Kodi ma phukusi otumizira katundu ayenera kukhala otetezedwa ku chinyezi?

Kodi ma phukusi otumizira katundu ayenera kukhala otetezedwa ku chinyezi?

1. Kufunika kwa ma phukusi otumizira zinthu zoteteza chinyezi

1.1 Makhalidwe a malo otumizira katundu
Malo otumizira katundu ali ndi makhalidwe apadera, omwe amachititsa kuti katunduyo azitha kukhudzidwa ndi chinyezi kwambiri panthawi yonyamula katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo ziwonongeke.
Chinyezi chambiri: Chinyezi cha mpweya panyanja ndi chambiri kwambiri, ndipo chinyezi chapakati chimakhala choposa 70%, makamaka m'madzi otentha komanso otentha, komwe chinyezicho chimakhala pafupi ndi kukhuta. Chinyezi chambirichi chidzapangitsa kuti katunduyo atenge chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zopakira zikhale zonyowa komanso zowuma, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa katunduyo.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha: Pakutumiza katundu, kutentha kudzasiyana pakati pa usana ndi usiku komanso kusintha kwa kutentha m'madera osiyanasiyana a m'nyanja. Kutentha komwe kuli mu chidebe kukatsika, nthunzi ya madzi mumlengalenga idzasungunuka kukhala madontho a madzi ndikumamatira ku katundu ndi mapaketi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha chinyezi chikhalepo.
Kusefukira kwa mchere: Madzi a m'nyanja ali ndi mchere wambiri, ndipo mchere umalowa m'chidebecho ndi mphepo ya m'nyanja n'kumamatira pamwamba pa katunduyo. Mchere ndi wosalala ndipo umayamwa chinyezi mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katunduyo akhale wonyowa, komanso umawononga ma CD achitsulo ndi katunduyo.
Makhalidwe a katundu: Katundu wambiri ndi wofanana ndi hygroscopic, monga mapepala, nsalu, zikopa, ndi zina zotero. Katunduyu amatha kuyamwa chinyezi m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhungu komanso kuwonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, pepala limakhala ndi hygroscopicity yamphamvu, ndipo chinyezi chake chimatha kuwonjezeka ndi kupitirira 5% mkati mwa maola 24 m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi cha 70%.
Makhalidwe amenewa a malo otumizira katundu akusonyeza kuti ma CD otumizira katundu ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zotetezera chinyezi kuti katunduyo akhale otetezeka komanso abwino panthawi yonyamula katunduyo.

2. Njira zotetezera chinyezi pakunyamula katundu

2.1 Kusankha zipangizo zopakira
Kusankha zinthu zoyenera zopakira ndiye chinsinsi cha chitetezo cha chinyezi potumiza. Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zopakira zimakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotetezera chinyezi. Izi ndi zinthu zingapo zodziwika bwino zopakira zomwe sizimawononga chinyezi komanso makhalidwe ake:
Filimu ya pulasitiki: Filimu ya pulasitiki ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zothira madzi komanso zoletsa chinyezi, ndipo imatha kuletsa chinyezi chakunja kulowa. Mwachitsanzo, chinyezi cholowa mu filimu ya polyethylene ndi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo chinyezi cholowa mu filimuyi ndi magalamu 0.05 okha pa mita imodzi patsiku, zomwe zingapereke chitetezo chabwino choteteza chinyezi ku katundu.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu: Zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zoteteza chinyezi komanso zotchinga. Mphamvu yake yoteteza chinyezi ndi yokwera kangapo kuposa ya filimu wamba ya pulasitiki, ndipo ndi yoyenera kulongedza katundu wokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zoteteza chinyezi.
Kadibodi yosanyowa: Kadibodi yosanyowa imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osanyowa pogwiritsa ntchito kadibodi wamba, zomwe zingalepheretse kulowa kwa chinyezi. Kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepera 50% kuposa kadibodi wamba, ndipo ndi koyenera kulongedza zinthu zina zopepuka komanso zosanyowa.
Mapaketi amatabwa: Ngakhale kuti mapaketi amatabwa okha ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, pambuyo pokonza zinthu zoteteza chinyezi, monga kupaka utoto wosanyowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yosanyowa, magwiridwe ake osanyowa amatha kuwongoleredwa kwambiri. Kuyamwa chinyezi kwa mapaketi amatabwa okonzedwa kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 70% pamalo okhala ndi chinyezi cha 80%.

2.2 Ukadaulo wopaka ma CD wosanyowa
Kuwonjezera pa kusankha zipangizo zoyenera zopakira, ndikofunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wogwira mtima wopakira womwe sunanyowe. Nazi njira zina zodziwika bwino zopakira zomwe sizinanyowe:
Kupaka vacuum: Kupaka vacuum kumateteza bwino chinyezi ndi okosijeni wa katundu mwa kutulutsa mpweya womwe uli mu phukusi ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kupaka vacuum kumatha kuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito katunduyo ndi nthawi 3-5.
Kupaka Zinthu Zopumira: Kupaka Zinthu Zopumira ndi kudzaza zinthuzo ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito (monga nayitrogeni) kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mpweya womwe uli m'mapaketi ndikuchepetsa mpweya ndi chinyezi. Njira yopaka zinthuzi imatha kuletsa katunduyo kuti asanyowe komanso asawonongeke, ndipo ndi yoyenera zinthu zomwe sizimanyowa kwambiri monga chakudya ndi zinthu zamagetsi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Desiccant: Kuyika desiccant mu phukusi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yotetezera chinyezi. Desiccant imatha kuyamwa chinyezi mu phukusi ndikusunga malo ouma mu phukusi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimayamwa mu silica gel desiccant kumatha kufika pa 30%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimayamwa mu calcium chloride desiccant kumatha kufika pa 100%.
Chophimba chosanyowa: Kuyika chophimba chosanyowa pamwamba pa katundu kapena pamwamba pa zinthu zopakira kungapangitse filimu yoteteza kuti isalowe bwino chinyezi. Kukhuthala kwa chophimba chosanyowa nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.1-0.5 mm, ndipo mphamvu yake yosanyowa imatha kukhala miyezi ingapo.
Ma CD otsekedwa: Ma CD otsekedwa amatha kuletsa chinyezi chakunja kulowa mkati mwa phukusi. Ma CD otsekedwa akamatsekedwa bwino, chinyezi chimakhala cholimba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ma CD otsekedwa ndi tepi yotsekedwa kapena ukadaulo wotseka kutentha amakhala ndi mphamvu yoposa 80% kuposa ma CD wamba.

3. Zofunikira pakulongedza zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zisanyowe ndi chinyezi

3.1 Katundu wosavuta kunyowa
Katundu wosavuta kunyowa ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakulongedza zinthu zomwe sizinganyowetsedwe ndi chinyezi panthawi yoyenda panyanja. Izi ndi zofunikira pakulongedza zinthu zomwe sizinganyowetsedwe ndi chinyezi komanso zitsanzo za zinthu zingapo zomwe zimanyowa ndi chinyezi:
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi mapepala: Mapepala ali ndi hygroscopicity yamphamvu. Mu malo okhala ndi chinyezi cha 70%, kuchuluka kwa madzi ake kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi kupitirira 5% mkati mwa maola 24. Chifukwa chake, kulongedza kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mapepala kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera chinyezi zamitundu yambiri. Choyamba, makatoni osanyowa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati phukusi lakunja, ndipo hygroscopicity yake ndi yochepera 50% kuposa ya makatoni wamba; chachiwiri, silica gel desiccant imayikidwa mu phukusi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa chinyezi kumatha kufika kupitirira 30% kuti kuyamwa chinyezi chochulukirapo mu phukusi; pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsekeredwa ndi tepi yotsekeredwa kungathandize kuti ntchito yoteteza chinyezi ikhale yoposa 80% poyerekeza ndi kulongedza wamba. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yosindikiza idagwiritsa ntchito njira zolongedza zomwe zili pamwambapa zotetezera chinyezi potumiza mapepala panyanja. Pepala silinanyowe komanso silinaume panthawi yonyamulidwa, ndipo nthawi yosungiramo zinthu inakulitsidwa ndi miyezi iwiri.
Nsalu: Nsalu zimayamwa mosavuta chinyezi pamalo omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhungu, kusintha mtundu wake komanso mphamvu zake zichepe. Pakuyika nsalu, filimu ya pulasitiki ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zoyikamo zinthu zakunja. Kulowa kwa chinyezi mu filimu ya polyethylene ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo kulowa kwa chinyezi ndi magalamu 0.05 okha pa mita imodzi patsiku, zomwe zingalepheretse kulowa kwa chinyezi chakunja; nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka koyenera kwa calcium chloride desiccant kumayikidwa mu phukusi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa chinyezi kumatha kufika 100% kuti malo ouma azikhala mu phukusi; kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo woyikamo zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito vacuum umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mpweya mu phukusi ndikuchepetsa kukhalapo kwa chinyezi, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa nthawi yosungira nsalu ndi nthawi 3-5. Kampani ina yotumiza zovala kunja itagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyikamo zinthu izi, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi pa nsalu panthawi yoyendera panyanja kunachepetsedwa ndi 90%.
Zinthu za chikopa: Zinthu za chikopa n'zosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi pamalo ozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chivundikirocho chisinthe, chikhale chofewa komanso chiwonongeke. Mapaketi a zinthu za chikopa ayenera kusankha zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zoteteza chinyezi, monga zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza chinyezi kangapo kuposa mafilimu wamba apulasitiki; ikani kuchuluka koyenera kwa silica gel desiccant mu phukusi kuti muyamwa chinyezi mu phukusi; nthawi yomweyo, gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wotseka kuti muwonetsetse kuti phukusilo latsekedwa. Kampani ina ya zinthu zachikopa itagwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera chinyezi izi, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachikopa panthawi yoyenda panyanja kunachepetsedwa ndi 85%.

3.2 Katundu wamtengo wapatali
Mtengo wa katundu wamtengo wapatali ndi wokwera, ndipo zofunikira pakulongedza zinthu zosanyowa ndi zokhwima kwambiri. Izi ndi zofunika pakulongedza zinthu zosanyowa ndi zitsanzo za zinthu zingapo zamtengo wapatali zodziwika bwino:
Zinthu zamagetsi: Zinthu zamagetsi zimafunika kwambiri kuti ziteteze chinyezi. Malo okhala ndi chinyezi angayambitse mavuto monga ma circuit short circuit ndi kuwonongeka kwa zigawo. Ma electronic products ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera chinyezi za multilayer. Choyamba, carbon cardboard yoteteza chinyezi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma clocking akunja, ndipo hygroscopicity yake ndi yochepera 50% kuposa ya cardboard wamba; chachiwiri, ikani silika gel desiccant yoyenera mu thumba, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa chinyezi kumatha kufika kupitirira 30% kuti kuyamwa chinyezi chochulukirapo mu thumba; pomaliza, gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wopaka mpweya wopumira kuti mudzaze thumba ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito (monga nayitrogeni) kuti mulowetse mpweya mu thumba, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi, ndikuletsa bwino zinthu zamagetsi kuti zisanyowe ndi kusungunuka. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yamagetsi ikatumiza zinthu zamagetsi panyanja, idagwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera chinyezi zomwe zili pamwambapa. Zinthu zamagetsi sizinawonongeke ndi chinyezi panthawi yoyendera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kunachepetsedwa ndi 95%.
Zipangizo zolondola: Zipangizo zolondola zimakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri komanso zofunikira kwambiri pakuteteza chinyezi. Malo okhala ndi chinyezi angayambitse mavuto monga kuchepa kwa kulondola kwa zida komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo. Kuyika zida zolondola kuyenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino poteteza chinyezi, monga zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yoteteza chinyezi kangapo kuposa mafilimu wamba apulasitiki; kuyika kuchuluka koyenera kwa calcium chloride desiccant mu phukusi, komwe kuchuluka kwake kwa chinyezi kumatha kufika 100%, kuti malo ouma azikhala ouma mu phukusi; nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotseka ndi tepi yotsekera kungathandize kuti ntchito yotseka chinyezi ikhale yolimba ndi zoposa 80% poyerekeza ndi ma phukusi wamba. Bungwe lofufuza zasayansi linagwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera chinyezi izi potumiza zida zolondola panyanja. Zipangizozo sizinawonongeke ndi chinyezi panthawi yoyendera, ndipo kulondola kwake kunakhalabe kokhazikika.
Zojambulajambula: Zojambulajambula ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri kuti zisanyowe. Malo okhala ndi chinyezi angayambitse mavuto monga nkhungu, kusintha mtundu, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zojambula. Mapaketi a zojambula ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kuti zisanyowe, monga makatoni osanyowa, omwe ali ndi chiŵerengero choyamwa chinyezi chomwe chili chochepera 50% kuposa cha makatoni wamba; kuyika kuchuluka koyenera kwa silica gel desiccant mu paketi, komwe chiŵerengero chake cha kuyamwa chinyezi chingafikire kupitirira 30% kuti chinyowe chinyezi mu paketi; nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopaka vacuum kutulutsa mpweya mu paketi ndikuchepetsa kukhalapo kwa chinyezi kumatha kukulitsa nthawi yosungiramo zojambula ndi nthawi 3-5. Pamene bungwe la zaluso linkanyamula zojambula panyanja, njira zopaka izi zoteteza chinyezi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zojambulajambula sizinawonongeke ndi chinyezi panthawi yonyamulidwa ndipo zinasungidwa bwino.

4. Chidule
Njira zotetezera chinyezi pakunyamula katundu panyanja ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti katundu azitetezedwa komanso azioneka bwino akamanyamula katundu. Chinyezi chambiri, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha, kukokoloka kwa mchere komanso kusawoneka bwino kwa katunduyo m'malo oyendera zinthu panyanja zapangitsa kuti katunduyo akhudzidwe mosavuta ndi chinyezi panthawi yonyamula katundu panyanja, zomwe zinayambitsa mavuto angapo monga kuwonongeka, nkhungu ndi kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, kutenga njira zogwira mtima zotetezera chinyezi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakunyamula katundu panyanja.
Ponena za kusankha zipangizo zomangira, zinthu monga filimu ya pulasitiki, zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, makatoni osanyowa ndi ma CD a matabwa osanyowa zimatha kuletsa kulowa kwa chinyezi chakunja ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zabwino zoteteza chinyezi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu filimu ya polyethylene ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumafika magalamu 0.05 pa mita imodzi patsiku; mphamvu yoteteza chinyezi mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi yokwera kangapo kuposa ya filimu wamba ya pulasitiki; kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu katoni kosanyowa ndi kotsika kuposa 50% kuposa kwa katoni wamba; ndipo kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu ma CD osanyowa mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi matabwa osanyowa kungachepetsedwe ndi 70% m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi cha 80%. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthuzi kumapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira zinthu zosanyowa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopaka utoto wosanyowa ndikofunikanso kwambiri. Kupaka utoto wosanyowa kumatha kukulitsa nthawi yosungira katundu ndi nthawi 3-5 pochepetsa mpweya ndi chinyezi mu phukusi; kupaka utoto wopumira kumatha kuletsa chinyezi ndi okosijeni wa katundu podzaza mpweya wosalowa kuti achepetse mpweya ndi chinyezi; kugwiritsa ntchito desiccant kumatha kuyamwa chinyezi mu phukusi ndikusunga malo ouma. Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa chinyezi kwa silica gel desiccant kumatha kufika pa 30%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa chinyezi kwa calcium chloride desiccant kumatha kufika 100%; chophimba chosanyowa chimatseka bwino kulowa kwa chinyezi popanga filimu yoteteza; ukadaulo wopaka utoto wotsekedwa umathandizira kwambiri kukana chinyezi mwa kukonza magwiridwe antchito otseka. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulowu pamodzi kumawonjezeranso mphamvu yokana chinyezi ya kupaka utoto wa m'nyanja.
Zofunikira pakulongedza zinthu zosanyowa ndi zosiyana pa katundu wosiyanasiyana. Katundu amene amakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi, monga mapepala, nsalu ndi zinthu zachikopa, komanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga zinthu zamagetsi, zida zolondola ndi zaluso, zonse ziyenera kutsatira njira zolongedza zinthu zosanyowa malinga ndi makhalidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, mapepala ndi zinthu za pepala zitagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zinthu zosanyowa, nthawi yosungiramo zinthu imawonjezeka ndi miyezi iwiri; nsalu zitagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zinthu zosanyowa, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi kumachepetsedwa ndi 90%; zinthu zachikopa zitagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zinthu zosanyowa, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumachepetsedwa ndi 85%; zinthu zamagetsi zitagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zinthu zosanyowa, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumachepetsedwa ndi 95%; zipangizo zolondola zitagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zinthu zosanyowa, kulondola kumakhalabe kokhazikika; zinthu zaluso zitagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zinthu zosanyowa, zimasungidwa bwino. Zitsanzo izi zimatsimikizira mokwanira kuti njira zowongolera zinthu zosanyowa ndi zofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidule, ma CD onyamula katundu panyanja ayenera kukhala otetezedwa ku chinyezi, ndipo njira zonse zotetezera chinyezi ziyenera kutengedwa, kuphatikizapo kusankha zipangizo zoyenera zonyamula katundu, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wogwira mtima woteteza chinyezi, komanso kuchita njira zotetezera chinyezi malinga ndi mawonekedwe a katunduyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi pa katundu panthawi yonyamula katundu panyanja, kuonetsetsa kuti katunduyo ndi wotetezeka komanso wabwino, kuchepetsa kutayika kwachuma, ndikusunga mbiri ndi chithunzi cha msika wa bizinesiyo.