Cov ntim khoom xa tuaj puas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub dej?

Cov ntim khoom xa tuaj puas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub dej?

1. Qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov ntim khoom xa khoom uas tiv thaiv dej noo

1.1 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom
Qhov chaw xa khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau cov khoom yooj yim raug dej noo thaum thauj mus los, ua rau puas tsuaj.
Av noo ntau: Cov av noo ntawm huab cua hauv dej hiav txwv siab heev, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov av noo ntau dua 70%, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov dej sov thiab cov dej sov, qhov twg cov av noo ze rau qhov saturation. Qhov chaw noo noo siab no yuav ua rau cov khoom nqus tau ntau cov av noo, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom ntub thiab pwm, uas ua rau cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias: Thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom, cov khoom yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj thiab qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw hiav txwv sib txawv. Thaum qhov kub hauv lub thawv poob qis, cov pa dej hauv huab cua yuav sib sau ua cov dej me me thiab lo rau cov khoom thiab cov ntim khoom, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov dej noo hauv cov khoom.
Kev yaig ntawm cov ntsev tsuag: Dej hiav txwv muaj ntsev ntau, thiab cov ntsev tsuag yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub thawv nrog cua hiav txwv thiab lo rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Ntshav yog hygroscopic thiab yuav nqus cov dej noo hauv huab cua, ua rau cov khoom ntub, thiab tseem yuav ua rau cov hlau ntim khoom thiab cov khoom xeb.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thauj: Ntau yam khoom thauj yog hygroscopic, xws li ntawv, ntaub, tawv, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom thauj no yuav nqus tau cov dej noo ntau dua hauv qhov chaw noo noo siab, ua rau pwm thiab lwj. Piv txwv li, ntawv muaj hygroscopicity muaj zog, thiab nws cov dej noo tuaj yeem nce ntau dua 5% hauv 24 teev hauv qhov chaw noo noo ntawm 70%.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom no qhia tau tias cov ntim khoom xa khoom yuav tsum muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv dej noo zoo kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom thauj thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los.

2. Cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv dej noo rau kev xa khoom ntim khoom

2.1 Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom
Kev xaiv cov khoom ntim khoom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv dej noo hauv kev xa khoom. Cov khoom ntim khoom sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv dej noo sib txawv. Cov hauv qab no yog ntau cov khoom ntim khoom tiv thaiv dej noo thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv:
Zaj duab xis yas: Zaj duab xis yas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tiv thaiv dej thiab noo noo, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm cov dej noo sab nraud. Piv txwv li, cov dej noo permeability ntawm zaj duab xis polyethylene yog qis heev, nrog rau cov dej noo permeability ntawm tsuas yog 0.05 grams ib square meter ib hnub, uas tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv dej noo rau cov khoom thauj.
Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntawv ci txhuas: Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntawv ci txhuas thiab lwm yam khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv dej noo zoo heev thiab cov khoom thaiv. Nws cov nyhuv tiv thaiv dej noo ntau dua li cov yas yas ib txwm muaj ntau zaus, thiab nws tsim nyog rau kev ntim khoom uas muaj cov kev xav tau tiv thaiv dej noo siab.
Cov ntawv cardboard uas tsis ntub dej: Cov ntawv cardboard uas tsis ntub dej yog siv cov ntawv cardboard ib txwm los kho kom tsis ntub dej, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis ntub dej nkag mus tau zoo. Nws qhov hygroscopicity qis dua 50% piv rau cov ntawv cardboard ib txwm, thiab nws tsim nyog rau kev ntim khoom sib dua thiab hygroscopic.
Cov ntim ntoo: Txawm hais tias cov ntim ntoo nws tus kheej muaj qee qhov hygroscopicity, tom qab kev kho mob tsis muaj dej noo, xws li txheej nrog cov xim tsis muaj dej noo lossis siv cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis muaj dej noo, nws cov kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej noo tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo heev. Kev nqus dej noo ntawm cov ntim ntoo kho tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm 70% hauv ib puag ncig nrog cov av noo ntawm 80%.

2.2 Kev siv tshuab ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej
Ntxiv rau kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom uas tsim nyog, nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom uas tiv taus dej noo. Cov hauv qab no yog qee cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom uas tiv taus dej noo:
Kev ntim khoom siv lub tshuab nqus tsev: Kev ntim khoom siv lub tshuab nqus tsev zoo tiv thaiv cov dej noo thiab kev ua kom cov khoom puas tsuaj los ntawm kev rho tawm cov huab cua hauv pob khoom thiab txo qhov muaj cov pa oxygen thiab dej noo. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev ntim khoom siv lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem ntev lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm cov khoom los ntawm 3-5 zaug.
Cov ntim khoom uas muaj cua nkag tau: Cov ntim khoom uas muaj cua nkag tau yog kom sau cov ntim nrog cov roj inert (xws li nitrogen) los hloov cov huab cua hauv cov ntim thiab txo cov pa oxygen thiab cov dej noo. Txoj kev ntim khoom no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom kom tsis txhob ntub thiab oxidized, thiab nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom uas muaj cov dej noo ntau xws li khoom noj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Siv cov tshuaj desiccant: Muab cov tshuaj desiccant tso rau hauv pob khoom yog ib qho kev ntsuas uas tiv thaiv tau dej noo. Cov tshuaj desiccant tuaj yeem nqus cov dej noo hauv pob khoom thiab tswj kom qhuav hauv pob khoom. Piv txwv li, qhov nqus dej noo ntawm silica gel desiccant tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 30%, thiab qhov nqus dej noo ntawm calcium chloride desiccant tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100%.
Txheej tiv thaiv dej noo: Siv cov txheej tiv thaiv dej noo rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom lossis qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv kom zoo tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm dej noo. Lub tuab ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv dej noo feem ntau yog 0.1-0.5 hli, thiab nws cov nyhuv tiv thaiv dej noo tuaj yeem kav ntev li ntau lub hlis.
Cov ntim khoom kaw: Cov ntim khoom kaw tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dej noo sab nraud kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv pob khoom. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntim khoom kaw, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej noo ntau dua. Piv txwv li, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob khoom kaw nrog daim kab xev kaw lossis cov thev naus laus zis kaw cua sov yog ntau dua 80% siab dua li cov ntim khoom ib txwm muaj.

3. Cov kev cai ntim khoom uas tiv taus dej noo rau cov khoom sib txawv

3.1 Cov khoom uas yoo dej
Cov khoom uas yoo dej muaj cov kev cai nruj dua rau kev ntim khoom uas tsis yoo dej thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv. Cov hauv qab no yog cov kev cai ntim khoom uas tsis yoo dej thiab piv txwv rau ntau yam khoom uas yoo dej:
Cov ntawv thiab cov khoom ntawv: Daim ntawv muaj zog hygroscopicity. Hauv ib puag ncig nrog cov av noo ntawm 70%, nws cov dej ntsiab lus tuaj yeem nce ntau dua 5% hauv 24 teev. Yog li ntawd, cov ntawv ntim khoom thiab cov khoom ntawv yuav tsum tau txais ntau txheej kev ntsuas dej noo. Ua ntej, cov ntawv cardboard tsis muaj dej noo tuaj yeem siv ua lub ntim sab nraud, thiab nws cov hygroscopicity yog ntau dua 50% qis dua li ntawm cov ntawv cardboard ib txwm muaj; qhov thib ob, silica gel desiccant muab tso rau hauv lub ntim, thiab nws tus nqi nqus dej noo tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 30% los nqus cov dej noo ntau dhau hauv lub ntim; thaum kawg, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom kaw thiab daim kab xev kaw rau kev kaw tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm ntau dua 80% piv rau cov ntim khoom ib txwm muaj. Piv txwv li, lub tuam txhab luam ntawv tau txais cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom tsis muaj dej noo saum toj no thaum xa ntawv los ntawm hiav txwv. Daim ntawv tsis tau ntub thiab pwm thaum thauj mus los, thiab lub txee lub neej tau ntev dua 2 lub hlis.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim nqus cov dej noo hauv qhov chaw noo noo siab, ua rau pwm, xim tsis zoo thiab txo qis zog. Rau kev ntim cov ntaub ntawv, zaj duab xis yas tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom ntim sab nraud. Cov dej noo permeability ntawm zaj duab xis polyethylene yog qis heev, nrog rau cov dej noo permeability ntawm tsuas yog 0.05 grams ib square meter ib hnub, uas tuaj yeem thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej noo sab nraud; tib lub sijhawm, ib qho calcium chloride desiccant tsim nyog muab tso rau hauv pob, thiab nws cov dej noo nqus tau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100% kom tswj tau qhov chaw qhuav hauv pob; ntxiv rau, cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom siv nqus tsev yog siv los rho tawm huab cua hauv pob thiab txo qhov muaj dej noo, uas tuaj yeem ntev lub neej txee ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 3-5 zaug. Tom qab ib lub tuam txhab xa khoom khaub ncaws tau txais cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom tiv thaiv dej noo no, tus nqi ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv tau txo qis los ntawm 90%.
Cov khoom tawv: Cov khoom tawv yooj yim nqus cov dej noo hauv qhov chaw noo noo, ua rau deformation, pwm thiab lwj. Cov khoom ntim khoom tawv yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv dej noo zoo, xws li cov ntaub ntawv txhuas ntawv ci sib xyaw, uas muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv dej noo ntau zaus ntau dua li cov yas yas ib txwm muaj; muab cov tshuaj silica gel desiccant tso rau hauv pob kom nqus cov dej noo hauv pob; tib lub sijhawm, siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom kaw kom ntseeg tau tias pob khoom kaw. Tom qab ib lub tuam txhab khoom tawv tau txais cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom tiv thaiv dej noo no, qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tawv thaum thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv tau txo qis 85%.

3.2 Cov khoom muaj nqis
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis siab heev, thiab cov kev cai rau kev ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej yog qhov nruj dua. Cov hauv qab no yog cov kev cai ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej thiab piv txwv ntawm ntau yam khoom muaj nqis uas feem ntau pom:
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj dej noo ntau heev. Ib puag ncig noo noo yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li luv luv ntawm lub voj voog thiab puas tsuaj rau cov khoom. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau siv ntau txheej tiv thaiv dej noo. Ua ntej, daim ntawv cardboard tiv thaiv dej noo tuaj yeem siv ua lub ntim sab nraud, thiab nws qhov hygroscopicity qis dua 50% piv rau cov ntawv cardboard ib txwm; qhov thib ob, muab cov silica gel desiccant tso rau hauv pob, thiab nws qhov nqus dej noo tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 30% kom nqus cov dej noo ntau dhau hauv pob; thaum kawg, siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom kom puv pob nrog cov roj inert (xws li nitrogen) los hloov cov huab cua hauv pob, txo cov pa oxygen thiab dej noo, thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom tsis txhob ntub thiab oxidized. Piv txwv li, thaum lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob xa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm hiav txwv, nws tau siv cov txheej txheem ntim khoom tiv thaiv dej noo saum toj no. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm dej noo thaum thauj mus los, thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj tau txo qis 95%.
Cov cuab yeej siv precision: Cov cuab yeej siv precision muaj qhov tseeb siab thiab cov kev cai nruj rau kev tiv thaiv dej noo. Ib puag ncig noo noo yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li txo qhov tseeb ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom. Cov ntim khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej precision yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv dej noo, xws li cov ntaub ntawv txhuas ntawv ci, uas muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv dej noo ntau zaus ntau dua li cov yas yas ib txwm muaj; muab cov calcium chloride desiccant tso rau hauv cov ntim khoom, uas nws tus nqi nqus dej noo tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100%, kom tswj tau ib puag ncig qhuav hauv cov ntim khoom; tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom kaw thiab daim kab xev kaw rau kev kaw tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv dej noo ntau dua 80% piv rau cov ntim khoom ib txwm muaj. Ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb tau siv cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom tiv thaiv dej noo no thaum xa cov cuab yeej precision los ntawm hiav txwv. Cov cuab yeej tsis raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm dej noo thaum thauj mus los, thiab qhov tseeb tseem ruaj khov.
Cov Duab Kos: Cov duab kos muaj nqis heev thiab muaj cov kev cai nruj rau kev tiv thaiv dej noo. Ib puag ncig noo noo yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li pwm, xim tsis zoo, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov duab kos. Cov khoom ntim ntawm cov duab kos yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv dej noo, xws li cov ntawv cardboard uas tiv thaiv dej noo, uas muaj tus nqi nqus dej noo uas qis dua 50% dua li cov ntawv cardboard ib txwm; muab cov tshuaj silica gel desiccant tso rau hauv cov khoom ntim, uas tus nqi nqus dej noo tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 30% los nqus dej noo hauv cov khoom ntim; tib lub sijhawm, siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom nqus tsev los rho tawm huab cua hauv cov khoom ntim thiab txo qhov muaj dej noo tuaj yeem ntev lub neej txee ntawm cov duab kos los ntawm 3-5 zaug. Thaum lub tsev kawm kos duab thauj cov duab kos los ntawm hiav txwv, cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom tiv thaiv dej noo no tau raug siv. Cov duab kos tsis raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm dej noo thaum thauj mus los thiab tau khaws cia zoo.

4. Cov Lus Qhia Luv Luv
Cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv dej noo rau kev ntim khoom thauj hauv hiav txwv yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los. Qhov av noo siab, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kev yaig ntawm cov tshuaj ntsev thiab hygroscopicity ntawm cov khoom hauv qhov chaw thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv ua rau cov khoom yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm dej noo thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv, uas ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem xws li kev puas tsuaj, pwm thiab kev puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv dej noo zoo yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntim khoom thauj hauv hiav txwv.
Hais txog kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv xws li yas zaj duab xis, cov khoom siv aluminium foil composite, cov ntawv cardboard uas tsis ntub dej thiab cov ntoo ntim uas tsis ntub dej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nkag los ntawm cov dej noo sab nraud thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom vim lawv cov khoom zoo uas tsis ntub dej. Piv txwv li, cov dej noo permeability ntawm cov zaj duab xis polyethylene yog qis heev, nrog rau cov dej noo permeability ntawm tsuas yog 0.05 grams ib square meter ib hnub; cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom siv aluminium foil composite muaj zog dua li cov yas zaj duab xis ib txwm muaj ntau zaus; qhov nqus dej noo ntawm cov ntawv cardboard uas tsis ntub dej qis dua 50% dua li cov ntawv cardboard ib txwm muaj; thiab qhov nqus dej noo ntawm cov ntoo ntim uas tsis ntub dej tuaj yeem txo tau 70% hauv ib puag ncig nrog cov dej noo ntawm 80%. Kev siv dav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no muab ntau yam kev xaiv ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej rau ntau hom khoom.
Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom uas tiv taus dej kuj tseem ceeb heev. Kev ntim khoom siv lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem ua rau lub txee khoom ntev dua 3-5 zaug los ntawm kev txo cov huab cua thiab cov dej noo hauv pob khoom; kev ntim khoom uas muaj cua nkag tau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dej noo thiab kev ua kom cov khoom puas tsuaj los ntawm kev sau cov pa roj inert kom txo cov pa oxygen thiab cov dej noo; kev siv cov desiccant tuaj yeem nqus cov dej noo hauv pob khoom thiab tswj kom muaj ib puag ncig qhuav. Tus nqi nqus dej noo ntawm silica gel desiccant tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 30%, thiab tus nqi nqus dej noo ntawm calcium chloride desiccant tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100%; txheej txheej tiv taus dej noo zoo thaiv cov dej noo nkag los ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv; cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom kaw tau txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam tiv taus dej noo los ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm sealing. Kev siv ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no ua rau muaj peev xwm tiv taus dej noo ntawm cov ntim khoom hauv hiav txwv.
Cov kev cai rau kev ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej kuj txawv rau cov khoom sib txawv. Cov khoom uas yoo ntub dej, xws li ntawv, ntaub thiab tawv, nrog rau cov khoom muaj nqis xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo thiab cov duab kos, txhua yam yuav tsum tau ua cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej raws li lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, tom qab ntawv thiab cov khoom siv ntawv siv ntau txheej kev ntsuas uas tsis ntub dej, lub neej txee yuav ntev dua 2 lub hlis; tom qab cov ntaub siv cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej, qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov dej yuav txo qis 90%; tom qab cov khoom siv tawv siv cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej, qhov kev puas tsuaj yuav txo qis 85%; tom qab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej, qhov kev puas tsuaj yuav txo qis 95%; tom qab cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo siv cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej, qhov tseeb tseem ruaj khov; tom qab cov duab kos siv cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej, lawv tau khaws cia zoo. Cov piv txwv no ua pov thawj tag nrho qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov kev ntsuas ntim khoom uas tsis ntub dej.
Hauv kev xaus lus, kev ntim khoom thauj hauv hiav txwv yuav tsum tiv taus dej noo, thiab yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuas tiv taus dej noo, suav nrog kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom tsim nyog, siv cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom tiv taus dej noo zoo, thiab ua cov kev kho mob tiv taus dej noo raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Kev siv cov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau dej noo rau cov khoom thaum thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv, xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom, txo kev poob nyiaj txiag, thiab tswj lub koob npe nrov thiab lub koob npe nrov ntawm lub tuam txhab.