Te whakataurite i ngā utu me te wā o te utanga rererangi me te utanga moana

1. Te utu

1.1 Te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o ngā utu utanga rererangi
Ko ngā utu mō te uta rererangi ko ngā wāhanga matua e whai ake nei:
Ngā utu kawe: Koinei te wāhanga matua o ngā utu utanga rererangi, e tatauhia ana i runga i te taumaha, i te rahinga rānei o ngā taonga. He tino teitei ngā utu utanga rererangi nā te nui o ngā utu whakahaere o ngā waka rererangi, tae atu ki te wahie, te tiaki waka rererangi, ngā utu kaimahi, me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, ko te utu utanga rererangi mō te kawe i tētahi puranga hua hiko utu nui mai i Haina ki te Hononga o Amerika ka eke pea ki te 5-10 ngā wā o te utu utanga moana.
Tāpiritanga wahie: I runga i te pānga o ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu hinu o te ao, ka whakarerekētia ngā tāpiritanga wahie i runga i tēnā, ka pā tika ki ngā utu utanga rererangi.
Te utu tāpiri mō te haumarutanga: He utu tāpiri e whakatakotoria ana e ngā kamupene rererangi hei whakatau i ngā mōrearea haumarutanga, ā, ko tōna utu ka whakatauhia e ngā kamupene rererangi i runga i ngā āhuatanga tūturu.
Ngā utu whakawātea tikanga: Tae atu ki ngā utu whakapuakitanga tikanga, ngā utu tirotiro taonga, me ētahi atu, ka rerekē ngā utu motuhake i runga i te kāwai, te uara me te kaupapa here kawemai o te whenua e haere atu ana.
Ngā utu rokiroki: Ko ngā utu e puta ana i te wā e tatari ana ngā taonga mō te whakawāteatanga a te tari taake me te whakawhiti kaipuke i te taunga rererangi, i te whare putunga rānei, ka tatauhia i runga i te utu mō te wae rokiroki me te wā rokiroki.
Ngā utu inihua: Ko te utu mō te whakarato inihua kawe mō ngā taonga, me te reiti ka whakatauhia i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te momo taonga me ngā mōrearea kawe.
Ngā utu tākai: Kōwhiria ngā rauemi me ngā tikanga tākai e tika ana, e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā taonga me ngā whakaritenga kawe, ā, ka rerekē ngā utu i runga i te taonga.
Ngā utu tiki, utu tuku rānei: Ka tatauhia i runga i te tawhiti me te maha o ngā tiki, utu tuku rānei, i runga i te utu mō ia wae, i ngā paerewa utu pumau rānei.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā utu utanga rererangi ko te utu nui mō ia wae me te tere o te kawe. Ahakoa he nui te utanga, he tere tonu te kawe, he mea e tika ana mō te kawe i ngā taonga utu nui, ā, he mea e tika ana mō te kawe i ngā taonga e tere ana te kawe.

1.2 Te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o ngā utu utanga moana
Ko ngā utu uta moana te nuinga o ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:
Utu kaipuke taketake: Koinei te wāhanga tino nui o te utu utanga moana, ka tatauhia i runga i te taumaha, i te rahinga rānei o ngā taonga. Ka rerekē te utu utanga moana taketake i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā huarahi, ngā kamupene kaipuke, me ngā momo taonga.
Ngā utu tāpiri wahie: Nā te nui o ngā utu wahie o ngā kaipuke, he mea nui ngā utu tāpiri wahie o ngā utu utanga moana. Ina piki ake ngā utu hinu mata o te ao, ka piki ake ngā utu wahie o ngā kamupene kaipuke, ā, ka piki ake anō hoki ngā utu utanga moana.
Ngā utu tauranga: Me utu e ngā kaipuke he raupapa utu ina tomo mai, ina wehe atu hoki i ngā tauranga, tae atu ki ngā utu tauranga, ngā utu paerata, ngā utu poti tō, me ētahi atu. He rerekē ngā paerewa utu mō ngā tauranga rerekē. Hei tauira, he tino teitei ngā utu tauranga i ētahi whenua whakawhanake.
Ngā utu ā-rohe: tae atu ki ngā utu whakahaere tauranga, ngā utu tuhinga, ngā utu tuku waea, ngā utu whakarerekētanga pire, ngā utu whakawhiti pire, ngā utu pukapuka, ngā utu whakamutu utu, me ētahi atu.
Ētahi atu utu: tae atu ki ngā tari taake, ngā utu whakawātea tikanga, ngā utu tirotiro me te taratahi, ngā utu tari, ngā utu tuhinga, me ētahi atu, e rerekē ana i runga i ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga o ngā whenua me ngā rohe rerekē.
Ngā utu inihua: e whakamahia ana hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā taonga me te nama inihua.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā utu kawe moana ko ngā utu iti mō ia wae me te kawe nui. He pai te kawe moana mō te kawe i ngā taonga nui, inā koa ngā taonga papatipu me ngā taonga iti te uara, he iti ake ngā utu kawe, engari he roa ake te wā kawe.

1.3 Tātaritanga Whakataurite Utu
Ngā utu kawe: He nui ake ngā utu kawe o te kawe rererangi i ngā utu kawe moana. I te nuinga o te wā, e 3-5 ngā wā te utu o te kawe rererangi i te utu o te kawe tereina, ā, e 2-3 ngā wā te utu o te kawe tereina i te utu o te kawe wai. Hei tauira, mai i Haina ki Ūropi, e 5-10 pea ngā wā te utu o te kawe rererangi i te utu o te kawe moana.
Tāpiri wahie: Ka pāngia ngā tāpiri wahie o te kawe waka rererangi me te kawe moana e ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu hinu o te ao, engari he teitei rawa ngā tāpiri wahie o te kawe waka rererangi nā te mea he nui ake te tere whakapau wahie a ngā waka rererangi.
Utu Tauranga/Taunga Rererangi: He rerekē ngā utu tauranga mō te kawe waka moana i ia tauranga ki ia tauranga, he nui ake ngā utu i ngā whenua whakawhanake, he iti ake ngā utu i ngā whenua whakawhanake. He nui ake ngā utu taunga rererangi mō te kawe waka rererangi, ā, he maha atu ngā utu pēnei i ngā utu whakahaere taunga rererangi me ngā utu haumaru.
Ngā utu inihua: Ka whakatauhia ngā utu inihua mō te kawe waka rererangi me te kawe waka moana i runga i te momo taonga me ngā mōrearea kawe waka, engari he iti noa ngā utu inihua mō te kawe waka rererangi nā te mea he haumaru ake te kawe waka rererangi.
Ngā utu rokiroki: Tērā pea ka roa ake te wā rokiroki mō te kawe waka i runga moana, inā koa ka noho puku te tauranga, ka piki ake ngā utu rokiroki. He poto ake te wā rokiroki mō te kawe waka rererangi, ā, he iti noa iho ngā utu rokiroki.
Te Wā Tika: He tere te tere o te kawe waka rererangi, ā, he pai mō ngā taonga utu nui me ngā taonga e tere ana te tere. He iti te tere o te kawe waka moana, ā, he pai mō ngā rahinga nui o ngā taonga utu iti.
I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ngā utu mō te kawe waka rererangi engari he kaha te tere o te kawe, he mea e tika ana mō ngā taonga utu nui me ngā taonga e aro nui ana ki te wā; he iti ngā utu mō te kawe waka moana engari he ngoikore te tere o te kawe, he mea e tika ana mō ngā taonga utu iti te nui. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi momo kawe, me whai whakaaro whānui ngā kamupene i runga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā taonga me ngā hiahia kawe.

2. Te āhua o te wā

2.1 Te whai huatanga o te wā o te kawe waka rererangi
Ko te kawe waka rererangi tētahi o ngā momo kawe tere rawa atu, ā, he nui ngā painga o tōna whai huatanga i te wā. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te roa o te kawe waka rererangi mai i ētahi hāora ki ētahi rā, i runga i te tawhiti i waenganui i te pūtake me te ūnga. Hei tauira, ko te kawe waka rererangi i tētahi puranga taonga mai i Haina ki te Hononga o Amerika ka roa pea i te 1-2 rā, ko te kawe waka moana ia ka roa pea i te 30-45 rā. Nā te tere o te kawe waka rererangi, he tino pai te kawe waka rererangi mō ngā taonga utu nui me ngā taonga wā-poto, pērā i ngā hua hiko, ngā taputapu tino tika, ngā putiputi, ngā kai hou, me ētahi atu, ka taea ai te whakarite kia tae wawe mai ngā taonga ki te ūnga, ā, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ngaronga me te hekenga o te uara o ngā taonga i te wā e kawe ana.
Hei tāpiritanga, nā te nui o ngā rerenga rererangi, inā koa i ngā huarahi nui o te ao, he maha ngā rerenga e wātea ana i ia rā, e whakapai ake ana i te ngāwari me te whai huatanga o te wā o te kawe rererangi. Ka taea te whakatere ake i te tere o te kawe rererangi mā te arotau i te tikanga uta utanga, te whakarite rerenga i mua, te whakapakari i te aroturuki me te whai i ngā waka, te āwhina i te whakapuakitanga a ngā tikanga i mua, me te whakamahi i ngā ratonga whakawātea tikanga tere.

2.2 Te whai huatanga o te wā o te kawe waka moana
He roa te wā kawe waka moana, engari he painga nō te kawe nui. Ko te wā tuku waka moana he maha ngā rā ki ētahi wiki, neke atu rānei, i runga i te pukumahi o te huarahi me te tauranga. Hei tauira, mai i Haina ki te tauranga matua i Ūropi, ko te wā tuku he 30 rā te nuinga, engari ko te tauranga ka hiahiatia pea ētahi atu rā e 7. He pai te kawe waka moana mō te kawe i ngā taonga nui, inā koa ko ngā taonga papatipu me ngā taonga iti te uara pērā i te waro, te konganuku, te witi, me ētahi atu, he iti noa iho ngā whakaritenga mō te wā tuku, ā, he nui ake te aro ki te whakahaere i ngā utu kawe.
He maha ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ana e te whai huatanga o te wā o te kawe waka moana, tae atu ki te whiriwhiri huarahi, te tere o te kaipuke, te whai huatanga o te whakahaere tauranga, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te wā o te kawe waka moana mā te arotau i te whiriwhiri huarahi, te whakanui ake i te tere o te kaipuke, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere tauranga, me te whakarite tika i te uta me te tango utanga. Heoi, nā te tawhiti o te kawe waka me te maha o ngā hononga o te kawe waka moana, he iti tonu te whai huatanga o te wā, inā koa i te wā e noho puku ana te tauranga, ka roa ake pea te wā kawe taonga.

2.3 Tātaritanga whakatairite wā
Ko ngā rerekētanga o te whai huatanga o te wā i waenga i te kawe waka rererangi me te kawe waka moana e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Te tere o te kawe waka: He tere ake te tere o te kawe waka rererangi i te tere o te kawe waka moana. Ko te tere o te kawe waka rererangi he 800-900 kiromita ia hāora, ko te tere o te kawe waka moana he rerekē i runga i te momo kaipuke me te huarahi, ko te tikanga he 20-30 kiromita ia hāora. Ko te tikanga ka taea e te kawe waka rererangi te whakaoti i te kawe waka tawhiti i roto i te wā poto, ko te kawe waka moana he roa ake te wā.
Te wā kawe: Ko te wā kawe o te waka rererangi kei waenganui i te 1-7 rā, ko te wā kawe o te waka moana he 10-45 rā, neke atu rānei. He pai te waka rererangi mō te kawe tere me ngā taonga utu nui, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki wawe i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki; ko te waka moana ia he pai mō te kawe i ngā taonga nui, ā, e aro ana ki te whakahaere utu.
Te Wā Tika: He tere te tere o te kawe waka rererangi, ā, ka taea ai te whakarite kia tere te taenga mai o ngā taonga ki te ūnga, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā taonga e aro nui ana ki te wā. He iti te tere o te kawe waka moana, ā, he roa te wā kawe, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā taonga kāore e aro nui ana ki te wā.
Ngāwari: He nui ngā rerenga rererangi a te waka rererangi, ā, he ngāwari te whiriwhiri i te wehenga atu me te ūnga atu, ka taea ai te whakautu wawe ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. He pumau ngā huarahi o te waka moana, ā, he roa te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite i te whakaritenga o ngā kaipuke me te uta me te tango i ngā taonga, ā, he ngoikore te ngāwari.
I te nuinga o te wā, he mārama ngā painga o te kawe waka rererangi i te whai huatanga o te wā, ā, he pai mō ngā taonga utu nui me ngā taonga wā-poto; engari he iti te whai huatanga o te kawe waka moana i te wā, ā, he pai mō ngā taonga nui, iti te uara. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi momo kawe waka, me whai whakaaro whānui ngā umanga i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā āhuatanga o ngā taonga, ngā hiahia o te kiritaki me ngā utu kawe waka kia tutuki ai te hua kawe waka pai rawa atu.

3. Whakarāpopototanga
Hei huarahi matua e rua mō te kawe utanga o te ao, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te kawe waka rererangi me te kawe waka moana i te utu me te wā, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā momo taonga me ngā hiahia kawe rerekē.
Mai i te tirohanga utu, he nui te utu mō ia wae o te kawe waka rererangi, engari he kaha te wā tika, ā, he pai mō ngā taonga utu nui me ngā taonga wā-poto. He nui te utu kawe, ngā utu tāpiri wahie, ngā utu tāpiri haumaru, ngā utu whakakore tikanga, me ētahi atu, engari he iti te utu rokiroki me ngā utu inihua. He rerekē, he iti te utu mō ia wae o te kawe waka moana, ā, he pai mō te kawe utanga nui, iti te uara. He iti te utu uta taketake, ngā utu tāpiri wahie me ngā utu tauranga o te kawe waka moana, engari ka roa ake pea te wā rokiroki, ka piki ake te utu rokiroki.
Mō te whai hua o te wā, he tere ake te kawe waka rererangi i te kawe waka moana, ā, ko te roa o te kawe waka he 1-7 rā te roa. Ka taea te whakatutuki wawe i ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki, ā, he pai mō te kawe tere me ngā taonga utu nui. He maha ngā rerenga rererangi a te kawe waka rererangi, he ngāwari te whiriwhiri i te wehenga me te haerenga, ā, ka taea te whakautu wawe ki ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki. Heoi, he roa ake te wā kawe waka moana, he 10-45 rā te roa, he pai mō te kawe i ngā taonga maha, ā, e aro ana ki te whakahaere utu. He maha ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ana e te whai hua o te wā o te kawe waka moana, pērā i te whiriwhiri huarahi, te tere o te kaipuke, te whai hua o te whakahaere tauranga, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, me ētahi atu, ā, ka roa ake te wā kawe waka ina kīkī te tauranga.
I te nuinga o te wā, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi momo kawe, me whai whakaaro whānui ngā umanga ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te uara o ngā taonga, ngā whakaritenga mō te wā tika, ngā utu kawe, me ngā momo taonga. Mō ngā taonga utu nui me ngā taonga e aro nui ana ki te wā, pēnei i ngā hua hiko, ngā taputapu tino tika, ngā putiputi, ngā kai hou, me ētahi atu, he pai ake te whiriwhiri kawe rererangi; engari mō ngā rahinga nui o ngā taonga iti te uara, pēnei i te waro, te konganuku, te witi, me ētahi atu, he pai ake te kawe moana. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i tētahi momo kawe, ka taea e ngā umanga te whakatutuki i te taurite pai i waenga i te utu me te whai huatanga, me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pakihi rerekē.