Kuyini Ukuphathwa Kwe-Supply Chain?

Ukupakisha umkhiqizo okuphumelelayo umehluko phakathi kokuma eshalofini eliphezulu nokuqoqa uthuli ekhoneni elingemuva. Futhi umehluko phakathi kokwenza umbono wokuqala okhumbulekayo kumthengi nokunyamalala ekufiphaleni kwansuku zonke. Lapho uklama ukupakisha okuphumelelayo, kubalulekile ukugxila ezidingweni zomsebenzisi wokugcina kuqala kulandelwe izidingo zabasabalalisi bakho kanye nebhizinisi lakho. Lokho kusho ukuklama ukupakisha okudala inani elengeziwe, okwenza kube lula futhi kufiseleke ngabathengisi ukuthi bakunike indawo oyithandayo, futhi kungadingi imali mboleko yebhizinisi elincane ukuze ukhiqize. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole ukuthi i-ejensi isondela kanjani ekupakisheni isinyathelo ngasinye ukuze ithole imiphumela emangalisayo.

Okokuqala kufanele sazi ukuthi sisho ukuthini nge-supply chain. Lena yinethiwekhi eyakha yonke ingxenye yomkhiqizo wakho, kusukela ekutholeni izinto zokwakha kuya ekwenzeni, ekuthengiseni nasekufinyeleleni amakhasimende. Yakhiwe ngabantu ngabanye, abaphakeli, izinsiza kanye nanoma yini enye efaka ukuhlinzeka ngezimpahla noma izinsizakalo zakho, futhi ubungeke ube ndawo ngaphandle kwayo. I-supply chain ihilela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo nezinqubo zokuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa kuya emikhiqizweni eqediwe, nabantu abafuna ukuthola inani elihle kakhulu kanye nokuthembeka kuzo zonke izigaba. Kungaba nokuphazamiseka okuningi nezinkinga kusukela ekushodeni kuya empini ezingathinta i-supply chain yakho, ngakho-ke kufanele uzame futhi uvumele lokhu futhi ube nezimo eziphuthumayo endaweni. Lezi nezinye izici ezithinta i-supply chain yakho zisiletha ku-Supply Chain Management.

Njengoba kuzwakala, i-SCM izama ukuphatha nokuhlela uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla ukuze inciphise izindleko, ilethe imikhiqizo ngokushesha futhi igweme nezinkinga ezingavela. Kubaluleke kakhulu emakethe yanamuhla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke into yebhizinisi lakho ibonisa igama lakho elihle kanye nomkhiqizo. Amacala, izihloko ezimbi kanye nokukhushulwa kwemikhiqizo konke kuyabiza futhi kuyalimaza futhi kungcono ukukugwema. Umphathi omuhle wochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla uzokuthola konke okudingayo ngaphandle kwanoma yini engase ikubangele izinkinga kamuva.

I-supply chain inezingxenye eziningi, futhi esigabeni ngasinye inkampani ingonga imali ngesivinini nangokusebenza kahle, noma ilahlekelwe yimali ngokuntuleka kwayo. Amaphutha abantu, ukushoda kanye nokulethwa okuhamba kancane kumane nje kuyizinto ezimbalwa ezingase zivele ngenxa yokuphelelwa yimali, ngakho-ke i-Supply Chain Management izama ukulawula ukuhamba komsebenzi wonke ezigabeni zayo ezinhlanu ezibalulekile:

•Umbono, uhlelo noma isu

•Ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nanoma yini enye edingekayo

•Ukukhiqiza

•Ukulethwa

•Ukubuyiselwa

Kulezi zigaba ngasinye kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani ukusebenza kahle kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwezinto zokusetshenziswa umkhiqizo awukwazi ukwenziwa. Uma kukhona ukushaqeka noma ukubambezeleka kokukhiqizwa noma ukulethwa, ikhasimende ngeke liwuthole umkhiqizo walo, futhi uma kungekho uhlelo olusheshayo lokubuyiselwa kwemali inkinga encane ingakhula ibe nkulu kakhulu.

Umsebenzi womphathi we-supply chain ukuhlola esigabeni ngasinye ukuthi izindleko ziphansi ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi esanikeza izinga elifanele lekhwalithi, nokuzama ukubikezela, ukuvimbela kanye nokulungisa noma yikuphi ukushoda noma izinkinga ezingase zenzeke.

Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa, ukwenza izinqubo ezithile kanye nokwehliswa kwemisebenzi ngokuzenzakalela, kanye nokusebenzisa izinkampani zangaphandle ukuze zikunakekele konke. Kungasiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa ulwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bomunye umphathi esifundeni esithile, noma nabaphakeli kanye nezinto ezithile. Bangaba sesimweni esingcono sokubikezela izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi babe nezindlela zokuphendula ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuqeqesha othile endlini ukuthi athathe izintambo.

Amabhizinisi amancane namakhulu ngokufanayo abhekene nobunzima obuningi namuhla ekulinganiseni izindleko kanye nekhwalithi nenzuzo. Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka lungaba yimfucuza enkulu noma lungaba yimpahla kuye ngokuthi luphathwa kanjani. Kuleli zwe lezindaba ezisheshayo zamahora angama-24 kanye nomnotho womhlaba wonke, ingxenye ngayinye yochungechunge lwakho kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwesihlamba ukuze igweme ukunyatheliswa okubizayo ngisho nezinyathelo zomthetho.

Awufuni futhi amakhasimende angajabule ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, noma amakhasimende angakwazi ukuthola imikhiqizo yawo ngesikhathi. Kuyenzeka ukushoda nokuphazamiseka, futhi uma uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka lusebenza kahle futhi luphethwe kahle, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kube kuncane futhi kungaphazamisi ibhizinisi lakho ekugcineni.

Amaketanga okuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo abelokhu eyingxenye yebhizinisi, kodwa manje kubalulekile ukuthi uphathe futhi ulawule awakho ukuze uthole okungcono kakhulu enkampanini yakho. Kusukela ekugwemeni izinkinga ezinkulu nasekuxazululeni izinkinga kuya ekwandiseni inzuzo nokusebenza kahle ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuchitha, i-Supply Chain Management manje iyingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi lakho. Bheka ukuthi iketanga lakho lokuhlinzeka lingasebenza kanjani kangcono futhi lingabizi kakhulu namuhla.

Ukwethembeka kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhizinisi uma kukhulunywa ngokusimama nokuqhubeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusungulwa kobudlelwano besikhathi eside namakhasimende, abahlinzeki, kanye nabasabalalisi kuncike ekwethembeni nasekuzethembeni ekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo webhizinisi. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile okudingeka zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa umhlinzeki. Isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubhekisela enkambisweni yokuhlola ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo emugqeni wokukhiqiza noma wokukhiqiza ezodlula enkambisweni elandelayo noma esiteshini sokusabalalisa. Kuhilela ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezikhiqizweni ezinhle ngokwanele ukuthi zidlule enkambisweni elandelayo noma ezingafiseleki kakhulu futhi ezizolahlwa noma ziphinde zilungiswe. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ekuqaleni kwakuyinqubo yokuhambisana nemithetho nemigomo ekhona. Isibonelo, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ezintweni zikagesi kuye kwaba khona ngenxa yemithetho eqinile yokuphepha komlilo. Ekuqaleni kwakubhekwa njengezindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi, akukho okunye. Namuhla, kwaqala ukuba yizindleko ezengeziwe zezinkampani ezinkulu ezinemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. I-Nestle, isibonelo, inendawo yokulawula ikhwalithi yayo yonke imikhiqizo eqediwe abayethulayo. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo emihle iyafika emakethe, futhi kuyabasiza ukuthi bonge izindleko ekubuyiselweni komkhiqizo noma ukumangalelwa ngezingozi zempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ifika emakethe, abathengi nabasabalalisi bazoqala ukuthemba ukuvumelana komkhiqizo. Lapho umkhiqizo uthola abahlinzeki bento ethile, kungaba kubalulekile ukuthola umbono wezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi zomkhiqizi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungumthombo womkhiqizo onokwethenjelwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukwethembeka kwento ethengiswayo kulo lonke umugqa wokuthengisa.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, umuntu kufanele abheke inqubomgomo ejwayelekile yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi ephelele (i-TQM) yomhlinzeki. Lokhu kuvame ukubekwa emibikweni yomphakathi mayelana nezinkampani, ngakho-ke kungaba umthombo osebenzayo wolwazi mayelana nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Ku-TQM, inkampani izokwakha isabelomali ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwangaphambilini. Ukwehluka kuzobonakala phakathi kokusebenza kwangempela kanye nezabelomali ezithuthukisiwe. Ukwehluka komkhiqizo okuhlobene nezici ezithile zokukhiqiza kuzobonakala maqondana nezindinganiso ezithuthukiswe yinkampani. Ukwehluka kungahlotshaniswa nezinto zokwakha noma umsebenzi. Ngesici ngasinye, ukwehluka kuzohlukaniswa kube ukwehluka kwamanani noma ukwehluka kobuningi. Lokhu kuzobenza bahlukanise izinkinga zamanje ngokukhiqiza. Umuntu ophethe ukuthola umkhiqizo kufanele akwazi ukuhlonza inkampani enezinqubomgomo zokulawula ikhwalithi ezizinzile ngokubona ukuthi iziphatha kahle kangakanani lezi ziguquguquko.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuhilela ukubeka izindawo zokuhlola kulo lonke umugqa wokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni. Kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo edlula ezinqubweni ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ezizofika emakethe. Ngenkathi izindawo zokuhlola ekuqaleni zazibhekwa njengezithiyo, inani lazo emabhizinisini liye lakhuphuka eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ukusungulwa kwezindawo zokuhlola eziningana kulo lonke inqubo yokukhiqiza kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithole izinhlobo eziningi zeziphambeko ezingafika emakethe uma zinganakwa. Kuphinde kusize ekuboneni izinkinga ezithile kakhulu emgqeni wokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ukuba nezindawo zokuhlola ezihlukene zomugqa wokuhlanganisa kanye nomugqa wokupakisha kungasiza abaphathi ukuthi babone ukuthi izinkinga zokukhiqiza zivela emgqeni wokuhlanganisa noma emgqeni wokupakisha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuthuthuka okungenzeka ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo nakho kuzokwenziwa uma iziphambeko zenqubo yamanje sezitholakale. Izindawo zokuhlola zingabiza kakhulu ngokwezindleko, isikhathi, kanye nomsebenzi, yingakho lokhu kufanele kusungulwe ngokuhlakanipha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngeke kubize ngaphezu kwalokho okuzokunikeza izinzuzo.

Nakuba ezinye zalezi zinto zicacile kakhulu futhi zikhethekile ukuba zingaxoxwa nabantu abaningi, iphuzu eliyisisekelo lapha ukuthi ukwazi ukuthi inqubomgomo yokulawula ikhwalithi ikhona yini. Ukuba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwemibono okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla kungasiza ekuhlomiseni abaphathi bokuhlinzeka ngokuthola imikhiqizo ngempumelelo enkulu. Ukwazi ngokulawula ikhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kufaka ukwethembana ezingqondweni zabathengi. Lapho uthenga imikhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuthola umkhiqizo okwazi ukubhekwa njengokuthenga okubalulekile. Ngale ndlela, kungaba inketho yokuqala yabathengi abaningi kumakhasimende abo.