Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zempahla yomoya neyemikhumbi kanye nesikhathi

1. Izindleko

1.1 Ukwakheka kanye nezici zezindleko zokuthutha ngendiza
Izindleko zokuthutha ngendiza zifaka phakathi izingxenye ezilandelayo:
Izindleko zokuhamba: Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yezindleko zokuthutha ngendiza, ngokuvamile ezibalwa ngokusekelwe esisindweni noma kumthamo wezimpahla. Amanani okuthutha ngendiza aphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu zezindiza, okuhlanganisa uphethiloli, ukulungiswa kwezindiza, izindleko zabasebenzi, njll. Isibonelo, intengo yokuthutha ngendiza yokuthutha iqoqo lemikhiqizo kagesi enenani eliphezulu isuka eShayina iya e-United States ingaba izikhathi ezi-5-10 kunentengo yokuthutha ngemikhumbi.
Imali eyengeziwe kaphethiloli: Uma ithinteka ukushintshashintsha kwamanani kaphethiloli emhlabeni jikelele, imali eyengeziwe kaphethiloli izolungiswa ngokufanele, okuzothinta ngqo izindleko zokuthutha ngendiza.
Imali eyengeziwe yezokuphepha: Imali eyengeziwe ebekwa yizinkampani zezindiza ukuze zibhekane nezingozi zokuphepha, futhi izinga layo linqunywa yizinkampani zezindiza ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela.
Imali yokukhishwa kwempahla ngenkani: Kubandakanya imali yokumemezela impahla ngenkani, imali yokuhlola impahla, njll., imali ethile iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesigaba, inani kanye nenqubomgomo yokungenisa impahla yezwe okuya kulo.
Izindleko zokugcina: Izindleko ezitholwe ngesikhathi izimpahla zilinde ukuvunyelwa kwentela kanye nokudluliselwa kwazo esikhumulweni sezindiza noma endaweni yokugcina impahla, zibalwa ngokusekelwe entengo yeyunithi yokugcina impahla kanye nesikhathi sokugcina impahla.
Izindleko zomshuwalense: Izindleko zokuhlinzeka ngomshuwalense wokuthutha wezimpahla, kanye nesilinganiso sinqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwezimpahla kanye nezingozi zokuhamba.
Izindleko zokupakisha: Ngokwezici zezimpahla nezidingo zokuhamba, khetha izinto zokupakisha ezifanele kanye nezindlela, futhi izindleko ezitholakalayo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezimpahla.
Imali yokulanda noma yokulethwa: Ibalwa ngokuya ngebanga kanye nenani lokulanda noma lokulethwa, ngokusekelwe entengo yeyunithi noma ezindinganisweni zokushaja ezingaguquki.
Izici zezindleko zokuthutha ngendiza yintengo ephezulu yamayunithi kanye nokuhambisana nesikhathi. Nakuba imithwalo iphezulu, isivinini sokuthutha siyashesha, esifanele ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu nezithinta isikhathi.

1.2 Ukwakheka kanye nezici zezindleko zokuthutha ngolwandle
Izindleko zokuthutha ngolwandle zifaka phakathi izingxenye ezilandelayo:
Impahla eyisisekelo yolwandle: Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezindleko zokuthutha olwandle, ebalwa ngokusekelwe esisindweni noma kumthamo wezimpahla. Impahla eyisisekelo yolwandle iyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nemizila, izinkampani zokuthumela, kanye nezinhlobo zezimpahla.
Izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli: Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zikaphethiloli zemikhumbi, izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezindleko zokuthutha olwandle. Lapho amanani kaphethiloli ongahluziwe emhlabeni wonke enyuka, izindleko zikaphethiloli zezinkampani zokuthutha ziyanda, kanti amanani okuthutha olwandle nawo azokhuphuka ngokufanele.
Izindleko zechweba: Imikhumbi idinga ukukhokha uchungechunge lwezimali lapho ingena futhi iphuma emachwebeni, okuhlanganisa izimali zechweba, izimali zokushayela, izimali zokudonsa izikebhe, njll. Izindinganiso zokushaja zamachweba ahlukene ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, izindleko zechweba kwamanye amazwe athuthukile ziphakeme kakhulu.
Izindleko zendawo: kufaka phakathi izimali zokuphatha i-terminal, izimali zamadokhumenti, izimali zokukhululwa kwe-telex, izimali zokushintsha izikweletu, izimali zokushintsha izikweletu, izimali zokubhukha, izimali zokunciphisa izindleko, njll.
Ezinye izindleko: kufaka phakathi amanani entela, izimali zokukhishwa kwentela, izimali zokuhlola kanye nokuhlukaniswa, izimali ze-ejensi, izimali zamadokhumenti, njll., ezihlukahluka ngokwemithetho nemigomo yamazwe nezifunda ezahlukene.
Izindleko zomshuwalense: ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezimpahla kanye nesibopho somshuwalense.
Izici zezindleko zokuhamba ngolwandle ngamanani aphansi eyunithi kanye nokuhamba ngezinga elikhulu. Ukuhamba ngolwandle kufanelekile ukuthutha izimpahla eziningi, ikakhulukazi izimpahla ezinkulu kanye nezimpahla ezinenani eliphansi, ngezindleko zokuhamba eziphansi, kodwa isikhathi eside sokuthutha.

1.3 Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqhathanisa Izindleko
Izindleko zokuhamba: Izindleko zokuhamba ngendiza ziphakeme kakhulu kunezokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Ngokuvamile, intengo yokuhamba ngendiza iphindwe ka-3-5 kuneyokuhamba ngesitimela, kanti isitimela siphindwe ka-2-3 kuneyokuhamba ngamanzi. Isibonelo, ukusuka eShayina kuya eYurophu, izindleko zokuhamba ngendiza zingaba izikhathi ezi-5-10 kunezokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Inkokhelo eyengeziwe kaphethiloli: Izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli zokuhamba emoyeni nasolwandle zombili zithinteka ukuguquguquka kwamanani kaphethiloli emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli zokuhamba emoyeni ziphakeme kakhulu ngoba izindiza zinezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Imali Yechweba/Isikhumulo Sezindiza: Imali yechweba yezokuthutha ngolwandle iyahlukahluka kuye ngechweba, kanti izindleko ziphezulu emazweni athuthukile kanye nezindleko eziphansi emazweni asathuthuka. Imali yesikhumulo sezindiza yezokuthutha ngendiza iphakeme kakhulu, futhi kunezimali eziningi ezahlukahlukene njengezimali zokusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nezimali zokuphepha.
Izindleko zomshwalense: Izindleko zomshwalense zokuhamba emoyeni nasolwandle zinqunywa ngokohlobo lwezimpahla kanye nezingozi zokuhamba, kodwa izindleko zomshwalense zokuhamba emoyeni ziphansi kakhulu ngoba ukuthuthwa emoyeni kuphephile.
Izindleko zokugcina: Isikhathi sokugcina izinto zokuhamba ngolwandle singase sibe side, ikakhulukazi uma kuneminyana echwebeni, izindleko zokugcina izinto zizokwanda. Isikhathi sokugcina izinto zokuhamba emoyeni sifushane kanti izindleko zokugcina ziphansi kakhulu.
Ukuhambisana nesikhathi: Ukuthuthwa ngendiza kuhambisana nesikhathi futhi kufaneleka izimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu nezithinta isikhathi. Ukuthuthwa ngemikhumbi kuhambisana nesikhathi futhi kufaneleka izimpahla eziningi ezinenani eliphansi.
Sekukonke, ukuthuthwa ngendiza kunezindleko eziphezulu kodwa kuhambisana nesikhathi, okulungele izimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu nezithinta isikhathi; ukuthuthwa ngemikhumbi kunezindleko eziphansi kodwa kuhambisana nesikhathi, okulungele izimpahla eziningi ezinenani eliphansi. Lapho ukhetha indlela yokuhamba, izinkampani kufanele zicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngokusekelwe ezicini zezimpahla nezidingo zokuhamba.

2. Isici sesikhathi

2.1 Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kwezokuthutha emoyeni
Ukuthuthwa ngendiza kungenye yezindlela zokuhamba ezisheshayo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kunezinzuzo ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuthuthwa ngendiza sisukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuye ngebanga eliphakathi kwemvelaphi nendawo oya kuyo. Isibonelo, ukuthutha iqoqo lezimpahla ezivela eShayina ziya e-United States ngendiza kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-1-2 kuphela, kanti ukuthuthwa ngolwandle kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-30-45. Lo mthamo wokuthutha okusheshayo wenza ukuthuthwa ngendiza kufaneke kakhulu ezimpahleni ezinenani eliphezulu nezithinta isikhathi, njengemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi ezinembile, izimbali, ukudla okusha, njll., okungaqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zifika endaweni eya kuyo ngesikhathi esifushane futhi kunciphise ingozi yokulahlekelwa kanye nokwehla kwenani lezimpahla ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa ephezulu yezindiza zokuthutha emoyeni, ikakhulukazi emizileni emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe, kunezindiza eziningi ezitholakala nsuku zonke, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kwezokuthutha emoyeni. Ijubane lokuthuthwa emoyeni lingasheshiswa kakhulu ngokwenza ngcono indlela yokulayisha imithwalo, ukuhlela izindiza kusengaphambili, ukuqinisa ukuqapha nokulandelela, ukusiza ukumenyezelwa kwamasiko kusengaphambili, kanye nokwamukela izinsizakalo zokususa amasiko ngokushesha.

2.2 Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kwezokuthutha olwandle
Isikhathi sokuthuthwa kwezokuthutha olwandle side kakhulu, kodwa sinenzuzo yokuhamba ngezinga elikhulu. Isikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwezokuthutha olwandle sivame ukuba phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi umzila kanye nechweba kugcwele kangakanani. Isibonelo, kusukela eShayina kuya echwebeni eliyisisekelo eYurophu, isikhathi sokuthunyelwa ngokuvamile siba cishe izinsuku ezingama-30, kanti ichweba lingadinga izinsuku ezi-7 ezengeziwe. Ukuhamba olwandle kufanelekile ukuthutha izimpahla eziningi, ikakhulukazi izimpahla ezinkulu kanye nezimpahla ezinenani eliphansi njengelahle, i-ore, okusanhlamvu, njll., ezinezidingo eziphansi kakhulu zesikhathi sokuthunyelwa futhi zinaka kakhulu ukulawula izindleko zokuhamba.
Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kwezokuthutha olwandle kuthintwa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa komzila, isivinini somkhumbi, ukusebenza kahle kwechweba, izimo zezulu, njll. Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kwezokuthutha olwandle kungathuthukiswa ngokwenza ngcono ukukhethwa komzila, ukwandisa isivinini somkhumbi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwechweba, kanye nokuhlela kahle ukulayisha nokulayisha imithwalo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yebanga elide lokuthutha kanye nezixhumanisi eziningi zokuthutha olwandle, ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kwalo kusephansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuneminyana echwebeni, isikhathi sokuthutha izimpahla singandiswa kakhulu.

2.3 Ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa isikhathi
Umehluko ekusebenzeni kahle kwesikhathi phakathi kwezokuthutha emoyeni kanye nezokuthutha olwandle ubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Isivinini sokuhamba: Isivinini sokuhamba emoyeni sishesha kakhulu kunesokuhamba olwandle. Isivinini sokuhamba emoyeni sivame ukuba ngamakhilomitha angu-800-900 ngehora, kuyilapho isivinini sokuhamba olwandle sihlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhumbi nomzila, ngokuvamile amakhilomitha angu-20-30 ngehora. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthuthwa komoya kungaqeda ukuthuthwa okude ngesikhathi esifushane, kuyilapho ukuthuthwa kolwandle kuthatha isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuhamba: Isikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza ngokuvamile siphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-7, kanti isikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza singaba yizinsuku eziyi-10-45 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhamba ngendiza kufanelekela ukuthuthwa okuphuthumayo kanye nezimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu, futhi kungahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende ngokushesha; kanti ukuthuthwa ngendiza kufanelekela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziningi futhi kugxile ekulawuleni izindleko.
Ukuhambisana nesikhathi: Ezokuthutha ngendiza zihambisana nesikhathi, okungaqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zifika endaweni yazo ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi zifanele izimpahla ezihambisana nesikhathi. Ezokuthutha ngemikhumbi zihambisana nesikhathi futhi zithatha isikhathi eside, ezifanela izimpahla ezingahambisani nesikhathi.
Ukuguquguquka: Ukuthuthwa ngendiza kunemvamisa ephezulu yokundiza, futhi ukukhetha ukusuka nokuya endaweni kuyaguquguquka, okungasabela ngokushesha ezidingweni zamakhasimende. Imizila yokuthuthwa ngemikhumbi izinzile, futhi ukuhlela imikhumbi kanye nokulayishwa nokuthululwa kwezimpahla kudinga isikhathi eside ukuhlela, futhi ukuguquguquka akukuhle.
Ngokuvamile, ezokuthutha emoyeni zinezinzuzo ezisobala ekusebenzeni kahle kwesikhathi futhi zifanele izimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu nezingadingi isikhathi; kuyilapho ezokuthutha zasolwandle zisebenza kahle ngesikhathi esincane futhi zifanele izimpahla ezinkulu, ezinenani eliphansi. Lapho ekhetha indlela yokuhamba, amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nezici zezimpahla, izidingo zamakhasimende kanye nezindleko zokuhamba ukuze athole umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuhamba.

3. Isifinyezo
Njengoba izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthutha izimpahla zomhlaba wonke, ezokuthutha emoyeni kanye nezokuhamba olwandle zinezici zazo ezibalulekile ngezindleko nesikhathi, futhi zifanele izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla nezidingo zokuthutha.
Ngokombono wezindleko, ezokuthutha ngendiza zinentengo ephezulu yeyunithi, kodwa zihambisana nesikhathi, futhi zifanele izimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu nezithinta isikhathi. Izindleko zazo zokuhamba, izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli, izindleko ezengeziwe zokuphepha, izimali zokuhlanza impahla, njll. ziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa izindleko zokugcina kanye nezindleko zomshuwalense ziphansi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezokuthutha ngemikhumbi zinentengo ephansi yeyunithi futhi zifanele ukuthuthwa kwempahla okukhulu, okunenani eliphansi. Izindleko eziyisisekelo zokuthutha ngemikhumbi, izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli kanye nezindleko zechweba zokuthutha ngemikhumbi ziphansi kakhulu, kodwa isikhathi sokugcina singase sibe side, okuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokugcina.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi, ukuthuthwa komoya kushesha kakhulu kunokuthuthwa kolwandle, futhi isikhathi sokuthuthwa ngokuvamile siphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-7. Kungahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende ngokushesha futhi kufanelekela ukuthuthwa okuphuthumayo kanye nezimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu. Ukuthuthwa komoya kunezikhathi eziningi zokundiza, ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kokusuka kanye nendawo oya kuyo, futhi kungasabela ngokushesha ezidingweni zamakhasimende. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthwa kolwandle kunesikhathi eside sokuthuthwa, ngokuvamile izinsuku eziyi-10-45 noma ngaphezulu, okufanelekela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziningi futhi kugxile ekulawuleni izindleko. Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kokuthuthwa kolwandle kuthinteka yizici eziningi njengokukhethwa komzila, isivinini somkhumbi, ukusebenza kahle kwechweba, izimo zezulu, njll., futhi isikhathi sokuthuthwa sizokwandiswa kakhulu lapho ichweba ligcwele.
Ngokuvamile, lapho kukhethwa indlela yokuhamba, amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele ngokuphelele izici ezifana nenani lezimpahla, izidingo zesikhathi, izindleko zokuhamba, kanye nezinhlobo zezimpahla. Ezimpahleni ezinenani eliphezulu nezithinta isikhathi, njengemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi ezinembile, izimbali, ukudla okusha, njll., ukuthuthwa komoya kuyisinqumo esifaneleka kakhulu; kuyilapho ezintweni eziningi ezinenani eliphansi, njengelahle, i-ore, okusanhlamvu, njll., ukuthuthwa kolwandle kunenzuzo enkulu. Ngokukhetha ngendlela efanele indlela yokuhamba, amabhizinisi angafinyelela ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zebhizinisi ezahlukene.