Amakuru Makuru ku Makode ya HS muri 2025: Nigute watangaza neza ibicuruzwa byawe bya bateri kugira ngo wirinde gutinda no gucibwa ibihano kuri gasutamo?

Amakuru Makuru ku Makode ya HS muri 2025: Nigute watangaza neza ibicuruzwa byawe bya bateri kugira ngo wirinde gutinda no gucibwa ibihano kuri gasutamo?

Mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu ndetse n’ubwiyongere buhoraho bw’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa bya bateri (kuva kuri bateri za lithiamu zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga kugeza kuri bateri zikoreshwa mu gutwara ibinyabiziga n’izibikwamo ingufu), sisitemu y’amategeko mpuzamahanga ya HS izavugururwa cyane mu 2025. Amategeko agenga ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’ibicuruzwa bya bateri azarushaho kunozwa, hazongerwamo ibisabwa bishya ku mutekano no kurengera ibidukikije, kandi hakongerwamo isano n’amategeko agenga gasutamo y’ibihugu bitandukanye (nk’ibihugu bigize EU CE, US FDA, na Southeast Aziya REACH). Ku bigo bikora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw’ibicuruzwa bya bateri, iri vugurura ntabwo ari "ihinduka ryoroshye ry’imibare ya kode," ariko impinduka ikomeye igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza ya gasutamo, kugenzura ikiguzi, n’ingaruka zo kubahiriza amategeko. Gukoresha kode zishaje cyangwa amakuru atuzuye y’imenyekanisha bishobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bifungirwa ku byambu, bigatera amafaranga menshi yo kubika, cyangwa ndetse bigacibwa amande angana na 10%-30% by’agaciro k’imizigo, ndetse bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’inguzanyo y’ubucuruzi y’ikigo mu gihugu kigiye kujyamo.

Iyi ngingo izahuza ingingo z'ingenzi z'amategeko mashya ya HS yo mu 2025 kugira ngo iguhe ubuyobozi bw'umwuga bwo kubahiriza amategeko agenga imenyekanisha ry'ibicuruzwa bya bateri, bigufashe gukemura neza ibibazo byo gushyira mu byiciro no kwirinda ingaruka zo kwemererwa kwa gasutamo.

I. Impinduka eshatu z'ingenzi mu ivugurura rya HS Code rya 2025 ku bicuruzwa bya bateri

Kode ya HS (Ubusobanuro bw'Ibicuruzwa Bihuriweho na Sisitemu yo Gushyiraho Inyandiko) ni "ururimi rusange" rw'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, kandi buri vugurura rishingiye ku iterambere ry'inganda n'ibikenewe mu mategeko. Ivugurura rya 2025 ku bicuruzwa bya bateri ryibanda cyane cyane ku ngingo eshatu zikurikira, zigamije gukemura ibibazo bya "gushyiraho inyandiko zidasobanutse neza n'amabwiriza adasobanutse neza" mu bihe byashize:

1. Igabanywa ry'andi mabwiriza: Kuva ku "Gushyira mu byiciro by'icyiciro kinini" kugeza ku "Gushyira mu byiciro by'amakuru neza"
Mbere, ibikoresho bya bateri byari byibanze cyane mu bice bibiri: 8507 (Accumulators) na 8506 (Seli z'ibanze). Igice cy'amakode cyari gito - urugero, "bateri za lithium-ion" zari zifite 8507.6000 gusa, bigatuma bidashoboka gutandukanya "bateri z'amashanyarazi y'imodoka," "bateri za lithium zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga," na "bateri za lithium zibikwamo ingufu." Amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025 azahindura burundu iki kibazo. Dufashe bateri za lithium-ion nk'urugero, kode nto nshya zongewemo zirimo (impinduka nto zishobora gukoreshwa mu bihugu cyangwa mu turere dutandukanye, hakurikijwe verisiyo ya nyuma yasohotse na gasutamo y'igihugu cyoherejwemo):
8507.6010: Bateri z'amashanyarazi za Lithium-ion ku binyabiziga (ubucucike bw'ingufu z'akaremangingo kamwe ≥ 150 Wh/kg)
8507.6020: Bateri za Lithium-ion zo kubika ingufu (ubushobozi ≥ 10 kWh)
8507.6030: Bateri nto za lithium-ion zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga (nk'amabateri ya telefoni zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa, ubushobozi bwazo 8507.6040: Modules za bateri ya lithium-ion zishobora kongera gusharijwa (harimo n'imiyoboro y'uburinzi)
Ingaruka z'ingenzi: Gushyira mu byiciro "bateri z'amashanyarazi z'imodoka" nk' "bateri z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga" ntibizatuma habaho kwishyura cyane cyangwa kwishyura bike ku musoro wa gasutamo bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'imisoro, ahubwo bizanatera "kubazwa mu byiciro" na gasutamo y'igihugu kigiye kujyamo, bigatera igenzura ry'umubiri no gutinda kwemererwa kwa gasutamo.

2. Kongeraho "Umutekano + Kurengera Ibidukikije": Amabwiriza afitanye isano n'icyemezo cyo kubahiriza amategeko
Amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025 ku nshuro ya mbere arimo icyemezo cy’umutekano wa batiri n’amahame yo kurengera ibidukikije mu "kigero cy’inyongera cyo kumenya" cy’amategeko ya HS. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe (nk’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, na Kanada) bisaba ko "inyunganizi y’amategeko" yongerwaho nyuma y’amategeko ya HS mu gihe cyo gutangaza, urugero:
Isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi: Mu gihe hatangajwe 8507.6010 (bateri z’amashanyarazi z’imodoka), "CE-RED" (Amabwiriza y’ibikoresho bya Radio) cyangwa "Kuyubahiriza BMS" (Icyemezo cya Sisitemu yo Gucunga Bateri) bigomba kubahirizwa;
Isoko ryo muri Amerika: Kuri bateri za lithiyumu 8507.6020 (bateri za lithiyumu zibika ingufu), "UL 9540" (Ingengo y'Umutekano wa Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu) igomba kongerwamo, bitabaye ibyo itangazo rizafatwa nk'iryuzuye.
Ishingiro ry'ibicuruzwa: Kode ya HS ntabwo ikiri "igikoresho cyo gushyira mu byiciro" gusa, ahubwo iba "ikimenyetso cya mbere" kuri gasutamo kugira ngo igenzure vuba ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa. Ibicuruzwa bidafite imiterere ijyanye nabyo bizafatwa mu buryo butaziguye.

3. Gutandukanya bateri mu byiciro byihariye: Gukuraho "ahantu hateye ibara ry'umukara mu itangaza"
Mu bihe byashize, amasosiyete yakundaga gukoresha "itangazo ridafite ishingiro" mu gushyira mu byiciro "bateri z'imyanda," "bateri zangiritse," na "ibice bya bateri bifite imikorere yo gusharija" (nk'amabanki y'amashanyarazi afite charger) hakurikijwe amategeko asanzwe ya bateri kugira ngo yirengagize amabwiriza. Amategeko mashya yo mu 2025 agaragaza neza ko ibi bintu bishyizwe mu byiciro bitandukanye:
8507.9010: Bateri zakoreshejwe (zisaba "Inyandiko yo kwambuka imipaka y'imyanda ihumanya," ni ukuvuga inyandiko ya EPR);
8507.9020: Bateri zangiritse/zasanwe (bisaba raporo y'ikizamini cy'uwakoze ibicuruzwa igaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bidateza akaga ku mutekano);
8517.6200: Ibice bya bateri bifite imikorere yo gusharija (nk'amabanki y'amashanyarazi, agomba kubahiriza amahame agenga iyubahirizwa rya bateri n'iyubahirizwa rya sharija).
Umuburo w'Ingaruka: Niba ibi bicuruzwa bigitangazwa nk'amabati asanzwe, bizafatwa nk'"amatangazo y'ibinyoma," bigahanishwa amande menshi aturuka kuri gasutamo y'igihugu kigiye kujyamo (urugero, kugeza kuri 30% by'agaciro k'imizigo muri EU), kandi ibicuruzwa bishobora gusubizwa cyangwa kwangirika.

II. Intambwe enye z'ubuyobozi ku iyubahirizwa ry'ibicuruzwa bya bateri (Bikurikizwa n'amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025)

Bitewe n'amategeko arambuye kandi akomeye yo kwandika, amasosiyete agomba gushyiraho inzira yo gutangaza "gushyira mu byiciro neza - inyandiko zuzuye - kwigenzura no kugenzura - gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika." Intambwe zihariye ni izi zikurikira:

Intambwe ya 1: Kuzuza neza urutonde rw'amakode ya HS - kwirinda "ikosa mu ntambwe ya mbere ritera amakosa muri buri ntambwe"
Gushyira mu byiciro amategeko ni ryo shingiro ry'itangazo. Dukurikije amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025, birasabwa gukoresha "uburyo bwo kugenzura butatu" kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ishyirwa mu byiciro ari ryo rikwiye:
Reba inyandiko zemewe zavuguruwe z’amategeko yerekeye gasutamo y’igihugu kigiye gucuruzwa: Shyira imbere ukoresheje ibisobanuro biri mu "Igice cya 85 (Imashini n'Ibikoresho by'Amashanyarazi)" bya "2025 HS Code Revision Catalog" byasohotse na gasutamo y’igihugu kigiye gucuruzwa, urugero:
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ushobora kureba "ububiko bw’amakode ya TARIC" bwasohotse n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Imisoro n’Imisoro rya Komisiyo y’Uburayi, hanyuma ukabona kode ijyanye nayo wifashishije ibipimo by’ingenzi by’ibicuruzwa (nk’ubwoko bwa bateri, ubushobozi, n’imiterere y’ikoreshwa ryayo);
Amerika ishobora gukoresha "ububiko bw'amakuru bwa CBP HTSUS" (US Harmonized Tariff Schedule), isesengura ry'amakode munsi y'ingingo ya "8507" ishingiye ku "ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa" na "ibisobanuro bya tekiniki." Koresha serivisi zo gutanga inama ku ishyirwa mu byiciro bya gasutamo: Niba ufite ibibazo bijyanye n'ikode yo gushyira mu byiciro, ushobora gusaba "icyemezo cyo gushyira mu byiciro mbere y'uko bishyirwa mu byiciro" ukoresheje gasutamo y'igihugu ugiyemo (nk'"Icyemezo cyo gushyira mu byiciro" cya CBP cya Amerika cyangwa "Amakuru ku biciro byo gushyira mu byiciro" bya EU). Icyemezo ni itegeko kandi gishobora kwirinda impaka zizakurikiraho;
Koresha inkunga y'abafatanyabikorwa b'inzobere mu bijyanye n'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho: Hitamo ikigo gishinzwe gutanga serivisi z'ibikoresho kizi neza amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025 (nk'ikigo cyihariye mu bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko y'ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka). Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa amategeko agenga amasoko akomeye ku isi, hamwe n'ibipimo nyabyo by'ibicuruzwa (nk'uburyo bwa BMS, ubucucike bw'ingufu, n'imiterere y'impamyabushobozi), bashobora kurangiza gushyira mu byiciro neza - urugero, ku "kohereza bateri z'amashanyarazi mu Burayi," kode igomba guhuza n'ibisabwa mu kwemeza CE kugira ngo hirindwe ikibazo cyo kwandika neza ariko kutubahiriza amategeko.

Intambwe ya 2: Tegura "Urutonde rw'inyandiko z'imenyekanisha ryuzuye" rusabwa n'amategeko mashya
Amabwiriza ya gasutamo yo mu 2025 yongera cyane ibisabwa ku nyandiko z’imenyekanisha ry’ibicuruzwa bya bateri. "Inyandiko zituzuye" zabaye impamvu nyamukuru yo gutinda kwemererwa kwa gasutamo. Ni byiza gutegura hakurikijwe urutonde rukurikira kugira ngo hatagira ibisibwa:

Icyitonderwa: Inyandiko zose zigomba kuba ziri mu rurimi rwemewe rw'igihugu ushaka kujyamo cyangwa Icyongereza, kandi zigomba gutangwa n'ikigo cyemewe n'amategeko (urugero: ibyemezo by'ubuziranenge bigomba kuba bifite kashe yemewe y'ikigo cyatanze, na raporo z'ibizamini zigomba kuba zifite ibimenyetso bya CNAS cyangwa ILAC), bitabaye ibyo zizafatwa nk'inyandiko zitemewe.

Intambwe ya 3: Irinde amakosa 3 asanzwe yo gutangaza – Kwibutsa ingingo zikomeye zo mu 2025

Hashingiwe ku mabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025 n'imanza za gasutamo zashize, ubwoko butatu bw'amakosa ni bwo bukunze kugaragara ku bucuruzi kandi bukwiye kwirindwa:

Ikosa rya 1: "Itangazo Rusange" aho kuba "Igabanywa ry'Ibice Risobanutse"
Uburyo butari bwo: Gutangaza mu buryo butaziguye "bateri za lithium zo kubika ingufu (8507.6020)" nka "bateri za lithium-ion (8507.6000, kode ishaje)";
Uburyo bwiza: Gabanya neza kode ukurikije uko porogaramu iteye hanyuma wongereho ibiranga ibiranga (urugero, "8507.6020-UL 9540"). Igitekerezo kibi cya 2: Guhisha imiterere yihariye y'ibicuruzwa
Uburyo butari bwo: Kwemeza ko "bateri zikoreshwa mu myanda (8507.9010)" ari "bateri zisanzwe za lithium" kugira ngo hadakurikijwe ibisabwa ku nyandiko za EPR;
Uburyo bwiza: Tangaza uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze mu kuri, tegura inyandiko za EPR zikenewe n'amasezerano yo kongera gukoresha batiri z'imyanda mbere y'igihe kugira ngo wirinde gufatwa nk'"itangazo ry'ibinyoma."

Igitekerezo kibi cya 3: Kwirengagiza guhuza hagati yo kwandika no kwemeza
Uburyo butari bwo: Iyo uvuze "8507.6010 (bateri z'amashanyarazi z'imodoka)," utanga gusa ibisobanuro bya bateri udashyizeho icyemezo cya CE-RED;
Uburyo bwiza: Menya neza ko "ikimenyetso cy'imiterere" gihuye n'inyandiko y'impamyabushobozi gihuye n'inyandiko y'impamyabushobozi. Urugero, niba kode yanditsweho "CE-RED," icyemezo cy'umwimerere cy'impamyabushobozi ya CE kigomba gutangwa.

Intambwe ya 4: Gukurikirana mu buryo bwimbitse intambwe igenda mu imenyekanisha - Gusubiza ibibazo bya gasutamo vuba

Dukurikije amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025, igipimo cy’igenzura rya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bya bateri cyariyongereye (mu masoko amwe nka EU, igipimo cy’igenzura cyariyongereye kuva kuri 15% kigera kuri 25%). Ibigo bigomba gukurikirana iterambere ry’imenyekanisha binyuze mu "miyoboro ibiri" no gusubiza ibibazo byihuse:
Koresha sisitemu yo gushakisha amakuru kuri gasutamo yo mu gihugu uganamo: Urugero, "ACE Portal" ya Amerika (Sisitemu y’ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi yikora), "ECS (Sisitemu yo kugenzura kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze)" ya EU, andika inomero y’itangazo kugira ngo urebe uko ibicuruzwa byifashe (nk'"igenzura ritegereje," "inyandiko zitegereje," "izasohotse");
Guhuza n'abahuza ba gasutamo/abafatanyabikorwa mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa: Saba abatanga serivisi gutanga "uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo mu buryo bwihuse," urugero, iyo gasutamo izanye "ibibazo byo kwandika" cyangwa "ibisabwa mu nyandiko," amakuru agomba guhuzwa mu masaha 24, kandi hagatangwa ubufasha mu gutegura inyandiko z'inyongera (nk'ibisobanuro byo gushyira mu byiciro inyandiko, raporo z'inyongera z'ibyemezo) kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda guterwa n'ibisubizo bidatunguranye.

III. Igiciro nyacyo cy'imenyekanisha ritari ryo: Gutinda no gucibwa amande ku misoro ya gasutamo - Inyigo z'imanza

Nyuma y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amabwiriza mashya mu 2025, ibigo byinshi byagize igihombo bitewe n'ibibazo byo gutangaza. Ibi bikurikira ni nk'umuburo:

Urubanza rwa 1: Gutinda kwinjiza imisoro ku misoro y’i Burayi: Isosiyete yohereje "bateri za lithium zo kubika ingufu" mu Budage, ikomeje gukoresha kode ishaje 8507.6000 kugira ngo imenyekane, idashyizeho ikimenyetso cya "UL 9540". Ibicuruzwa byafatiwe ku cyambu cya Hamburg. Amaherezo, igikorwa cyafashe iminsi 12 kugira ngo cyongere inyandiko (guhindura no gukosora, no gusaba icyemezo cya UL cyihuse), byatumye amafaranga yo kubika ububiko bw’ibikoresho agera ku 8.000 ndetse bitinza itangwa ry’umushinga w’umukiriya, bituma hacibwa ihazabu ya 5.000 y’amayero kubera kutubahiriza amasezerano;

Urubanza rwa 2: Amande menshi muri Amerika: Isosiyete yavuze ko "bateri z'amashanyarazi zakoreshejwe" ari bateri zisanzwe, ibyo bikaba byarafashwe nk'"itangazo ry'ibinyoma" na CBP yo muri Amerika. Amaherezo isosiyete yaciwe amande ya 25% by'agaciro k'imizigo (hafi amadolari 120.000 y'Amerika), maze ibicuruzwa bisubizwa mu Bushinwa, bituma habaho igihombo cy'amadolari 60.000 y'Amerika mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu n'amahoro;
Urubanza rwa 3: Kugabanuka kw'inguzanyo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba: Isosiyete yahuye n'ibibazo byo kwishyura imisoro muri Singapuru bitewe n'"ubusumbane buri hagati y'amakode n'ibicuruzwa" (urugero, gushyira amabanki y'amashanyarazi mu byiciro by'ibikoresho byo gusharija nk'amabateri asanzwe). Iyi sosiyete yashyizwe ku rutonde rw' "ikigo cy'ingenzi gicungwa" na Gasutamo ya Singapuru, bituma igipimo cy'igenzura 100% ku bicuruzwa byose byakurikiyeho biva ku minsi 3 bikagera ku minsi 10, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano w'ibicuruzwa.

IV. Ni gute wakoresha inkunga y'inzobere kugira ngo uhangane n'amabwiriza mashya muri 2025?

Guhangana n’uburyo bwongereye amakuru yerekeye amategeko ya HS n’ibisabwa bikomeye mu kubahiriza amategeko, kwishingikiriza gusa ku matsinda y’ibigo by’imbere mu kigo akenshi ntibihagije kugira ngo bigere ku byifuzo bigoye nko "itandukaniro mu mategeko ku masoko menshi mpuzamahanga" n' "ivugurura rya politiki rihoraho." Kubwibyo, guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa w’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa uzi neza amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2025 no kugira uburambe ku rwego rw’isi mu bijyanye no kwemerera ibicuruzwa ku misoro ni ingenzi cyane. Dufashe urugero rwa Brand Empowerer, ikigo cyihariye mu gutanga serivisi z’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, nk'ubufasha bukurikira burahari ku gutangaza ibicuruzwa bya bateri:

Serivisi yo gushyira mu byiciro bya HS Code: Duhuje amabwiriza mashya y’amasoko akomeye ku isi (EU, US, Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, Ositaraliya) yo mu 2025, dutanga inama z’ukuri ku makode hashingiwe ku "ubwoko - ibipimo - imiterere y’ikoreshwa - imiterere y’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko" y’ibicuruzwa bya bateri, kandi tugafasha mu gusaba "ibyemezo byabanje gushyirwa mu byiciro" bivuye kuri gasutamo y’igihugu cy’aho bijya kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo gushyira mu byiciro;
Isuzuma ry'inyandiko y'itangazo n'iyuzuzwa: Dusuzuma ibipimo, inyandiko z'impamyabushobozi, raporo z'ibicuruzwa biteje akaga, n'ibindi bikoresho byateguwe n'isosiyete binyuranyije n'amabwiriza mashya, tugaragaza kandi tugakemura ibibazo byose (urugero, tubibutsa kongeramo "ibisobanuro by'imiterere y'ibintu" na "inyandiko za EPR"), tukareba ko inyandiko zujuje ibisabwa na gasutamo y'igihugu cy'aho ibicuruzwa bijyanwa;
Ubufasha bwuzuye ku bijyanye no gukusanya ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo: Dukoresheje uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu bijyanye no gukusanya ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo (bukubiyemo Amazon FBA, gukusanya ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo mu bucuruzi, nibindi), duhuza n'abahuza ba gasutamo bo mu gihugu cy'iwacu, dusubiza ibibazo bya gasutamo mu gihe nyacyo mu gihe cyo gutangaza ibicuruzwa no gukemura ibibazo nk'"amatangazo yo kugenzura" n'"ibisabwa mu nyandiko," bigabanya igihe cyo gukusanya ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo;
Serivisi nshya yo kuvugurura amabwiriza: Duhora duha amasosiyete amakuru mashya ku ivugurura ry’amategeko ya HS n’ivugurura ry’ibyemezo by’amategeko ku masoko akomeye ku isi (urugero, igihugu cyongera ibisabwa ku bijyanye n’ingufu nshya za bateri, dufasha amasosiyete guhindura ingamba zo gutangaza amakuru mbere y’igihe no kwirinda ibyago biterwa n’impinduka za politiki.

V. Umwanzuro: Muri 2025, itangazo ryujuje ibisabwa ni "inzira y'ibanze" y'ubucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa bya batiri.
Ivugurura ry’amategeko ya HS yo mu 2025 si ikibazo cy’igihe gito, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cy’icyerekezo cy’amategeko agenga ubucuruzi ku isi mu "gukora neza no kubahiriza amategeko." Ku bigo bicuruza bateri, aho guhangana n’ibyago byo "gutinda, amande, no kugabanuka kw’inguzanyo" mu gihe cyo kwemererwa kwishyura gasutamo, ni byiza gukora ibishoboka byose - guhindura iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mu gupiganwa kw’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa binyuze mu "gushyira mu byiciro neza, inyandiko zuzuye, no gukorana mu buryo bw’umwuga."