Ngaba ukupakisha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kufuneka kukhuseleke kumswakama?

Ngaba ukupakisha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kufuneka kukhuseleke kumswakama?

1. Imfuneko yokupakisha ukuthunyelwa kokukhusela ukufuma

1.1 Iimpawu zemeko yokuthunyelwa kwempahla
Indawo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ineempawu ezizodwa, ezenza iimpahla zibe sengozini enkulu yokufuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekonakaleni.
Umswakama ophezulu: Umswakama womoya elwandle uphezulu kakhulu, kunye nomswakama oqhelekileyo ongaphezulu kwama-70%, ngakumbi kumanzi ashushu naphantsi kolwandle, apho umswakama usondele ekugcwaleni. Le meko ishushu kakhulu iya kubangela ukuba iimpahla zifunxe umswakama omninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto zokupakisha zibe manzi kwaye zibole, nto leyo echaphazela umgangatho weempahla.
Umahluko omkhulu kubushushu: Ngexesha lokuthunyelwa, iimpahla ziya kufumana umahluko kubushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku kunye notshintsho kubushushu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolwandle. Xa ubushushu obukwisikhongozeli buhla, umphunga wamanzi emoyeni uya kujika ube ngamathontsi amanzi aze anamathele kwiimpahla kunye nokupakishwa, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko wokufuma kwiimpahla.
Ukukhukuliseka kwe-Salt spray: Amanzi olwandle anetyuwa eninzi, kwaye i-salt spray iya kungena kwisikhongozeli kunye nomoya wolwandle ize inamathele kumphezulu wempahla. Ityuwa ayixutyisi kwaye iya kufunxa ngakumbi umswakama emoyeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba impahla ifume, kwaye iya kutshabalalisa ukupakisha kwesinyithi kunye neempahla.
Iimpawu zomthwalo: Iimpahla ezininzi zi-hygroscopic, njengephepha, amalaphu, ulusu, njl. Ezi mpahla zinokuthi zifunxe umswakama kwindawo enomswakama ophezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukungunda kunye nokonakala. Umzekelo, iphepha linomswakama oqinileyo, kwaye umxholo walo womswakama unokunyuka ngaphezulu kwe-5% kwiiyure ezingama-24 kwindawo enomswakama we-70%.
Ezi mpawu zemeko yokuthunyelwa kwempahla zibonisa ukuba ukupakisha impahla kufuneka kube neempawu ezilungileyo zokumelana nokufuma ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wempahla ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwayo.

2. Iindlela zokukhusela ukufuma xa kupakishwa ukuthunyelwa

2.1 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokupakisha
Ukukhetha izinto zokupakisha ezifanelekileyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ukufuma ekuthunyelweni. Izinto zokupakisha ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zokumelana nokufuma. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zezinto zokupakisha eziqhelekileyo ezithintela ukufuma kunye neempawu zazo:
Ifilimu yeplastiki: Ifilimu yeplastiki ineempawu ezilungileyo zokungangeni manzi kunye nokumelana nokufuma, kwaye inokuthintela ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama wangaphandle. Umzekelo, ukungena komswakama kwefilimu ye-polyethylene kuphantsi kakhulu, kunye nokuphuma komswakama kwe-0.05 grams kuphela ngemitha yesikwere ngosuku, oku kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluhle lokumelana nokufuma kwimithwalo.
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zefoyile ye-aluminiyam: Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zefoyile ye-aluminiyam zizinto ezidityanisiweyo zefoyile ye-aluminiyam nezinye izinto, zineempawu ezintle zokumelana nokufuma kunye nezithintelo. Isiphumo sayo sokumelana nokufuma siphezulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunesefilimu eqhelekileyo yeplastiki, kwaye ifanelekile ukupakisha iimpahla ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokumelana nokufuma.
Ikhadibhodi engafumiyo: Ikhadibhodi engafumiyo iphathwa ngonyango olungafumiyo ngokusekelwe kwikhadibhodi eqhelekileyo, enokuthintela ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama. Ubungakanani bayo obungenamanzi bungaphantsi ngama-50% kunobo bekhadibhodi eqhelekileyo, kwaye ifanelekile ukupakisha ezinye izinto ezikhaphukhaphu nezingenamanzi.
Ukupakishwa komthi: Nangona ukupakishwa komthi ngokwako kunomlinganiselo othile we-hygroscopicity, emva kokunyangwa kokungafumi, njengokugquma ngepeyinti engafumiyo okanye ukusebenzisa ifilimu engafumiyo, ukusebenza kwayo okungafumiyo kunokuphuculwa kakhulu. Ukufunxwa kokufuma kokupakishwa komthi okucociweyo kunokunciphisa ngama-70% kwindawo enomswakama wama-80%.

2.2 Itekhnoloji yokupakisha engafumiyo
Ukongeza ekukhetheni izixhobo zokupakisha ezifanelekileyo, kubalulekile nokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokupakisha ephumelelayo ethintela ukufuma. Nazi ezinye zeendlela zokupakisha ezixhaphakileyo ezithintela ukufuma:
Ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum: Ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukufuma kunye ne-oxidation yeempahla ngokukhupha umoya kwiphakheji kunye nokunciphisa ubukho be-oksijini kunye nokufuma. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum kunokwandisa ubomi beshelufu yeempahla ngokuphindwe ka-3-5.
Ukupakisha okufuthayo: Ukupakisha okufuthayo kukugcwalisa ukupakisha ngegesi engangeniyo (njenge-nitrogen) ukuze kuthathe indawo yomoya okwiphakheji kwaye kuncitshiswe umxholo weoksijini kunye nokufuma. Le ndlela yokupakisha inokuthintela ngempumelelo iimpahla ekubeni zifume kwaye zingcoliswe, kwaye ifanelekile kwiimpahla ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokumelana nokufuma ezifana nokutya kunye neemveliso ze-elektroniki.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-desiccant: Ukubeka i-desiccant kwiphakheji yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa ukufuma. I-desiccant inokufunxa ukufuma kwiphakheji kwaye igcine imeko-bume eyomileyo kwiphakheji. Umzekelo, izinga lokufunxa ukufuma kwi-silica gel desiccant linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-30%, kwaye izinga lokufunxa ukufuma kwi-calcium chloride desiccant linokufikelela kwi-100%.
Ukwaleka okungenakufuma: Ukusebenzisa ukwaleka okungenakufuma kumphezulu weempahla okanye kumphezulu wezinto zokupakisha kunokwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukungena komswakama. Ubukhulu bokwaleka okungenakufuma ngokubanzi yi-0.1-0.5 mm, kwaye isiphumo sako sokungafuma sinokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi.
Ukupakisha okuvaliweyo: Ukupakisha okuvaliweyo kunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukufuma kwangaphandle ukuba kungangeni ngaphakathi kwiphakheji. Okukhona ukusebenza kokutywina kwephakheji evaliweyo kubhetele, kokukhona isiphumo sokunganyamezeli ukufuma sibaluleke ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kokunganyamezeli ukufuma kwephakheji evaliwe ngeteyipu yokutywina okanye iteknoloji yokutywina ubushushu kungaphezulu kwama-80% kunokokupakisha okuqhelekileyo.

3. Iimfuno zokupakisha ezingangeni kumswakama kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo

3.1 Iimpahla ezifumileyo
Iimpahla ezifunxa ukufuma zinemfuneko engqongqo ngakumbi yokupakisha ezifunxa ukufuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa elwandle. Ezi zilandelayo ziimfuneko zokupakisha ezifunxa ukufuma kunye nemizekelo yeempahla ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezifunxa ukufuma:
Iimveliso zephepha nephepha: Iphepha linomswakama oqinileyo. Kwindawo enomswakama we-70%, umxholo walo wamanzi unokunyuka ngaphezulu kwe-5% kwiiyure ezingama-24. Ke ngoko, ukupakishwa kweemveliso zephepha nephepha kufuneka kuthathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma aneengqimba ezininzi. Okokuqala, ikhadibhodi engafumiyo ingasetyenziswa njengephakheji yangaphandle, kwaye umswakama wayo ungaphantsi ngaphezu kwe-50% kunekhadibhodi eqhelekileyo; okwesibini, i-silica gel desiccant ifakwa kwiphakheji, kwaye izinga layo lokufunxa ukufuma linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-30% ukufunxa ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwiphakheji; ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokupakisha evaliweyo kunye neteyipu yokutywina ukutywina kunokuphucula ukusebenza kokumelana nokufuma ngaphezulu kwe-80% xa kuthelekiswa nokupakishwa okuqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, inkampani yokushicilela yamkele la manyathelo okupakisha angasentla angafumiyo xa ithumela iphepha ngolwandle. Iphepha alizange lifume kwaye libole ngexesha lokuthuthwa, kwaye ubomi beshelufu bandiswa ngeenyanga ezi-2.
Impahla: Impahla ifunxa lula umswakama kwindawo enomswakama ophezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukungunda, ukutshintsha kombala kunye nokuncipha kwamandla. Kwiphakheji yempahla, ifilimu yeplastiki ingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokupakisha zangaphandle. Ukungena komswakama kwifilimu ye-polyethylene kuphantsi kakhulu, kunye nokungena komswakama kwe-0.05 grams kuphela ngemitha yesikwere ngosuku, okunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama wangaphandle; kwangaxeshanye, isixa esifanelekileyo se-calcium chloride desiccant sifakwa kwiphakheji, kwaye izinga layo lokufunxa umswakama linokufikelela kwi-100% ukugcina imeko-bume eyomileyo kwiphakheji; ukongeza, iteknoloji yokupakisha nge-vacuum isetyenziselwa ukukhupha umoya kwiphakheji kunye nokunciphisa ubukho bomswakama, obunokwandisa ubomi beshelufu yempahla ngamaxesha ama-3-5. Emva kokuba inkampani ethile yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe yamkele la manyathelo okupakisha angangenisi umswakama, izinga lomonakalo womswakama kwimpahla ngexesha lokuthuthwa elwandle lancitshiswa ngama-90%.
Iimveliso zesikhumba: Iimveliso zesikhumba kulula ukufunxa umswakama kwindawo efumileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuguquka, ukungunda kunye nokonakala. Ukupakisha imveliso yesikhumba kufuneka kukhethe izinto ezineempawu ezilungileyo zokumelana nomswakama, ezifana nezinto ezidityanisiweyo zefoyile ye-aluminium, ezinefuthe lokumelana nomswakama izihlandlo ezininzi kuneefilimu zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo; faka isixa esifanelekileyo se-silica gel desiccant kwiphakheji ukuze kufunxe umswakama kwiphakheji; kwangaxeshanye, sebenzisa iteknoloji yokupakisha evaliweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwephakheji. Emva kokuba inkampani ethile yemveliso yesikhumba yamkele la manyathelo okupakisha angangenisi umswakama, izinga lomonakalo weemveliso zesikhumba ngexesha lokuthuthwa elwandle lancitshiswa ngama-85%.

3.2 Iimpahla ezixabisekileyo
Ixabiso leempahla ezixabisekileyo liphezulu, kwaye iimfuno zokupakisha ezingangeni kumswakama zingqongqo ngakumbi. Ezi zilandelayo ziimfuno zokupakisha ezingangeni kumswakama kunye nemizekelo yeempahla ezininzi ezixabisekileyo eziqhelekileyo:
Iimveliso ze-elektroniki: Iimveliso ze-elektroniki zinemfuno ephezulu kakhulu yokuthintela ukufuma. Indawo efumileyo inokubangela iingxaki ezifana neesekethe ezimfutshane zesekethe kunye nomonakalo wezinto. Ukupakisha kweemveliso ze-elektroniki kufuneka kuthathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma aneeleya ezininzi. Okokuqala, ikhadibhodi ekhusela ukufuma ingasetyenziswa njengephakheji yangaphandle, kwaye i-hygroscopicity yayo ingaphantsi kwama-50% kunekhadibhodi eqhelekileyo; okwesibini, beka ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-silica gel desiccant kwiphakheji, kwaye izinga layo lokufunxa ukufuma linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-30% ukufunxa ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwiphakheji; ekugqibeleni, sebenzisa iteknoloji yokupakisha evuthelwayo ukuzalisa iphakheji ngegesi engasebenziyo (efana ne-nitrogen) ukuze ithathe indawo yomoya kwiphakheji, inciphise umxholo we-oksijini kunye nokufuma, kwaye ithintele ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso ze-elektroniki ekubeni zifume kwaye zingcoliswe. Umzekelo, xa inkampani ye-elektroniki ithumela iimveliso ze-elektroniki ngolwandle, yamkela la manyathelo okupakisha angentla okukhusela ukufuma. Iimveliso ze-elektroniki azizange zonakaliswe kukufuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa, kwaye izinga lomonakalo lancitshiswa ngama-95%.
Izixhobo ezichanekileyo: Izixhobo ezichanekileyo zinemiqathango echanekileyo nengqongqo yokuthintela ukufuma. Indawo efumileyo inokubangela iingxaki ezifana nokuchaneka kwezixhobo kunye nomonakalo kwiindawo ezithile. Ukupakisha izixhobo ezichanekileyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngezinto ezisebenza kakuhle ezithintela ukufuma, ezifana nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zefoyile ye-aluminium, ezinefuthe elikhusela ukufuma ngokuphindwe kaninzi kuneefilimu zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo; ukubeka isixa esifanelekileyo se-calcium chloride desiccant kwiphakheji, apho izinga lokufunxa ukufuma linokufikelela kwi-100%, ukugcina indawo eyomileyo kwiphakheji; kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokupakisha evaliweyo kunye neteyipu yokutywina ukuvala kunokuphucula ukusebenza okuchasene nokufuma ngaphezulu kwe-80% xa kuthelekiswa nokupakisha okuqhelekileyo. Iziko lophando lwezenzululwazi lamkele la manyathelo okupakisha akhusela ukufuma xa kuthunyelwa izixhobo ezichanekileyo elwandle. Izixhobo azizange zonakaliswe kukufuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa, kwaye ukuchaneka kwahlala kuzinzile.
Imisebenzi Yobugcisa: Imisebenzi yobugcisa ixabiseke kakhulu kwaye ineemfuneko ezingqongqo zokumelana nokufuma. Indawo enomswakama inokubangela iingxaki ezifana nokungunda, ukutshintsha kombala, kunye nokonakala kwemisebenzi yobugcisa. Ukupakisha imisebenzi yobugcisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngezinto ezisebenza kakuhle ezimelana nokufuma, njengekhadibhodi engamelana nokufuma, enezinga lokufunxa ukufuma elingaphezulu kwama-50% kunekhadibhodi eqhelekileyo; ukubeka ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-silica gel desiccant kwiphakheji, enezinga lokufunxa ukufuma elinokufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-30% ukufunxa ukufuma kwiphakheji; kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokupakisha nge-vacuum ukukhupha umoya kwiphakheji kunye nokunciphisa ubukho bokufuma kunokwandisa ubomi beshelufu bemisebenzi yobugcisa ngamaxesha ama-3-5. Xa iziko lobugcisa lithutha imisebenzi yobugcisa ngolwandle, la manyathelo okupakisha angamelana nokufuma asetyenziswa. Imisebenzi yobugcisa ayizange yonakale kukufuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwaye yayigcinwe kakuhle.

4. Isishwankathelo
Amanyathelo okumelana nokufuma xa kupakishwa ukuthutha ngolwandle abalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho weempahla ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Ukufuma okuphezulu, umahluko omkhulu kubushushu, ukukhukuliseka kwetyuwa kunye nokuguquguquka kweempahla kwindawo yokuthuthwa ngolwandle kubangele ukuba iimpahla zichaphazeleke lula kukufuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa ngolwandle, nto leyo ebangele uthotho lweengxaki ezinje ngomonakalo, ukungunda kunye nokuwohloka. Ke ngoko, ukuthatha amanyathelo okumelana nokufuma asebenzayo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokupakishwa kokuthutha ngolwandle.
Ngokuphathelele ukhetho lwezinto zokupakisha, izinto ezifana nefilimu yeplastiki, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zefoyile ye-aluminium, ikhadibhodi engangeni kumswakama kunye nokupakisha okwenziwe ngomthi onganyangekiyo kunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama wangaphandle kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wokonakala komswakama kwiimpahla ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezilungileyo zokumelana nokufuma. Umzekelo, ukungena komswakama kwefilimu ye-polyethylene kuphantsi kakhulu, kunye nokuphuma komswakama kwe-0.05 grams kuphela ngemitha yesikwere ngosuku; isiphumo sokumelana nokufuma sezinto ezidityanisiweyo zefoyile ye-aluminium siphezulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunefilimu eqhelekileyo yeplastiki; ukufunxwa komswakama kwekhadibhodi engangeni kumswakama kungaphantsi kwama-50% kunekhadibhodi eqhelekileyo; kwaye ukufunxwa komswakama kwepakethe eyenziwe ngomthi enganyangekiyo kunokunciphisa ngama-70% kwindawo enomswakama wama-80%. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi zinto kubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha ezinganyangekiyo kumswakama kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokupakisha engangeni manzi nako kuyimfuneko. Ukupakisha nge-vacuum kunokwandisa ubomi beshelufu yeempahla ngokuphindwe ka-3-5 ngokunciphisa umoya kunye nokufuma kwiphakheji; ukupakisha okufuthwayo kunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukufuma kunye ne-oxidation yeempahla ngokuzalisa igesi engasebenziyo ukunciphisa ioksijini kunye nomxholo wokufuma; ukusetyenziswa kwe-desiccant kunokufunxa ukufuma kwiphakheji kwaye kugcine imeko-bume eyomileyo. Izinga lokufunxa ukufuma le-silica gel desiccant linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-30%, kwaye izinga lokufunxa ukufuma le-calcium chloride desiccant linokufikelela kwi-100%; ukugqoka okungangeni manzi kuthintela ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama ngokwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo; itekhnoloji yokupakisha evaliweyo iphucula kakhulu isiphumo sokumelana nokufuma ngokuphucula ukusebenza kokuvala. Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwezi tekhnoloji kuphucula ngakumbi amandla okumelana nokufuma kwiphakheji yolwandle.
Iimfuneko zokupakisha ezingangeni kumswakama nazo zahlukile kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo. Iimpahla ezichaphazeleka kumswakama, njengephepha, amalaphu kunye neemveliso zesikhumba, kunye neempahla ezixabisekileyo ezifana neemveliso ze-elektroniki, izixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa, zonke kufuneka zithathe amanyathelo okupakisha angangeni kumswakama ngokweempawu zazo. Umzekelo, emva kokuba iimveliso zephepha nephepha zithathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma amaninzi, ubomi beshelufu buyandiswa ngeenyanga ezi-2; emva kokuba amalaphu ethathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma, izinga lomonakalo womswakama lincitshiswa ngama-90%; emva kokuba iimveliso zesikhumba zithathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma, izinga lomonakalo lincitshiswa ngama-85%; emva kokuba iimveliso ze-elektroniki zithathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma, izinga lomonakalo lincitshiswa ngama-95%; emva kokuba izixhobo ezichanekileyo zithathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma, ukuchaneka kuhlala kuzinzile; emva kokuba imisebenzi yobugcisa ithathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukufuma, igcinwe kakuhle. Le mizekelo ingqina ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemfuneko yeendlela zokupakisha ezingangeni kumanzi.
Ngamafutshane, ukupakisha ukuthutha ulwandle kufuneka kunganyangeki kumanzi, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo apheleleyo okumelana nokufuma, kuquka ukukhetha izixhobo zokupakisha ezifanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokupakisha esebenzayo ethintela ukufuma, kunye nokwenza unyango olujoliswe kulo oluthintela ukufuma ngokweempawu zeempahla. Ukuphunyezwa kwale manyathelo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokonakala kokufuma kwiimpahla ngexesha lokuthuthwa kolwandle, kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho weempahla, kuncitshiswe ilahleko kwezoqoqosho, kwaye kugcinwe udumo kunye nomfanekiso wemarike weshishini.