Zochitika zazikulu zisanu ndi zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi kugula zinthu m'malire

Zochitika zazikulu zisanu ndi zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi kugula zinthu m'malire

Kugula zinthu m'malire, komwe kumatchedwanso kugula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, kumatanthauza makampani (mabungwe) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti apeze ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi ndikuyang'ana zinthu (katundu ndi ntchito) zabwino kwambiri komanso mitengo yabwino. Kugwirizana kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi kumathandiza mabizinesi kuti apulumuke ndikukula m'dziko latsopano lomwe likusintha mwachangu komanso dongosolo latsopano lazachuma. Khalidwe logula zinthu lakhala njira yayikulu yamabizinesi. Mwanjira ina, kuyang'anira kugula ndi kugulitsa zinthu kungapangitse bizinesi kukhala "chiyambi" cha phindu, kapena kungapangitsenso bizinesi kukhala "malo obisika" a phindu.

Katswiri wa zachuma wotchuka wa ku America, Christopher, adanenapo izi: "Pali maunyolo ogulitsa okha pamsika koma palibe mabizinesi. Mpikisano weniweni si mpikisano pakati pa mabizinesi, koma mpikisano pakati pa maunyolo ogulitsa."

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa chuma padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukwera kwa magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mgwirizano pakati pa mabizinesi akumtunda ndi akumunsi umapangidwa mozungulira chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo za bizinesi yayikulu (kaya bizinesiyo ndi kampani yopanga kapena yogulitsa). Mabizinesi akumtunda ndi akumunsi amakhudza Ogulitsa, opanga ndi ogulitsa, ogulitsa awa, opanga ndi ogulitsa akhoza kukhala akunyumba kapena akunja, ndipo kayendetsedwe ka bizinesi, kayendedwe ka zinthu, kayendedwe ka chidziwitso ndi kayendedwe ka ndalama pakati pa mabizinesi awa zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana.

Lingaliro la unyolo wopereka katundu ndi njira yogwirira ntchito imeneyi zimapangitsa kugula zinthu kukhala gawo losasinthika la unyolo wopereka katundu mu uinjiniya wa makina. Ogula ndi ogulitsa salinso ubale wosavuta wogula ndi kugulitsa, koma mgwirizano wanzeru.

Lowani mu dongosolo la kugula lapadziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala gawo la unyolo wopereka katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Kaya ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo la bizinesi logulira lachigawo kapena lapadziko lonse lapansi, kulowa mu unyolo wopereka katundu wa gulu la makampani apadziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala wogulitsa kapena wogulitsa wokhazikika, kukhala wogulitsa malo ogulira katundu omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi kampani yapadziko lonse lapansi ku China, kapena kukhala wogulitsa katundu wa United Nations, kukhala ogulitsa ku mabungwe ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndi ogulitsa katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndi zomwe eni ake osiyanasiyana amafunafuna. Kuti mulowe mu dongosolo la kugula lapadziko lonse lapansi, muyenera choyamba kumvetsetsa makhalidwe ndi momwe zinthu zimayendera pakugula kwapadziko lonse lapansi musanalowe mumsika wogula wapadziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.

Njira 1. Kuyambira kugula zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo mpaka kugula zinthu zomwe zayikidwa.

Mu mkhalidwe wa kusowa kwa katundu, kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zinthu zapangidwa, kugula zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo n'kosapeweka. Komabe, m'mikhalidwe ya masiku ano yogulitsa zinthu mopitirira muyeso, kugula zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo kwakhala lamulo lolimba. Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya zachuma cha msika, zinthu zambiri zomwe zili m'sitolo ndiye muzu wa zoipa zonse kwa mabizinesi, ndipo palibe zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo kapena zinthu zochepa zomwe zili m'sitolo zakhala chisankho chosapeweka kwa mabizinesi. Maoda opangira zinthu amapangidwa chifukwa cha maoda ofuna ogwiritsa ntchito. Kenako dongosolo lopangira zinthu limayendetsa dongosolo logulira, lomwe limayendetsa wogulitsa. Chitsanzochi choyendetsedwa ndi dongosolo logulira zinthu panthawi yake chimatha kuyankha zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito panthawi yake, potero kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zili m'sitolo ndikukweza liwiro la zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo komanso kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo.

Dongosolo lopanga zinthu nthawi yomweyo JIT (JUST-INTIME) ndi njira yatsopano yoyendetsera zinthu yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi makampani aku Japan m'zaka 40 zapitazi. Kampani yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ndi Toyota Motor Company yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Dongosolo la JIT limatanthauza kukonzekera bwino kwa kampaniyo komanso kupangitsa kuti njira yogulira, kupanga ndi kugulitsa ikhale yosavuta malinga ndi njira yopangira yokha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, kuti zinthu zopangira zomwe zimalowa mufakitale ndi zinthu zomalizidwa zomwe zimatuluka mufakitale ndikulowa mumsika zigwirizane kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili mufakitale zitha kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere, kuti tikwaniritse njira yopangira zinthu yapamwamba yomwe imachepetsa ndalama zogulira, imakweza bwino mtundu wa zinthu, imakweza kupanga ntchito komanso phindu lazachuma.

Kugula zinthu za JIT ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo la JIT ndipo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa dongosolo la JIT - poyambira dongosolo la JIT; kukhazikitsa kugula zinthu za JIT ndi chinthu chofunikira komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa JIT. Malinga ndi mfundo yogula zinthu za JIT, bizinesi imangogula zinthu zofunika pamalo omwe akufunikira pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, zomwe zimapangitsa kugula zinthu za JIT kukhala njira yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza yogulira.

Makhalidwe asanu ndi awiri a kugula zinthu za JIT ndi awa: kusankha ogulitsa moyenera ndikukhazikitsa mgwirizano wanzeru ndi iwo, zomwe zimafuna ogulitsa kuti alowe mu njira yopangira ya wopanga; kugula zinthu zazing'ono; kukwaniritsa zinthu zochepa kapena zochepa; kupereka zinthu ndi kulongedza zinthu pa nthawi yake; kugawana zambiri; kutsindika pa maphunziro ndi maphunziro; kuwongolera khalidwe ndi chitsimikizo cha malonda padziko lonse lapansi.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito JIT kugula ndi:

1. Zingathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira ndi zinthu zina. Kampani yodziwika bwino ya ku America ya Hewlett-Packard yachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe ili nazo ndi 40% chaka chimodzi itatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogulira zinthu ya JIT. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa mabungwe akunja, kuchepa kwa 40% ndi pamlingo wapakati, ndipo kuchepa kwa makampani ena kumafika mpaka 85%; kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'makampani opanga zinthu kwachepetsa kuchepa kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikufulumizitsa kusintha kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Komanso kumathandiza kusunga malo omwe zinthu zomwe zili m'masitolo monga zinthu zopangira, potero kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira zinthu.

2. Kukweza ubwino wa zinthu zomwe zagulidwa. Akuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogulira zinthu ya JIT kungachepetse mtengo wabwino ndi 26%-63%.

3. Chepetsani mtengo wogulira zinthu zopangira ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya ku America ya Xerox, yomwe imapanga makina ojambulira zithunzi, yachepetsa mtengo wa zinthu zomwe kampaniyo idagula ndi 40%-50% pokhazikitsa njira yogulira zinthu ya JIT.

4. Kukhazikitsa njira yogulira zinthu ya JIT sikuti kumangopulumutsa zinthu zofunika pa ntchito yogula zinthu (kuphatikizapo anthu ogwira ntchito, ndalama, zida, ndi zina zotero), komanso kumawonjezera phindu la ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa bizinesiyo. Mwachitsanzo, HP itakhazikitsa ntchito yogula zinthu ya JIT, phindu la ogwira ntchito linawonjezeka. Linawonjezeka ndi 2% lisanayambe ntchitoyo.

Njira yachiwiri. Kuyambira pa kasamalidwe ka zinthu zogulidwa mpaka pa kasamalidwe ka zinthu zakunja za ogulitsa.

Popeza magulu opereka ndi ofuna akhazikitsa mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali komanso wopindulitsa, magulu opereka ndi ofuna akhoza kugawana zambiri zokhudza kupanga, khalidwe, ntchito, ndi nthawi yogulitsira zinthu munthawi yake, kuti wogulitsa athe kupereka zinthu ndi ntchito monga momwe akufunira, komanso malinga ndi kupanga. Kugwirizana kwa kufunikira ndi mapulani a ogulitsa kuti akwaniritse kugula zinthu nthawi yomweyo. Pamapeto pake, ogulitsa amalowetsedwa mu ndondomeko yopangira ndi kugulitsa kuti akwaniritse zomwe aliyense apindula.

Njira yoperekera chithandizo yopanda vuto lililonse ndi njira yodziwika bwino pamakampani ambiri omwe akuyang'anira kugula ndi kugulitsa zinthu. Imatanthauza kufunafuna ogulitsa angwiro. Wopereka chithandizoyu akhoza kukhala wopanga kapena wogulitsa. Mukasankha wogulitsa, muyeneranso kuwunika malo omwe wogulitsayo ali, zomwe nthawi zambiri timazitcha zinthu zinayi zofunika kwambiri pakugula zinthu m'malire, zomwe ndi kuyenda kwa mtengo, kuyenda kwa ntchito, kuyenda kwa chidziwitso, ndi kuyenda kwa ndalama.

"Kuyenda kwa mtengo" kumayimira kuyenda kwa zinthu ndi ntchito zomwe zimawonjezera phindu kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zilipo kupita kwa ogula omaliza, kuphatikiza ntchito zowonjezera phindu monga kusintha, kulongedza, kusintha kwa munthu payekha, ndi chithandizo cha zinthu ndi ntchito zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa osiyanasiyana.

"Kuyenda kwa utumiki" makamaka kumatanthauza Utumiki Wokonza Zinthumachitidwe a ntchito ndi pambuyo pogulitsa kutengera zosowa za makasitomala, ndiko kuti, kuyenda mwachangu komanso kogwira mtima kwa zinthu ndi ntchito pakati pa ogulitsa ambiri, mabizinesi akuluakulu ndi makasitomala, komanso kuyenda mozungulira kwa zinthu, monga kubweza, kukonza, kubwezeretsanso, kubwezanso zinthu, ndi zina zotero.

"Kuyenda kwa chidziwitso" kumatanthauza kukhazikitsidwa kwa nsanja yodziwitsira zochitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti chidziwitso cha zochitika, momwe zinthu zilili, ndi zina zotero chikuyenda bwino pakati pa mamembala a unyolo wogulitsa.

"Kuyenda kwa ndalama" makamaka kumatanthauza liwiro la kuyenda kwa ndalama ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe katundu wonyamula katundu amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Njira 3. Kugula zinthu zakale kuchokera ku malonda apaintaneti

Njira yogulira zinthu yachikhalidwe imayang'ana kwambiri momwe angachitire malonda ndi ogulitsa. Khalidwe lake ndilakuti imaganizira kwambiri kuyerekeza mitengo kwa ogulitsa panthawi yogulitsa zinthu, ndikusankha yomwe ili ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri ngati mnzake kudzera mu mpikisano wa nthawi yayitali pakati pa ogulitsa. Njira yogulira zinthu yachikhalidwe ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopezera zambiri zosafanana. Makhalidwe ake ndi akuti kuwunika kuvomereza ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yowunikira dipatimenti yogula zinthu, ndipo kuwongolera khalidwe kumakhala kovuta; ubale wopereka ndi kufunikira ndi mgwirizano wakanthawi kapena waufupi, ndipo pali mpikisano wochulukirapo kuposa mgwirizano; kuthekera koyankha zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito kumachedwa.

Machitidwe ogulira zinthu pa intaneti pakadali pano akuphatikizapo njira zotulutsira zambiri pamsika pa intaneti komanso njira zogulira zinthu, njira zolipirira ndi kulipira mabanki pa intaneti, njira zochotsera msonkho wa malonda ochokera kunja ndi kunja, komanso njira zamakono zoyendetsera zinthu.

Magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana akamagula zinthu pa intaneti, mitundu ikuluikulu yotsatirayi ya misika yamagetsi pa intaneti imayambitsidwa:

Kugulitsa zinthu ku Britain (kugulitsa zinthu ku Britain): Kugulitsa koyamba kunayambira ku United Kingdom; mu malonda ku Britain, wogulitsa ndiye amasankha mtengo wosungiramo zinthu ndikuyamba msika. Pamene msika ukupitirira, ogula ambiri akupitiriza kukweza mitengo yawo yogulira mpaka sipadzakhalanso. Kugulitsa kwakukulu kumachitika, msika umatsekedwa, ndipo wogula kwambiri amapambana.

Kufufuza ndi Kufufuza: Msika wofufuza pa intaneti ndi wofanana ndi msika wamalonda waku Britain, koma malamulo ampikisano pamsika ndi omasuka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa mtengo woperekedwa (ndi voliyumu yotchulidwa), ogulitsa amathanso kutumiza zinthu zina zowonjezera (monga zogulitsa). zofunikira zina ndi malonjezo a ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pa malonda). Zinthu zowonjezerazi nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kwa wogula zomwe zasungidwa mwachinsinsi ndikusungidwa mwachinsinsi kwa omwe akufuna kupereka ndalama zina. Nthawi yachete imakhazikitsidwa msika wofufuza usanatseke kuti ogula athe kuganizira ndikuwunika zinthu zina za wogulitsa (chifukwa chake, sizitanthauza kuti yemwe ali ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndiye amapambana msika).

Msika Wotseguka ndi Msika Wotsekedwa: Mu malonda ogulitsa (ku Britain), chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamsika, khalidwe la opikisana nawo pamsika silikhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, kutanthauza kuti, mawu ndi kuchuluka kwa wogula wina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi onse ofuna kugula. Monga momwe aliyense akudziwira, kuti alimbikitse ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wa malonda amsika ndikupewa mikangano yoipa, msika wogulitsa malonda wotsekedwa (wogulitsa) wabuka, momwe mawu ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali aliyense zimasungidwa zachinsinsi kwa ena omwe akutenga nawo mbali (mwachitsanzo: Chidziwitsochi chingatumizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito imelo yobisika). Okonza msika wotsekedwawu ayenera kutsatira mosamala dongosolo la mpikisano wamsika kuti adziwe wopambana. Mumsika wamagetsi, mtundu uwu wa okonza nthawi zambiri umachitika ndi kompyuta (seva ya netiweki), yomwe imayendetsa mapulogalamu opangidwa motsatira malamulo ampikisano wamsika, imayambitsa msika wokha, imapitiliza mpikisano wamsika, mpaka msika utachotsedwa, ndipo pamapeto pake imasankha wopambana pamsika ndikuchotsa omwe akuphwanya malamulowo.

Kugulitsa zinthu zo ...

Ogula amatha kusunga nthawi, kukonza magwiridwe antchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama. Kuti mupake ndi kugula zinthu zambiri, muyenera kuyambitsa msika wa pa intaneti kamodzi kokha ndikumaliza malondawo mogwirizana. Izi zimapulumutsa wogula nthawi yambiri ndi khama poyerekeza ndi kugula zinthu zosiyanasiyana padera ndikuyambitsa msika wa pa intaneti kangapo kuti mupeze ogulitsa angapo (ogulitsa) mphamvu ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ogula.​

Ogulitsa ali ndi malo ambiri opikisana. Pa nthawi yogulitsa phukusi, wogula amangopereka mtengo wa phukusi (mtengo wogulira phukusi lonse) ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe amagula. Wogulitsa amatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu ndikuchita malonda pa intaneti malinga ndi ubwino wake. Malo opikisana kwambiri awa amapangitsa ogula kukhala ofunitsitsa kutenga nawo mbali pa malonda pa intaneti.​

Mpikisano wamsika ukukulirakulira. Chofunika kwambiri pamsika ndi mpikisano. Mphamvu ya mpikisano wamsika ikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mawu onse pa nthawi imodzi (mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa ola limodzi) ndi chiwerengero cha omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika.

Njira 4. Njira zogulira zimagwirizanitsidwa kuti zikhale zosiyanasiyana.

Njira zogulira zinthu zakale ndi njira zogulira zinthu ndi imodzi, koma tsopano zikukula mofulumira m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawonekera koyamba pophatikiza kugula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi kugula zinthu m'deralo.

Kapangidwe ka makampani opanga zinthu m'madera osiyanasiyana kakugwirizana kwambiri ndi ubwino woyerekeza wa mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo ntchito zawo zogula zinthu zimasonyezanso kugula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, kutanthauza kuti makampani amagwiritsa ntchito msika wapadziko lonse ngati njira yosankha kuti apeze ogulitsa oyenera kwambiri, m'malo mongokhala kudziko linalake lokha.

Chizindikiro chachiwiri ndi kuphatikiza kugula kwapakati ndi kugula kwapakati. Kaya kugwiritsa ntchito kugula kwapakati kapena kugula kwapakati kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili ndipo sikungachitike mwachisawawa. Zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi izi: ntchito zogula nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapakati; makampani opereka chithandizo amagwiritsa ntchito kugula kwapakati kuposa makampani opanga; mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito kugula kwapakati Pali makampani ambiri kuposa makampani akuluakulu; ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa makampani ndi kugula kwa makampani, makampani ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito njira zogulira zapakati komanso zapakati; kuphwanyidwa kwa kapangidwe ka mabungwe kudzatsogolera ku kufalikira kwa ufulu wolamulira makampani, kotero ufulu wogula msika wapafupi ukufalikira pang'onopang'ono; kugula kwapakati pazosowa ndi ntchito zomwezo.

Chachitatu ndi kuphatikiza kwa ogulitsa angapo ndi ogulitsa amodzi.

Muzochitika zachizolowezi, makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito njira yogulira zinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena njira yogulira zinthu zambiri. Dongosolo logulira kuchokera kwa wogulitsa m'modzi silidzapitirira 25% ya zomwe akufuna. Izi makamaka pofuna kupewa zoopsa, koma sizikutanthauza kuti ogulitsa ambiri, ndi bwino.

Chachinayi ndi kuphatikiza kwa kugula kwa opanga ndi kugula kwa ogulitsa.

Makampani akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amagula mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga chifukwa cha kufunikira kwawo kwakukulu, pomwe mapangano ogulitsa zinthu zonse kapena kugula zinthu za JIT (monga njira yogulira zinthu nthawi yomweyo) nthawi zambiri amadalira ogulitsa amphamvu kuti agwire ntchito limodzi ndi makampani ambiri ang'onoang'ono.

Njira yomaliza ndiyo kuphatikiza kugula komwe kumadziyendetsa nokha ndi kugula komwe kumachokera kunja.

Njira 5. Kawirikawiri samalani ndi udindo wa anthu pogula zinthu

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, makampani oposa 200 ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi apanga ndikukhazikitsa malamulo okhudza udindo wa makampani, zomwe zimafuna kuti ogulitsa ndi ogwira ntchito za mgwirizano azitsatira miyezo ya ogwira ntchito, ndikukonza antchito a kampani kapena kupatsa mabungwe odziyimira pawokha owerengera ndalama kuti azichita kuwunika nthawi zonse mafakitale awo a mgwirizano, zomwe nthawi zambiri timati satifiketi ya fakitale kapena kuyang'anira mafakitale. Pakati pawo, makampani oposa 50 monga Carrefour, Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Disney, Mattel, Avon, ndi General Electric achita kuwunika udindo wa anthu ku China. Makampani ena akhazikitsanso madipatimenti okhudza udindo wa anthu ogwira ntchito ku China. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa akatswiri, Pakadali pano, makampani opitilira 8,000 m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku China achita kuwunika kotereku, ndipo makampani opitilira 50,000 adzawunikidwa nthawi iliyonse.

Makampani ena otumiza kunja ananenanso ndi mtima wonse kuti masiku ano, n'zosatheka kuchita bizinesi ndi makampani akuluakulu popanda kusintha miyezo ya antchito (kuphatikizapo zaka za ogwira ntchito, malipiro a ogwira ntchito, maola owonjezera, malo ogulitsira zakudya ndi malo ogona ndi ufulu wina wa anthu). Pakadali pano, kutumiza kunja kwa China zovala, zoseweretsa, nsapato, mipando, zida zamasewera, zida za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zinthu zina kumayiko aku Europe ndi America kukutsatira miyezo ya antchito.

Mabungwe amalonda achikhalidwe aku China, France, Italy ndi mabungwe ena achikhalidwe amalonda azinthu zopepuka ochokera kunja akukambirana za mgwirizano womwe umafuna kuti makampani onse aku China opanga nsalu, zovala, zoseweretsa, nsapato ndi zinthu zina avomerezedwe pasadakhale ndi muyezo wa SA8000 (monga chitsimikizo cha muyezo wapadziko lonse cha udindo wa anthu), apo ayi adzakana kutumiza kunja. Chitsimikizo cha muyezo wa udindo wa anthu wa SA8000 ndiye muyezo woyamba padziko lonse lapansi pa makhalidwe abwino amakampani. Ndi choletsa china chatsopano cha malonda chopanda msonkho chomwe chakhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko otukuka pambuyo pa choletsa chobiriwira. Cholinga chake ndikulongosola kuti zinthu zomwe opanga ndi ogulitsa amapatsa zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za miyezo ya udindo wa anthu, pomwe akuwonjezera ndalama zopangira zinthu m'maiko osatukuka ndikubweza vuto lomwe limakhalapo chifukwa chakuti zinthu zina m'maiko otukuka sizili bwino chifukwa cha mitengo yokwera ya antchito.