaimahi tunu kai he tohunga ki te hanga i ngā momo parāoa me ngā whakakī, ngā āhua, ngā rahi, me ngā tae rerekē e ai ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki (te hiahia o te mākete). Ko ētahi kaimahi tunu kai he koromamao noa i ngā parāoa, ā, he hoahoa i ngā pāmahana, ngā wā, me ngā nui o te koromamao rerekē e ai ki ngā hiahia o ngā parāoa rerekē kia tika ai ngā parāoa koromamao. Ko te rangatira o mua he rite ki te whakawhanaketanga hua IC, ā, ko te rangatira o muri he rite ki te whakawhanaketanga tukanga IC. Nā te mea kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā ratonga hangahanga IC i ēnei wā, ko te whanaketanga tukanga te mahi a ēnei whare hangahanga. Ka whakawhanakehia e rātou ngā rerenga tukanga paerewa, kia arotahi noa ai ngā kamupene IC ki te whanaketanga hua.

I tēnei ara, ko ngā utu whanaketanga noa ko ngā utu whanaketanga hua anō hoki. He tino teitei tēnei wāhanga o ngā mōrearea utu me te haumitanga. He maha ngā wā kāore ēnei mōrearea i ahu mai i te hangarau tonu engari i te mākete, arā, mēnā ka whakaaetia te hua e whakawhanakehia ana e koe e te mākete. Mēnā ka whakaaetia te hua kua whakawhanakehia e te mākete. He maha ngā wā kāore he nui o ngā whakapaunga whanaketanga wehea ki te tapeke o ngā hoko. Engari ki te kore e whakaaetia e te mākete, he rite ēnei haumitanga ki te maka ki te wai. He āhuatanga rerekē tēnei. Ko ngā hua e whakamahi ana i te maha o ngā hangarau hou, kāore pea i te rongonui ki ngā kaihoko, ā, ko ngā hua e whakaaetia ana e te mākete he maha ngā wā ka whakahēngia e ētahi tohunga i runga i te hangarau. He maha ngā tauira o tēnei. Ko ngā utu rauemi ko ngā utu hanga maramara me ngā utu takai. He rite te tukatuka maramara ki te tunu parāoa. Mēnā ko te kaha ki te tunu 50 parāoa i te wā kotahi, ahakoa ka tunua e koe te parāoa kotahi i te wā kotahi, ka tunua rānei e koe te 50 parāoa, he rite tonu te utu. Ko te mea nui ko te utu whakahekenga uara o ngā taputapu he mahi a te wā, ā, kāore he pānga ki te putanga. He rite tonu te whakahekenga uara mō te whakaputa i te 10,000 waeine me te 100,000 waeine i te wā kotahi, engari he 10 ngā wā rerekētanga o te ōwehenga whakahekenga uara. Mena he ōrite ētahi atu āhuatanga, ka rerekē te utu mā te 10 tau. Ko te wā whakahekenga uara noa mō ngā taputapu IC he 4 tau (5 tau rānei), ā, he tino nui te utu. He ōrite ngā utu IC ki te whakamahinga o te kaha.

I taua wā anō, ka hangaia ngā IC i runga i ngā papa silicon. I raro i te horahanga maramara silicon kotahi, ko te iti o te horahanga o tētahi IC kotahi, ko te nui ake o te maha o ngā IC kei runga i te maramara silicon. He rerekē te whānui o ngā rārangi o ngā papa silicon o te rahi kotahi, ā, he rerekē rawa ngā rahinga. He rite tonu te utu tukatuka o ia papa silicon. Ko te nui ake o te maha, ko te iti iho o te utu o ia IC. Koinei te take e tino heke ana te whānui o ngā rārangi o ngā IC, ā, te āhua nei kāore he mutunga e kitea ana. Ko te whakahekenga utu te kaha akiaki tino kaha. Ko te utu o te IC ko te whānui o te rārangi. Waihoki, ki te piki ake te whānui o te papa silicon, ka piki ake tōna horahanga, ka tata piki ake te maha o ngā IC i runga i te papa silicon, ā, ka piki ake te tere paahi maramara i te wā kotahi. Koinei te take i piki tonu ai te horahanga o ngā papa silicon i roto i ngā tau: 5 inihi, 6 inihi, 8 inihi, 12 inihi... Ko te whakahekenga utu IC he whakaiti i te rahi o ngā papa silicon. He mahi anō hoki te whakaiti i te rahi o te kete, e kore e whakatutuki noa i ngā hiahia o ngā hua hiko kia iti ake, kia māmā ake, engari ka tino whakaitihia hoki te utu mō te takai, inā koa mō ngā taputapu hiko. Nā te nui o te rahinga o te takai, ko te utu mō te takai te wāhanga nui o te utu o te hua katoa. Nā te mea he moni ngā rauemi, ehara ēnei i te rauemi noa.

He mea nui te whakaiti i te whānui me te rōrahi o te raina ki ngā IC matihiko. Ahakoa te whakaiti i te rahi me te taumaha o ngā hua hiko, ka whakanuia hoki te auau mahi o te ara iahiko, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga hiko. Engari kāore tēnei i te āhua mō ngā IC hiko. Kua kitea e koe kāore te pono o te au 7805 i te pai pērā i mua? Ae, engari kua heke tōna au putanga mōrahi mai i te 1.5A taketake ki te 1A o nāianei, kua tata ngaro te tawhē mana taketake mō te whakahaere ā-roto i te mea ka whakaitihia te horahanga maramara. Hei tāpiri, ko tōna takai tuatahi he TO-3 whakarewa katoa, ā, i muri mai he kirihou + whakarewa TO-220. Ināianei ko te nuinga he TO-220F kirihou katoa, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha, te rahi, me te utu. Ka pakaru tonu ina utaina. Nō reira, ki te hoahoa tonu koe i ngā hua kia rite ki ō tikanga taketake, ka māmā ake te raru. Tata ki ngā taputapu hiko katoa, tae atu ki ngā IC, ngā transistors (MOSFET, transistors bipolar, diodes), me ētahi atu, he raruraru pēnei. I mua, i hoatu e te kaihanga he tohu ki a koe, ā, i waiho he tawhē mōna. Inaianei ka hoatu he tohu tūturu ki a koe. Kāore he tawhē. Me pupuri e koe te tawhē! Ki te kore, whiriwhiria e koe a xxxxA, arā, ko xxxxB. Ko te tikanga, kua piki ake hoki ngā utu. Kupu pai: he paionia, he auaha; kupu kino: he tapahi i ngā kokonga!

6. Te Kōwhiringa Hua He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana ko te hoko te mana matua ki te whakahaere i ngā utu me te whiriwhiringa, engari kāore au i te whakaaro pēnā. Inaa, ehara te pūtake o te whakahaere utu i te ringa o te kaihoko. Ina kei te ringa o te kaihoko te BOM, kua oti kē te whakarite, ā, he mea tino pono. Ko te mohio o ngā kaihoko te mea pai rawa atu. Ko te kī ki te whakahaere utu kei roto i te R&D. Mena me whakawhanake, me whakahou rānei i ngā hua, ko ēhea hua (ngā wāhanga) me whiriwhiri e koe, ā, mā wai? Ka whakatau i te utu o ngā hua kua oti ā muri ake nei. Ki taku whakaaro me ngana te whiriwhiri hua ki te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hua he nui ngā rahinga whakaputa me ngā utu whakataetae katoa i te mākete. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā puna hiko, ngā pūmana iti, ngā ara iahiko atanga, tae atu ki ngā whakawhiti, ngā pūoko, me ētahi atu hei tohutoro, tae atu ki ngā pouaka whakaata, ngā rorohiko, ngā papa, ngā hauhautanga, ngā oumu whakapūmau, ngā mana mamao, ngā pahikara hiko, ngā horoi korehau, ngā mita hiko, ngā mita wai, ngā pouara ahokore, ngā mata rorohiko, ngā pūreretā me ētahi hua matihiko me ētahi atu. He aha ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana e rātou? Mena ka taea e ēnei wāhanga te mahi, me whiriwhiri koe i ēnei me te kore e whakaroa. He aha ai? Nā te mea he nui ngā rahinga o ēnei hua, he tino aro ki te utu. Mena kāore i te teitei te mahi utu, ā, kāore i te tino pono te kounga, e kore e tino whānuitia te whakamahinga. I tēnei wā, kāore he take kia kitea e tātou tētahi atu huarahi. Ahakoa kāore pea e taea e tātou te whiwhi i te utu ōrite mai i ēnei kaihanga, ko te utu whānui o ēnei momo me tino whakataetae. I taua wā anō, nā te nui o te rahinga, ka maha ngā kaihanga taketake e whakarato ana i ngā hua ōrite, hototahi rānei, nō reira, kāore ianei e tino whakamanahia te tuku me te utu ā muri ake nei? Kia whiwhi koe i te maramara ūnga, ko te pātai ko wai hei whiriwhiri māu. Kaua e whakaititia ko wai hei whiriwhiri māu. Mā wai hei whiriwhiri māu e whakatau ko wai hei hoko hua ā muri ake nei. Nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka whakatinanahia e te wheketere taketake he pūnaha rēhita mō te whakahaere i ngā kaihoko, arā, ina tae te kaihoko me te kaihoko ki tētahi whakaaetanga, ka rēhitatia te kaihoko hei kaihoko a te kaihoko. I tēnei wā, kāore e taea e ētahi atu kaihoko te whakarato ratonga me ngā hua ki tēnei kaihoko me te kore he āhuatanga motuhake. Waihoki, kāore e taea e tēnei kiritaki te kimi i tētahi atu kaihoko hei whakarato hua me ngā ratonga. I roto i te poto, ina whakaū ngā taha e rua i tā rāua hiahia ki te mahi tahi, ka noho te kiritaki hei kiritaki o tētahi tari. Nō reira, me tūpato koe ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi hua māu. He pai ake te waiho i tēnei take ki te hunga hoko. Ko te tikanga, he mōhio ake rātou i ngā miihini R&D, ā, ko tā rātou kawenga anō hoki tēnei.

Kia tūpato: He aha te tikanga o te whakaae tahi? I ētahi wā ka whakaaro koe kua kōrero noa ahau ki te FAE o tēnei tari mō ētahi take hangarau, ā, ko ngā mōhiohio i tonoa e au kei roto i te whānuitanga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero engari kāore i whakaū i te mahi tahi a meake nei. He aha ahau i rēhita ai hei kiritaki o tēnei tari? Engari kāore pea te kaihoko e kite i tēnei huarahi. Kua whakaratohia e ia he ratonga ki a koe, ā, ehara koe i te kiritaki o ētahi atu kaihoko. Ko te tikanga, ko tana kiritaki koe, ā, ka taea anake te tuku ota a meake nei i konei. Nō reira, i ētahi wā me aro ngā taha e rua, me ngana ki te whakamārama i ngā mea i mua i te wā kia kore ai e pōhēhē, kia kore ai hoki e pouri te katoa a meake nei. He pai te whakaaro o te kiritaki. Ina kāore anō ia kia whakatau ko tēhea kaihoko hei mahi tahi a meake nei, kaua e tino hohonu te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kia kore ai e mārama. Ko te tikanga, me atawhai ake ētahi kaihoko. Ki te kore e tino nui, kaua e manukanuka. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakapā atu ki te kaihanga taketake, engari ki te kore e nui te kaihoko, ko te kaihanga taketake te tikanga e whakaatu ana i te kiritaki ki tā rātou kaihoko. Whakaarohia, me tuku e te kaihanga taketake te tūtohu i tētahi kaihoko, ka kitea rānei e koe? He maha ngā wā he rārangi roa o ngā kaihoko o Dayuan Factory. He tari me ngā peka kei te motu katoa. Ko wai me rapu e au? He rerekē te āhua o ia kaihoko, ā, he rerekē hoki ngā tikanga me ngā rautaki hoko. He tino whai rawa ētahi, ka huri ō rātou ringa hei kapua me te ua, ā, he hiahia nui ki te mahi hokohoko nui me te mahi hokohoko nui. Ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki te arotahi ki ētahi mara motuhake, me te tumanako kia noho hei kaiārahi i roto i tēnei mara, kia nohoia ai tēnei toru-hautoru o te eka. Mena he nui ngā ota a meake nei, ka whakamatautauria hoki te kaha pūtea o te kaihoko. Mena kāore he raruraru pēnei, me whakaaro koe ki tētahi kaihoko he nui ake te pono me ngā hua ngaio me te tautoko hangarau. He maha ngā wā ka pai ake te kaha o ngā kaihoko ngaio ki te tuku tohutohu ngaio. Hei tauira: he iti ake te utu o ētahi taputapu mana-nui i ngā taputapu mana-iti. He aha ai? Nā te mea he maha āna kaihoko mō tēnei tauira, ā, he nui āna taonga, he pai ake te utu. I ētahi wā, ka ārahi ā-hinengaro ngā kaihoko i ētahi kaihoko mana-iti ki te whakamahi i āna taputapu mana-nui. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, he aha e kore ai e whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu mana-nui i te utu kotahi, i te utu iti iho rānei? He pai te utu, he teitei te pono, ā, he māmā hoki te whakahaere taonga. Mā tēnei ka taea e te kaihoko te whakapakari ake i tōna painga ki te whiwhi taonga, ā, i te wa ano, ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te rarangi taonga (ka iti ake te mōrearea o te rarangi taonga ki te iti o ngā momo).

Ae, tera anō tētahi atu take mō ngā kaihoko. Kei hea atu koe e whiwhi ai i tētahi taputapu pēnei me tētahi utu pēnei i tua atu i ahau? Ka pupuri noa ahau i tēnei hautoru o te eka whenua. Hei painga mō ētahi atu me koe anō, ka harikoa te katoa! (Aroha mai, ināianei ka kiia ko te "toa-toa"). Hei pupuri i tēnei whenua e toru eka, i mahi kaha hoki te kaihoko, ā, i whakapau moni nui. Ko te FAE rawaka me te ngaio te huarahi matua. Ae, he painga tēnei mō ngā kiritaki. Ka taea e te FAE ngaio te whakarato ratonga hangarau kore utu ngaio mō te whakapai ake me te whakawhanake i ngā hua. Mai i ngā hoahoa tohutoro ki te Total Solutions. Mena he raruraru kei roto i te whakaputanga, kei te waea tonu mātou, ā, ka taea e mātou te whakaoti wawe. Me pēhea e taea ai e koe te whiriwhiri ake mō tētahi taumata ratonga pēnei? Nā te maha o ngā momo, he pai te taonga o ēnei kaihoko. He maha ā rātou ota kāore i runga i ngā ota a te kiritaki mai i te wheketere taketake, engari i runga i ngā matapae tono a te kiritaki. I ētahi wā, ka whakamahia hoki e rātou te utu pai hei tiki i te maha o ngā taonga i runga i te āhuatanga o te tuku me te tono o te wheketere taketake. Mā tēnei, ka whakamanahia ngā tono a ngā kiritaki mō ngā taonga i ngā wā katoa. He mea nui ake ki ahau te tuku me te tuku i te wā tika i ētahi wā i te utu. He rite tonu te wheako ki ngā pūmana iti (MCU) (kia tūpato, he iti ake te utu o ngā mīhini 8-bit o ēnei rā i ngā mīhini 4-bit).

Ka whakaratohia e ngā kaihoko ngā maramara e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu kāinga. Ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i tētahi, i ētahi maramara rānei he nui te mahara me te maha o ngā atanga hei whakahaere i ngā hua katoa. Whakaritehia he PCB kotahi, ka tuhia anō ngā kaupapa rerekē mō ngā hua rerekē. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki tētahi atanga tahuritanga A/D, he rerekē rawa te utu o tētahi pūmana iti me tētahi atanga A/D. me aha? Waimarie, ki te kore e teitei te tika o te tahuritanga, ka tūtohu te FAE a te kaihoko i tētahi ara iahiko iti ka taea te whakatauira i tētahi atanga A/D me ngā wāhanga e toru, ā, ka whakatauhia tēnei raruraru. Me aha ahau mena he motuhake te hua, ā, kāore e kitea e au tētahi hua tohutoro mō tētahi wā? He mātāpono tēnei: ​​i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi hua, ngana ki te urutau ki te hua, kaua e tuku i te hua kia urutau ki ahau. He aha te tikanga? I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā tauira, ka taea e koe te whakapā atu ki ētahi kaihoko me te whakarongo ki ā rātou whakataki FAE me te Hoko. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi MOSFET, ka taea e koe te kimi he aha ngā tauira matua me ngā tauira e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te whānuitanga tono e hiahiatia ana? Mena ka tutuki ngā tawhā matua i ngā whakaritenga tono engari kāore ētahi tawhā i te pai, ka taea e koe te whakaaro ki ngā huarahi hei hanga i ētahi huringa? Hei tauira: ki te nui te ia turuturu, ā, ki te nui te ātete-ā, tirohia tuatahi mēnā ka taea te wikitoria? Ka taea te whakarerekē i te ara iahiko kia rite ki tēnei taputapu ūnga? I roto i te raupapa hua roa o te wheketere taketake, he maha ngā taputapu e aro ana ki ētahi mākete o tāwāhi me ngā kiritaki motuhake. Kāore i te tūtohutia i te mākete Haina, ā, he onge te whakamahi a ngā kiritaki.

Ki te whakaaro noa koe he tino watea mō tō tono, ā, ka whiriwhiri koe i tēnei tauira, ka maha ngā raruraru ka pā mai ki a koe. Tērā pea ka roa ētahi wiki ki te tono tauira. Nā te mea kāore te kaihanga taketake e taunaki ana, kāore e wātea ana i roto i te whare pukapuka tauira, ā, kāore hoki i te FAE. He nui ake te raruraru o ngā ota PP. Ki te kore e eke ki te rahinga ota iti rawa (MOQ), ka whakahaerehia e te kaihoko te rahinga tāpiri, ka puritia rānei e koe? Ki te kore e pai te haere o te PP, ā, e hiahiatia ana tētahi atu PP engari kei te ngaro tonu te rahinga tāpiri taketake, ka nui ake te uaua. Āe, kua pahemo te PP, ā, kua puta te raruraru MP. Me tika te Matapae, ā, kāore e taea te whakarerekē i te PO. He uaua ki ngā kiritaki o nāianei te mahi i tēnei. Āe, ahakoa ka mahi koe. Mēnā he raruraru kei te tuku mai i te wheketere taketake, ka waiho hei karanga mō te kore whakautu i ia rā, me te karanga mō te korenga! Kei hea ahau e kite ai i ngā puna taonga me ngā whakakapinga? Mā wai e āwhina i a koe? Ki te tatari koe kia tae ki te mutunga o te tau ki te whiriwhiri utu, me pēhea e taea ai e koe te whiriwhiri mō te hoko? He mea whakamā nui ki te kaihoko te pupuri i te utu taketake, nā te mea kua tahuna kētia rātou! Ina tae mai ngā taonga, kāore ngā kaihoko e kohi i te wā tika; ina pau ngā taonga, ka hamama, ka amuamu ngā kaihoko. Ko wai ka taea te whakamanawanui? Nō reira, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga R&D ina whakapai ake, ina whakawhanake hoki i ngā hua. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā hua "ahurei" ka rua te hua ka puta, me te haurua o te kaha. Kia whiriwhiria e koe te tauira, ka taea e koe te hoko i ngā mea kei te heke mai me te ngāwari; ki te kore, ka uaua ki te heke iho.

Ki te whakaaro tetahi ko te whakaiti i ngā utu he whakaroa noa iho i te utu mā te hoko me te mahi tinihanga, kāti ka tino whakahaweatia rātou. He pai ake te titiro matatau, te whai hua mōu ake, me te whakautehia e ētahi atu.

Te utu me te utu o ngā hua whānui Ina mahi tahi tātou me ngā kaihoko, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te utu i te mutunga. Nā te mea kua mārama tātou ki ngā hua haurua-ira me ō rātou hanganga utu, me hoki tātou ki te mahi. E mārama ana tātou ko te utu o tētahi hua ka whakatauhia e te mākete, kaua ko te utu e kiia nei ko te utu (haunga ngā hua motuhake takitahi). Ahakoa e mārama ana tātou ki te utu o tēnei hua, ā, he whakaaro anō hoki tō tātou mōna, kāore he take e whakahuatia ai i te wā e kōrero ana mō te utu, nā te mea ko te utu te mahi a te hoa whawhai, kāore he pānga ki a koe! Nāu i kī, engari kāore te taha kē i harikoa. Ko te utu mākete o tētahi hua he 1 yuan. Ahakoa he 1 hēneti noa iho te utu, e kore ia e hoko atu ki a koe mō te 9 hēneti. I tētahi atu taha, ki te 2 yuan tana utu, e kore koe e tuku ota māna mō te 2 yuan me te wairangi. He māmā noa te take, ko te mākete te whakatau i te utu, ā, kāore he pānga ki te utu. Mā wai tātou e hoko he hua me te utu mākete o te 1 yuan, he kaihoko? he kaihokohoko? Mō tētahi hua e 1 yuan te utu mākete, ka taea e tātou te tohe kia 9 hēneti, 8 hēneti rānei, 9 hēneti, 5 hēneti rānei, kia iti iho rānei?

Ki taku whakaaro ka taea e tātou te wehewehe tuatahi i ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana kia hokona kia rua ngā wāhanga: te kaupapa whānui me te kaupapa motuhake. Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te ao whānui e pā ana ki ētahi hua i hangaia e te tini o ngā kaihanga ka taea te ao whānui me te hototahi. Pērā i: te raupapa 78xx, te raupapa arorau 74xxxx, me ētahi whakakaha whakahaere, ngā kaiwhakatairite ngaohiko, ngā MOSFET, ngā diode, ngā transistors, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā āhuatanga o ēnei hua ko: te iti o te uara, te kaha o te whakamahinga, me te maha o ngā kaihanga. Mō te hoko i ēnei hua, ki taku whakaaro he pai ake te hoko mai i ngā kaihokohoko. Ko ngā kaihokohoko e kōrerohia ana i konei e pā ana ki ngā kamupene he tauine motuhake, he nui te nui o ngā taonga tū, me te taurangi muri-hoko, pērā i raro nei. (He iti te tauine o ētahi kaihokohoko i tēnei wā, ā, kāore he taonga tū, ā, he maha ngā wā ka rapu taonga i runga i ngā ota a te kiritaki. Me whai whakaaro me te uara te noho o ēnei kamupene. Me pēhea taku whakamahi i ō rātou kaha hei painga mōku? Ka matapakihia e tātou i muri mai.) Ka taea e koe te ngana ki te kimi i tētahi kaihoko me te ota o te 7805 1kk, ka kite mēnā ka manaaki rātou i a koe me te ataata. He aha ai? Ahakoa ka taea te whakarewa angitu i tēnei pakihi, ko te utu toharite mō te 1KK he 100K noa iho i te marama. Ahakoa he $0.10 te utu mō ia wāhanga, he pakihi 10,000 tāra US. Mena he 5% te hua moni, ko te utu anake he 3,000 RMB.

Kia tirohia anō tēnei kaihoko. Tuatahi, me hanga e rātou ngā Matapae mō ngā kaihanga taketake. Mō ēnei hua kāore he ihirangi hangarau, he iti te uara, ā, kāore e "whiwhi" moni, he maha ngā wā ka tohaina e ngā kaihanga taketake. He maha ngā wā ka āraia ngā matapae a ngā kaihoko. Kotahi te maripi; i taea e au te huri ki te PO, ā, kāore te wheketere taketake e whakaū i te wā tuku mōu. Ahakoa pēhea, ina kitea e koe i roto i te pūnaha, ka rite koe ki te tuku i te tiwhikete me te kohi i ngā taonga; ki te whakaroahia i roto i te pūnaha, kāore koe e hiahia ki te tere. Ahakoa ka akiaki koe i ahau, kāore he tangata e aro mai ki a koe. Nō reira, ki te tae wawe koe, me kawe e koe, me waiho ki roto i te whare putunga. He taumaha tēnei mea, ā, he nui te wāhi e pau ana. Ina tae wawe ahau, ka haere mai ngā kaihoko ki te whakamahara i ahau i ia rā, ka whakawehi mai i ahau i ia wā. Ka taea te tuku i ngā taonga, engari e hiahia ana te kaihoko kia tukuna e koe he kaikawe nā te mea kua roa rawa te raina whakaputa. Aue, me pēhea te tuku i tēnei mea mā te tuku tere? Engari kāore he huarahi kē atu, ko wai ka whakaroa? Hei whakamutunga, ina tae atu ki te kaihoko, kei reira tonu ngā rā 30 me te 60 o te utunga ia marama e tatari ana. I roto i tēnei wā roa, ka rerekē anō hoki ngā utu. Ki te piki te utu mākete, ka mea ngā kaihoko, "He kirimana tuatahi, ā, ka mahia e mātou i runga i te kirimana." Ki te heke te utu, ka mea ngā kaihoko, "I mea mai tō mātou rangatira, kua iti te utu, me aha ahau?" Ka taea e au te whakatau i te pire i te utu taketake? I muri i tēnei rauna, ki te taea tonu e koe te whiwhi 10, 8 rānei yuan i roto i te 3,000 yuan, ka waimarie koe me te kore e ngaro te moni. I ētahi wā, ki te kore e pai te haere o ngā mea, ka wareware noa rātou ki te mate, ā, he maha ngā wā ka raru rātou ki ngā kaihoko. Ahakoa kua kaha te mahi a ngā kaihoko, kua whakaroahia e rātou te whakaputanga, ā, ki te whakapae ngā rangatira i a rātou, ka pai te titiro a ngā kaihoko ki a rātou? Ki te kore koe e noho hoa i te mutunga, he nui ake te mate i te hua. Ko wai ka taea te whakamanawanui i tēnei mamae? Mō ēnei hua whānui, he pai ake te hiahia o ngā kaihoko ki te mahi tahi me ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kaihokohoko. I te tīmatanga o te tau, i hanga tuatahitia e au he Matapae mō xxxKK, ā, i tatari kia uru mai te kaihanga taketake, kātahi ka whakawhiti atu ki te PO. Mēnā kāore i te wātea ngā taonga, kāore ngā kaihokohoko e akiaki i ahau. Ahakoa rā, he taonga, he waitohu rānei ā rātou e wātea ana. Ina tae mai ngā taonga, waea mai ki ahau, ā, mā rātou e whakarite kia kohia, ā, ka whakawāteahia te moni. Haere mai me te ringa kotahi, ka haere me te ringa kē, ahakoa kotahi, e rua rānei ngā tohu ka whiwhi moni. Mēnā ka kitea e te kaihoko whakamutunga he kaihoko, ka nui ake tō rātou hiahia ki te whakaatu i te kaihoko ki ā rātou kaihokohoko, ā, ka koa te katoa. Mō te wheketere taketake, he aha ai te mahi tonu mēnā kāore e whiwhi moni? Ki taku whakaaro ko te take matua ko ētahi kaihoko e whakamahi ana i ā rātou maramara matua me ngā maramara nui e hiahia ana ki ēnei maramara. Mā te whakamutu i te tuku o ēnei maramara āwhina ka ngaro pea ēnei kaihoko; engari ko te take matua ko: me "taurite" te hanga o ngā hua haurua-ira, arā, he putanga pumau ia marama.

Ā, he wā motuhake te tono a te mākete, arā, ko te wā kore-wā me te wā pīki. Ina kore e ranea ngā ota whakaputa, ka hiahia te wheketere taketake ki ēnei hua maha-whakamahinga me te nui hei whakakī i aua hua. Koia te take e tono pinepinetia ai ēnei hua me te kore e mōhio ki te wā tuku tika. Mō ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kaihokohoko, ka taea e rātou te kawe i te 3, 4, neke atu rānei ngā waitohu i te wā kotahi. He whānui te wātea o ēnei hua, ā, ka taea te whakamahi e ngā whare katoa. Kāore rātou e wehi i ngā mahi whakaroa, ā, i te nuinga o te wā he roa ake ngā rā hurihanga. Ahakoa te wā me te toa he iti ake te utu, ka hokona e au te waitohu. Nō reira, he nui rawa ā rātou taonga, ā, he maha ngā wā ko ngā utu pai rawa atu. Ae, i te wā e hoko ana, ka kitea e koe he maha ngā kaihokohoko rerekē hei whakataurite i ngā utu. Kāore koe e mate i te hokohoko haere. Ahakoa te kaihokohoko kotahi ka taea te tirotiro mēnā he rerekētanga ngā utu o ngā waitohu rerekē? He aha koe ka manukanuka ai mō te kore e whiwhi i te utu pai rawa atu? Heoi, ki taku whakaaro he koretake te whakataurite i runga i te utu anake, nā te mea he tino ōrite. He nui noa te titiro ki te ratonga me te ingoa o te kamupene me te arotahi ki tētahi, ki ētahi kamupene rānei. Mā te mahi tahi mō te wā roa ka marino, ka harikoa te katoa. He mea nui te utu. Kāore e taea e koe te mahi i tāu e hiahia ana. Heoi anō, he whakaata tēnei i tō ake taumata mahi me tō pūkenga, tae atu ki te whakawhirinaki o tō rangatira me ō kaiārahi. Engari kaua e tino kaha rawa te whakahaere. Mena he raruraru kei te kounga o te kaiwhakarato, kei te tuku rānei, kua memeha haere ngā hua iti i whiwhi koe. Ka pā kino ki a koe anō, ā, kāore hoki e pai mō te kamupene.

8. Te Utu me te Utu o ngā Hua Motuhake He aha te tikanga o tētahi hua motuhake (IC)? Inaa, kāore au i te mōhio me pēhea te tautuhi i a au anō. Ae, he tino motuhake ā rātou whakamahinga, pērā i: ngā maramara pouaka whakaata LCD, ngā maramara rorohiko papa, ngā maramara pouaka-runga, me ētahi atu. Engari ehara tēnei i te mea tino tika. Hei tauira, he maha ngā mara tono o ētahi pūmana iti me ngā maramara DSP, engari he maha ngā wā ka whakarōpūhia e mātou hei maramara motuhake. Kāore ngā kaihoko e whakahua i ētahi maramara me te kore e whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga o te kiritaki. Kāore ngā kaiwhakamahi o ēnei maramara e hoatu ki ngā kaihoko me te kore he whakaū mai i te kaihanga taketake. Ki taku whakaaro ko ēnei ngā maramara motuhake e whakahuatia pinepinetia ana e mātou. Ko te utu o ngā ara iahiko whakauru ka wehea whānuitia ki ngā utu hanga, ngā utu whakawhanake me ngā utu hoko, engari he tino raruraru ēnei katoa. Ahakoa pēhea, he aha ngā kaute ka ripoatahia i ngā wā rerekē. Mena ka hangaia te ara iahiko whakauru e te kaihanga tonu, ko te whakahekenga uara taputapu te nuinga o te utu hanga. Engari ehara i te mea ko tēnei hua anake te hua o tēnei taputapu. Me pēhea te tohatoha tika i tēnei wāhanga o te utu? Haunga ngā anga silicon, ka tohaina hoki ētahi atu wai, hiko, me te hau. Ki te kī tonu te kaha whakaputa, kāore he aha. Ki te nui rawa te kaha whakaputa, mā wai e utu te utu mō te toenga o te wāhanga? Haha, ehara tēnei i te moni iti.

Ae, ki te tukuna te maramara me te mōkihi ki waho, he tino māmā te tatau i te utu hanga. Ahakoa pēhea, ko te utu tukatuka a ētahi atu ko te utu hanga o te IC. Ko ngā utu whakawhanake te mea kino rawa atu hei kī. Ko te pātai māmā rawa, e kiia ana ko ngā utu o te heamana me te Tumu Whakahaere Matua he utu whakawhanake? Ahakoa pēhea, ka taea e tēnei kete te whakauru i te mea e hiahia ana koe. Ki te hohonu ake, ki te mea he utu pumau te utu whakawhanake, e hia te utu e tohaina ana e ia IC? Ko te whakawhanaketanga hua te tuatahi, ā, ko ngā hokonga te muri. He uaua ki te kī. Mena he rahinga whainga i te wā e whakawhanakehia ai te hua, engari i roto i te huringa ora mai i te tīmatanga o ngā hokonga ki te whakakorenga whakamutunga o te hua, ko te maha o ngā hokonga ka maha tau i muri mai (ko te tikanga, i ētahi wā he maha marama), ā, he nui rawa te rahinga o tēnei rerekētanga rahinga. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te 1 miriona me te 10 miriona he 10 ngā wā. Nō reira, ki te kōrerohia e te kaiwhakarato te utu ki a koe, ā, ka whakamanamana mō te nui o ā rātou utu whakawhanake, ka taea e tō hinengaro te kopikopiko me te whakaaro ki ngā kupu rongonui: kata noa iho. Kāore anō kia roa rawa te wā e hoki ake ai ō whakaaro ina oti te whiriwhiri i te utu.

He wāhanga nui anō hoki ngā utu hoko, tae atu ki te hoko-mua me te hoko-muri. I mua, he māmā noa iho ngā tono IC, ā, he maha ngā wā ka taea e ngā kaihanga tono a ngā kaihanga te whakahaere i aua mea. I ēnei rā, kei te whanake haere ngā IC ki te taumata pūnaha. Haunga ngā taputapu, he hononga tata hoki ki ngā pūmanawa me ngā pūmanawa tuatoru. Kāore ngā kaihoko e makona ki ngā hoahoa tohutoro ngāwari engari me whai huinga katoa o ngā otinga tono. He mea nui rawa atu tēnei i ngā kaha o ngā kaihanga IC. Me mahi tahi rātou me ngā kamupene hoahoa tuatoru ngaio hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko, ā, me hoko mai hoki i ngā pūmanawa tuatoru e tika ana hei whakarato kore utu ki ngā kaihoko. He utu nui anō hoki te ratonga hoko-muri. Mena he raruraru ngā kaihoko i muri i te whakamahinga o te hua, ahakoa te take, ko te kaihanga IC te nuinga o te wā ka whakapā atu ki a ia. I whakaaro rātou ka taea e te wheketere taketake te whakahaere. Inaa, ehara i te mea koinei te āhua. Nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka tukuna te whakamātautau ki waho (i te iti rawa ka tukuna te pūmanawa whakamātautau ki waho), ehara i te mea ngāwari te tātari rahunga hua. Nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka whakatauhia e te whakamātautau hua wheketere mēnā he tohu, he kore tohu rānei, kāore tetahi e mōhio he aha ngā tawhā motuhake kāore i te tohu. Mena he raruraru pūnaha kei roto, e kore rawa e taea e te kaihanga te whakaoti, ā, ka puta he whakapaunga tāpiri.

Ahakoa he nui te haumitanga mō ia hua IC mai i te whanaketanga ki te whakaurunga whakamutunga ki te mākete, ahakoa pēhea, kei te whakanui tonu mātou ko te utu anake o ngā hua monopoli mākete e pā ana ki te "utu", pērā i: te penehīni, te hiko, te wai tap, me ētahi atu. I ia wā ka "whakatikatika" rātou i ngā utu, nā te mea ka piki ake ngā "utu". Kāore he whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā utu hua kua hokohokohia katoatia me ngā utu. Kua piki ake ngā utu rauemi, kua piki ake ngā utu pūngao, ā, kua piki ake ngā utu mahi. Kua kite koe i te pikinga o ngā utu o ngā pouaka whakaata, rorohiko, mīhini horoi me ngā pouaka whakamātao? Ko te nuinga o ngā hua haurua-ā-ringa (haunga: ngā kāri kawe, ngā kāri hauora, me ngā kāri rerekē e tika ana mō te oranga, te mahi, me te pakihi) he hua kua hokohokohia katoatia. Ka taea anake te whakanui ake i te utu o ngā hua haurua-ā-ringa mā te whakapae noa iho, ehara i te pikinga. Nō hea te utu o te IC? Ko te utu o ngā hua whānui ka whakatauhia e te mākete; ko te utu o ngā hua motuhake ka whakatauhia e ngā kaiwhakataetae. Hei tauira: Ko ngā kōwae IGBT mō ngā hauhautanga inverter e whakaratohia ana e ngā kamupene e rua, ā, he kaiwhakataetae rātou. Ko ngā utu hoko o ngā hua ka rite tonu ki te tohutoro a tētahi ki tētahi.

Ka taea e koe te aro nui, he tini ngā tauira kei te taha. He mea nui kia mārama ki tēnei! Ko te whāinga matua o te whiriwhiri utu me te whakaiti i ngā utu. Kimihia te huarahi tika, ā, tīmata āta whakaiti. E whakaaro ana ētahi hoa he māmā ake te whiriwhiri me te whakaiti i te utu o ngā hua whānui. Nā te mea he maha ngā kaiwhakarato me te whakataetae nui, he māmā ake te whai hua a ngā kaihao ika. He maha ngā wā kotahi, tokorua rānei ngā kaiwhakarato hua motuhake. He māramatanga puku tā rātou ki a rātou anō, ā, kāore he take ki te whiriwhiri i te utu! Heoi, ko taku whakaaro he tino rerekē.

Ko te whai i te mahi a te tini o ngā kaihoko IC ko te whakatū i tētahi āhua pakihi pai mō te kamupene (ngā mahi, ngā pūtea, me ētahi atu); te whakarite i te pakihi pumau me ngā hua; te kimi i ngā kaihoko pai ake, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā painga e kōrero ana mō rātou anō. Me pēhea e taea ai e koe te noho hei kaihoko pēnei i te wā e taea ai? Kāore au i te whakakatakata noa. Inaa, kāore au i te mōhio. Kāore āku whakautu ki tēnei pātai. Me i kōrero atu ahau ki a koe, me teka ahau ki a koe, ki te kore kua...

I roto i te toa pukapuka i te taunga rererangi, he maha ngā wā ka whakatangihia e te pouaka whakaata whakaaturanga he porowhita o tētahi e kōrero ana mō te whakahaere pakihi me te whakahaere. He ranu te tangi me te kare ā-roto, ā, he tino pārekareka te whakarongo ki tēnā. Engari i taku ekenga ki te waka rererangi, ā, i taku marino me taku whakaaroaro, te āhua nei kāore i pērā. He maha ngā wā ka tapaina rātou he kaikorero, engari he onge noa iho he kaipakihi. He māmā noa iho te take. Tuatahi, kāore he wā waatea o ngā kaipakihi. Tuarua, kāore he wā o ngā kaipakihi ki te whiwhi moni. Me pēhea e whai wā ai rātou ki te whakaaro ki te whiwhi moni? Ae, kei reira anō hoki ngā kaipakihi e whakaputa pukapuka ana, e tuku kōrero ana. Heoi, e whakapono ana koe ki ā rātou kōrero angitu me ā rātou wheako? Kāore au i te whakapono! Nō nā tata nei, i tūtaki ahau ki te kaiwhakahaere o tētahi wheketere taketake o Ūropi, ā, i kōrero ahau mō te mākete Haina. Ko āna whakaaro, ōna māramatanga, me āna whakaritenga te āhua nei i whakahihiko i a mātou. He kamupene hangarau oro rongonui tēnei o Ūropi e kore e raihana noa i ngā hangarau patent engari e hanga ana hoki i ngā IC. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wehewehe auau, te tuku, te whakanui, me ētahi atu o mua-oro, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopuoro, ngā whakaranu, me ngā whakakaha. Kāore i taea e rātou te pupuri i te mākete nui o Haina. I te tuatahi i whakamahia e rātou he kaihoko o tāwāhi hei whakatairanga me te hoko i te tuawhenua, engari i kite rātou kua hipa kē te taha kē i ō rātou kaha, ā, ka mārama haere rātou: He tāngata kei te kōrero Hainamana, ā, ka taea e rātou te mahi i ngā mea Hainamana. He tikanga pakihi anō ā te hunga Hainamana o tāwāhi, a Taiwan, a Hong Kong, a te tuawhenua, me ētahi atu, ā, me nui ake te whai pānga o te hunga o te tuawhenua ki ngā kiritaki o te tuawhenua.

Nō reira, ka tīmata rātou ki te whakaaro ki te rapu i ngā kaihoko "ngaio" i Haina matua. He aha ā rātou paerewa mō te rā matapo? Kāore e taea te nui rawa te kaihoko. Heoi anō, he tino ngaio tēnei IC, ā, he iti noa te mākete tono. Kāore e taea e te kaihoko nui rawa te tiaki i tētahi pakihi iti pēnei. Ae, kāore e taea te iti rawa. Heoi anō, me whai kaimahi me te haumaru pūtea tonu. I roto i a rātou, ko te mea e kore e paheke te mea pai rawa atu. I tēnei wā, me mahi tātou i roto i tēnei mara tono me te whai tautoko tono ngaio. Mena ka taea e koe te whakawhanake, te whakawhanake tahi rānei i ngā tono, koinei te mea pai rawa atu. He mārama hoki tā rātou take, arā, mā roto i ngā hoa mahi, ka taea e rātou te mārama tonu ki te mākete: He aha te kaha o tēnei ahumahi? Ko wai ngā kaiwhakaari matua (ngā kaiwhakarato, ngā kiritaki)? He aha te arotahi matua a te kiritaki, te kounga, te utu, te ratonga hangarau? Ko tēhea otinga te mea ngāwari ki te whakauru, me pēhea te whakawhānui i muri i te whakaurunga? Ka taea te whai hongere hokohoko i te papaanga hei āwhina tonu i te whakawhānui i te mākete mō te hua?

He māmā noa iho te paerewa, kāore i te teitei, engari ko te uauatanga tūturu i hipa ake i ā rātou tumanakohanga. He maha ngā taunakitanga whaiaro, engari he tino onge ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihoko "ngaio". Me whai, engari kāore anō kia kitea. Whai muri i ētahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te āhua nei kua whai māramatanga ahau. Ae! E hia o ō tātou hoa e hiahia ana ki te whakatuwhera i ā rātou ake kamupene hei "toa rongoā Hainamana" kei a rātou ngā mea katoa e hiahiatia ana e rātou, ā, ka taea te tango ota, e kiia nei ko te ratonga "kotahi-mutu". E wehi ana ahau mēnā kāore e taea e au te whakahaere i ngā kiritaki katoa, ka rapu ahau i ētahi atu kiritaki, ā, i te mutunga, ko taku e taea ai ka tangohia e ētahi atu kamupene. Kei te manukanuka rānei rātou kei whakaaro ngā kiritaki kāore i te rawaka ā rātou ratonga tautoko me ngā āheinga ngoikore, ā, kāore e taea te whiwhi ota nui a muri ake nei. Mā tēnei ara, kei te tawhiti haere ahau i te "ngaio". Ka hoko ētahi hoa i tētahi raina hua i te roanga o tā rātou taea. I te mea ka taea te hoko i te hua hei kaihoko, ka tutuki i ahau ngā whakaritenga katoa. Ina kōrero ngā taha e rua, ka pātai pinepine rātou e hia aku hoko, e hia aku tohu hoko, e hia aku raina hua, e hia aku kaihoko me ngā miihini. He aha te wāhi hokohoko pai rawa atu māku? Whakaarohia ngā whakaaro o ngā tāngata whenua kē, he tino pono. Kāore ia e hiahia ki te whakangungu i tētahi kaihoko ko ia anake. Me tino hiahia ia ki tētahi hoa mahi kua eke ki ngā whakatutukitanga i roto i tēnei mākete, ā, e pai ana ki a ia, ā, ka taea e ia te āwhina i a ia ki te toro atu ki ngā kiritaki me ngā mākete i te wā tere rawa atu. Ka whakaputa hua ahau, ā, he hongere āu, koinei te huarahi e kōrerohia tonutia ana e rātou.

He āputaputa kei waenganui i ngā whakaaro o ngā tāngata whenua ke me tō tātou āhua o nāianei. Kāore e miharo ka kore e kitea e tātou tā tātou e hiahia ana, ā, ka kore e taea te whakatutuki i tā tātou e hiahia ana. I te tūponotanga, i mahara ia i tūtaki ia ki tētahi hoa nō tētahi kaihanga IC rongonui i te tīmatanga o te tau, ā, i kōrero anō hoki ia mō ngā kaihoko. Ko ā rātou hoko e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi kaihoko tino nui. Engari he nui ake tā rātou aro ki te whakawhānui ake i ngā hua hou me ngā mara hou, ehara nei i te mea e pai ana ki aua kaihoko tino nui. Haunga ia, ahakoa tōna ake tari matua o te wheketere taketake, i uaua ki te akiaki i ēnei kaihoko tino nui kia mahi tahi ki tētahi taumata. Kua roa ēnei kaihoko e taunga ana ki te tiki hua taketake me ngā kiritaki nui, kātahi ka whakawhirinaki ki ā rātou moni nui hei hoko. Engari he pēhea te ngāwari o te whakawhirinaki anake ki ngā hoko me te FAE o te wheketere taketake? I whakaaro anō hoki rātou ki te rapu mahi tahi me ētahi kamupene hoahoa tuatoru me ngā kamupene hoko i tētahi mara. Tīmata mā te tohu i ngā taonga mā roto i ngā kaihoko, ā, i te mutunga ka tumanako kia tū motuhake, kia noho hei kaihoko mā rātou. Kua roa tātou kāore i whakapā atu tetahi ki tetahi. Me mahi e rātou ngā mea katoa e hiahia ana rātou ki te mahi, tika? Āe, te āhua nei he tokoiti noa iho te hunga e aro nui ana, e tohe ana hoki kia "ngaio", ahakoa he maha tonu te hunga e whakaatu ana i a rātou anō he "ngaio".

10. Hei kaihoko! I te wā o ngā mihi Kirihimete me te Tau Hou, i kōrero mai te kaiwhakahaere taketake o te wheketere Pre-audio IC i kōrerotia ake nei ki ahau mō tana rapunga kaihoko mō te tuawhenua i ngā rā e rua kua pahure. "Kua roa rawa, i mahara ahau kua oti kē!" He nui atu tēnei i taku i tumanako ai. I whakaae noa ahau: "Āe, ka tirotirohia e au, ā, ka tūtohu atu ahau i tētahi mea pai ki a koe." Kāore i ranea taku taumata reo Pākehā hei mārama katoa i tōna pōhēhētanga. Ki taku whakaaro he tino pukumahi rawa ā tātou kaimahi tohatoha IC, kāore rānei i te nui te whakapono ki a rātou anō, he mea ngaro rānei ā rātou? Nā taku hiahia nui ahau i whakaaro ai mō ēnei kaimahi tohatoha IC. Tērā pea nā tēnei whakataetae tere kua nui ake te aro o te tini ki te whiwhi moni tere me te noho tawhiti atu i te pakihi mō te wā roa. He mea whakamiharo te tirohanga whakamua, engari me whakarite e au ka taea e au te ora tae noa ki te rā e tutuki ai te tirohanga whakamua! Me whai whakaaro ki ngā take tūturu, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka pukumahi tātou ki te pakihi e ahua pukumahi ana i ia rā. He mea miharo tonu ki ahau te whakapau kaha o te nuinga o ōku hoa ki te uiui me pēhea te kimi i ngā huarahi hoko iti te utu, te whakaaro rānei ko tēhea ngā hokonga taketake a te wheketere, a te kaihoko rānei ka taea e rātou te whiwhi. Ko te hua katoa o aua pakihi kāore i te inehia i roto i te ōrau engari i roto i ngā hēneti, i ngā hēneti rānei. Engari he tino pukumahi rātou, ā, he harikoa hoki.

I ētahi wā i muri i te tina, ka tangi rātou mō te uaua o te pakihi, me te mahi wā-wāhanga mā te wheketere taketake, ngā kaihoko, ngā kaikawe, me ngā kaihoko. I ētahi wā, ka pātai ahau kei hea ngā hongere pai me ngā huarahi hei whiwhi moni nui me te mahi pakihi nui. E whakama ana ahau ki te kōrero mō ēnei take nā te mea kāore au i whiwhi moni nui, ā, kāore he otinga pai. Ka taea e au te kōrero noa mōna. Heoi, ki te kōrero ahau mō ōku kare ā-roto i te tūmataiti, he pai ake ki ahau ngā pakihi e pau ana te wā me te mahi nui. Ehara i te mea i whānau mai ahau kia mahi kaha, kia maia hoki ki te aro atu ki ngā wero, engari ki taku whakaaro he pai ake te whakapau kaha mō ēnei momo pakihi. He maha ngā wā ka tīmata te pakihi ngāwari mā te hoko, mena ka pau te kaha me ngā rauemi hei tiki ota. He maha ngā wā ka tīmata te pakihi ngāwari mā te utu me te wā nama. Ngāna ki te kimi huarahi hei whakaiti i tō utu i ētahi atu, ā, ka roa ake te wā nama i ētahi atu. Ko te tikanga, ko te hua o tētahi pakihi pēnei ka taea anake te ine i roto i ngā hēneti me ngā hēneti. I te mutunga, ka kore e whai hua, ka ara ake rānei i te rā e whai ake nei ka kitea kua tahaetia anō e ētahi atu. E ai ki te kōrero, ka hohoro te haere mai, ka hohoro te haere. Nā te mea ka taea te tango ngāwari i te pakihi mai i ētahi atu, ehara i te mea miharo ka tangohia e ētahi atu i roto i ngā meneti ruarua nei. Kāore i te iti te waro, kāore i te penapena pūngao, kāore i te pai ki te taiao, ā, kāore he tirohanga pūtaiao mō te whanaketanga.

I tētahi atu taha, tirohia ngā pakihi e pāngia ana e ngā uauatanga me ngā wero. Ka tīmata ki te Souring, te tuku tauira, te hanga tauira, ā, i te mutunga ko te Total Solution. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa i te whanaketanga taputapu, engari ka āwhina anō hoki i te whanaketanga pūmanawa. I ētahi wā me āwhina tātou i ngā kiritaki ki te whakamahere i ngā "wāhi hokohoko" o ā rātou hua. Nā te mea kua kī te kiritaki ko koe te mea tino mōhio ki te mahi a tō hua, ā, ko koe te mea tino mōhio ki te whakaatu i ēnei mahi pai ki ā tātou kiritaki. I ētahi wā ka riri ahau, "Kua aha ahau? Ki te kore ahau, he aha tāu e hiahia ana kia mahia e ngā tari R&D me te hokohoko? Kei te whakahaere tonu koe i te rā katoa. Kāore tēnei i te tika, kāore tēnā i te pai." Koinā katoa: "He kawenga nui kei te rangi." E te iwi Yusi,..." Kāore hoki i te tino mārama ngā hua o ēnei mahi. Kia puta he hapa nui i roto i tētahi hononga o te R&D, te whakaputa, me te hoko, ka ngaro ngā mahi o mua. Heoi, kāore i te tino teitei te tūponotanga o tēnei. Heoi anō, he haumi nui mā ngā kaihoko te whakawhanake i tētahi hua hou me te tuku ki te mākete, ā, e kore rātou e tere ki roto me te kore whakaaro nui. Ko te hua kino rawa atu ko te kitenga a te kaihoko kāore e taea e te hua whakamutunga te whakatutuki i ngā tumanakohanga, ā, me whakarērea i muri i te tukunga ki te mākete. Engari ko ngā ota i oti i tēnei huringa ka taea te āwhina i te here i te pona, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka noho tonu te taurite. Ae ra, ki te pai te urupare a te mākete, ka kitea ngā hua. Ehara i te mea he pumau, he roa hoki te wā o tēnei momo kotinga, engari he uaua hoki ki te kapohia e ētahi atu.

Ki te hiahia ētahi atu ki te hopu i tēnei pakihi, me mahi anō hoki rātou i taua mea. Ki te kore, me pēhea rātou e whakataetae ai ki te hopu i tētahi pakihi pēnei? Me kaha ia ki te pikau i tētahi "kawenga nui". Mō te ngana ki te "kohi pītiti" mā te tiki i tētahi tangata, i tētahi, i ētahi rānei, ehara i te mea ngāwari. Te kimi rauemi, te R&D, te whakahaere kounga, te hoko, te hokohoko, te kaiārahi, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamātau i ēnei āhuatanga katoa? Heoi anō, ki te whakarērea tētahi kaiwhakarato pēnei, ko wai ka whakamana ka pai ake te mahi a te mea hou? He iti noa ngā kiritaki e pai ana ki te whakamātau i tētahi petipeti pēnei. Kāore e wareware ki ngā kare ā-roto i puta mai i te huarahi. He aha te momo kaihoko e hiahia ana koe kia noho?