I-5.5% yabathengisi banengxaki yoThutho olungazinzanga: Iimfihlo ezi-3 ezingezizo ezobuchwephesha zokwakha izinto ezizinzileyo zoLawulo lokuqala

I-5.5% yabathengisi banengxaki yoThutho olungazinzanga: Iimfihlo ezi-3 ezingezizo ezobuchwephesha zokwakha izinto ezizinzileyo zoLawulo lokuqala

Kwicandelo lorhwebo lwehlabathi, uthungelwano lokuqala lufana "nemayile yokuqala" edibanisa imveliso kunye neemarike zaphesheya; ukuzinza kwalo kumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukugudiseka kothungelwano olulandelayo. Idatha yakutshanje evela kwiziko lophando lwezothungelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe ibonisa ukuba i-5.5% yabathengisi bezorhwebo behlabathi bahlala behlushwa kukulibaziseka kothutho lokuqala, ukuguquguquka kweendleko, kunye nomonakalo wemithwalo. Ezi ziganeko zibonakala zizimele ekugqibeleni zinokukhokelela kwii-odolo ezilahlekileyo, ukuwohloka kokuthenjwa kwabathengi, kunye noxinzelelo ekuhambeni kwemali. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusombulula ezi ngxaki akuxhomekekanga kuphela kuphuculo lwetekhnoloji okanye utyalo-mali olukhulu. Ezi mfihlo zintathu zilandelayo ezingezizo ezobuchwepheshe zifanelekile ngakumbi kubathengi behlabathi kunye nabasasazi ukuba bazisebenzise, ​​​​bakhe "umgca wokhuselo ozinzileyo" wothungelwano lokuqala ngokwembono yentsebenziswano kunye nolawulo.

Imfihlo 1: Yakha iNethiwekhi yoBambiswano lwezoThutho "eGuquguqukayo ngokuZinzileyo", egatya ukuxhomekeka kweQela elinye

Abathengi abaninzi badibana neengxaki kwisigaba sokuqala sezothutho ngenxa yokuthembela kakhulu kwisixhobo esinye Inkonzo yezoThutho umboneleli. Xa loo mboneleli wenkonzo ejongene nokuxinana kweezibuko, utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo, okanye ukunqongophala kwamandla, izicwangciso zakhe zothutho ziyema ngokupheleleyo. Imodeli yentsebenziswano ezinzileyo ngokwenene ibandakanya ukuseka inethiwekhi ye-logistics eguquguqukayo enesakhiwo "esiphambili + esixhasayo", esivumela ukwabiwa kwezixhobo okuguquguqukayo ngakumbi.

Okokuqala, ukukhethwa kwamaqabane aphambili kufuneka kudlule ngaphaya kwengcamango ephosakeleyo "yokuba ixabiso kuqala" kwaye kugxilwe kwizixhobo zabo ezisele zikho kwiindlela ekujoliswe kuzo. Umzekelo, kwiindlela zaseYurophu, ababoneleli bezothutho abanobudlelwane bexesha elide namazibuko afana neHamburg neRotterdam kufuneka babekwe phambili, njengoko behlala befikelela ngokukhawuleza kulwazi lokusebenza kwezibuko kunye nokubaluleka kokwabiwa kweendawo zokuhlala. Kwiindlela zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, amandla ababoneleli bezothutho ekuqondeni imigaqo-nkqubo yokususwa kwerhafu kunye nothungelwano lwabo lokuhambisa lwengingqi kufuneka aqwalaselwe. Ngaphambi kwentsebenziswano, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa izinga labo lokuhambisa ngexesha, idatha yezinga lomonakalo wemithwalo kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kunye namava abo embali ekusingatheni iimeko ezingxamisekileyo (ezifana neenkanyamba okanye ukuhlaselwa kweezibuko). Olu lwazi lubonisa uzinzo lwenkonzo ngokufanelekileyo kunesicatshulwa esilula samaxabiso.

Okwesibini, ugcino lwamaqabane axhasayo kufuneka lugxininise "ukuhambelana okwahlukileyo." Ukuba iqabane eliphambili liphumelela ekuthuthweni kwemithwalo epheleleyo yesikhongozeli (i-FCL), amaqabane axhasayo anokukhethwa kwabo banamandla kwimithwalo engaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (i-LCL) kunye neyomoya ukuze baphathe ii-odolo ezingxamisekileyo zeqela elincinci okanye iimeko apho ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuphazamiseka khona. Ukuba iqabane eliphambili ligubungela amazibuko amakhulu eYurophu naseMelika, amaqabane axhasayo anokugxila kwiindlela eziya kwiimarike ezikhulayo ezifana neMbindi Mpuma kunye noMzantsi Melika ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokwandiswa kweshishini. Okwangoku, ukugcina unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo nababoneleli beenkonzo zokuxhasayo, njengokuhlaziya izicwangciso zentsebenziswano rhoqo ngekota, kuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwentsebenziswano xa kuyimfuneko, kuthintelwe iingozi ezinxulumene nokufumana ngokukhawuleza ababoneleli beenkonzo zokuxhasayo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuseka indlela yokuvavanya intsebenziswano kubalulekile. Bonke ababoneleli beenkonzo zothutho abasebenzisanayo bahlolwa ngokupheleleyo rhoqo ngekota, kunye novavanyo lobungakanani olusekelwe kwimilinganiselo efana nokusebenza ngexesha, ukusebenza kakuhle konxibelelwano, kunye nokukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki. Ababoneleli abanamanqaku aphantsi rhoqo kwiikota ezimbini ezilandelelanayo bayasuswa, ngelixa izixhobo ezintsha, ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zongezwa kwinethiwekhi yentsebenziswano. Olu lawulo "lokusinda kwabo banamandla" oluguquguqukayo luqinisekisa intsebenziswano esemgangathweni rhoqo yezothutho.

Imfihlo Yesibini: Ukulawula Iinkcukacha Nge-"Full-Link Node" Ingqondo Yesilumkiso Somngcipheko Osebenzayo

Uzinzo lwe-logistics yokuqala luxhomekeke ekulawuleni yonke into. Abathengi abaninzi bagxila kuphela kwiindawo zokugqibela "zokuthumela" kunye "nokwamkela", bengayinaki iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokulayisha, ukususwa kwerhafu, kunye nokusebenza kwezibuko, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingozi ezingaguqukiyo ngexesha ezifunyenwe ngalo. Ukuphuhlisa indlela yokucinga "ye-node epheleleyo", ukucacisa uxanduva kunye nokwenza iinkqubo zicace kwinqanaba ngalinye, kubalulekile ekunciphiseni iziganeko ezingalindelekanga.

Kwinqanaba lokulayisha, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa imigangatho yokupakisha kunye neenkcukacha zokulayisha kunye nomboneleli wezothutho kunye nomenzi. Umzekelo, izinto ezibuthathaka kufuneka ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo ngeelebheli ezithintela ukushaqeka kwaye zisebenzise izixhobo zokuthambisa ezenzelwe wena. Umyalelo wokulayisha wempahla enzima nelula kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno zothutho ukuthintela ukufuduka kunye nokonakala ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Kwangaxeshanye, ababoneleli bezothutho kufuneka babeke abasebenzi abazinikeleyo ukuba bajonge inkqubo yokulayisha kuyo yonke loo nto, bethumela iifoto kunye neevidiyo ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho evunyelweneyo kunye nokuphepha iingxabano ezivela kuxanduva olungacacanga kamva.

Ukususwa kwempahla kwi-customs "ngumqobo ongabonakaliyo" kwi-logistics yokuqala, ngakumbi xa kujongwa utshintsho oluqhubekayo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Ukugqibelela nokuchaneka kwamaxwebhu okubhengezwa kwempahla kwi-customs kuchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-clearance. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe nababoneleli be-logistics ukuze kuhlolwe iimfuno ze-customs zamazwe ekujoliswe kuwo, njengesatifikethi se-CE kwimarike ye-EU, ubhaliso lwe-FDA e-US, kunye nesatifikethi se-SASO samazwe aseMpuma Ephakathi. Ezi mfuno kufuneka zifakwe kwinkqubo yokuphononongwa kwe-odolo ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu ahambelanayo alungisiwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Ngaphezu koko, ababoneleli be-logistics kufuneka bafuneke ukuba banike amanani okubhengezwa kwempahla kwi-customs kunye nohlaziyo lwenkqubela phambili emva kokubhengezwa ukuze kube lula ukulandelelwa kunye nokulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imiba yamaxwebhu.

Imisebenzi yezibuko ayiqinisekanga kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe "indlela yokulumkisa kwangethuba." Kufikelelwe kwisivumelwano nababoneleli bezothutho ukuze batyhale ulwazi ngenkqubela phambili kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokufika kwemithwalo ezibuko, ukuqaliswa kokulayisha nokukhupha impahla, kunye nokugqitywa kokulayisha enqanaweni. Ukuba ixesha elithathwayo nangaliphi na ixesha lidlula uluhlu oluqhelekileyo (umz., ixesha lokuma emgceni wezibuko lingaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24 kunoluqikelelweyo), kufuneka kuqaliswe isilumkiso kwangoko, kwaye kufuneka kudluliselwe izisombululo ezifanelekileyo ngaxeshanye, njengokuthi kufuneka kutshintshwe na izibuko okanye kulungiswe iindlela zothutho. Le ndlela "yokwazisa kwangaphambili kunye nokuphendula kwangaphambili" iguqula ukulinda okungenamsebenzi kube lulawulo olusebenzayo, inciphisa impembelelo yokulibaziseka.

Imfihlo Yesithathu: Misela Indlela Yokunxibelelana "Eneendlela Ezimbini Zokuthembana" Ukuze Uphucule Ukusebenza Kokusombulula Iingxaki

Iziganeko ezingalindelekanga azinakuphepheka kwi-logistics nakwi-transportation. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lubaluleke ngakumbi kunezivumelwano zangaphambili ekusombululeni iingxaki. Iingxabano ezininzi phakathi kwabathengi nababoneleli be-logistics zivela kunxibelelwano olubi—nokuba kukulibaziseka kokudluliselwa kolwazi okanye ukutyholana. Ukuseka indlela yonxibelelwano "yokuthembana okumacala omabini, intsebenziswano esebenzayo" kuvumela omabini amaqela ukuba asebenzisane endaweni yokujongana xa ejongene neengxaki.

Okokuqala, chaza ngokucacileyo umntu onoxanduva lonxibelelwano kunye nokuphindaphindwa konxibelelwano. Kwizigaba zokuqala zentsebenziswano, omabini amaqela kufuneka akhethe umntu oza kunxibelelana naye ukuze kuthintelwe isiphithiphithi solwazi esibangelwa lunxibelelwano oluninzi. Kwii-odolo eziqhelekileyo, kunokuvunyelwana ukuba kuhambelane inkqubela phambili yezothutho imihla ngemihla, ngelixa ii-odolo ezikhethekileyo (ezifana neempahla ezingxamisekileyo okanye ezixabisa kakhulu) zifuna unxibelelwano lwangempela ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga zidluliselwa kwangoko kubantu abenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo. Umntu oqhagamshelana naye kufuneka akhethwe ngokusekelwe kubungcali, ukuqhelana neenkqubo zothutho kunye nemithetho yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokukwazi ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza uhlobo lweengxaki kunye nokubonelela ngezisombululo zokuqala.

Okwesibini, kubalulekile ukufunda "ukuzifaka ezihlangwini zomboneleli wezothutho" nokuqonda imida yabo enenjongo. Umzekelo, indawo encinci yokugcina impahla kunye neendleko zokunyuka kwempahla ziqhelekile ngexesha lexesha ...

Okokugqibela, kufuneka kusekwe indlela "yokujonga ingxaki". Emva kwengxaki nganye yothutho, nokuba ngubani onetyala, kufuneka kubanjwe intlanganiso yokuxoxa ngeengxaki kunye nomboneleli wezothutho ukuze kuhlalutywe unobangela wengxaki, ukusilela kwinkqubo yokusombulula, kunye namanyathelo okuphucula alandelayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukulibaziseka kubangelwa ngamaxwebhu angachanekanga okubhengezwa kwerhafu, iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zokuhlolwa kwamaxwebhu kufuneka zicaciswe; ukuba ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kubangelwa yimozulu, izicwangciso zeemeko ezingxamisekileyo zemozulu embi kufuneka ziphuhliswe. Ngokuqhubeka nokuxoxa kunye nokwenza ngcono izinto, iingxaki zentsebenziswano ziya kuncipha, kwaye uzinzo lwezothutho luya kwanda.

Isiphelo: Izinto ezizinzileyo zokuqala zivela kulawulo "olucothayo"

Kubathengi nabasasazi behlabathi, uthungelwano oluzinzileyo lokuqala aluyonjongo ingenakufikelelwa, kwaye alufuni utyalo-mali olubizayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Ingongoma yezi mfihlo zintathu ezingezizo ezobuchwepheshe—ukwakha inethiwekhi yentsebenziswano enamandla, ukulawula iinkcukacha zekhonkco lonke lonikezelo, kunye nokuseka indlela yonxibelelwano esebenzayo—ngokuyintloko “kukulawula ngononophelo”—ukukhetha amaqabane ngeliso lobuchwephesha, ukunciphisa iingozi ngokucinga ngononophelo, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano ngesimo sengqondo sokuqonda.