Ingabe ukupakisha kokuthumela kudingeka kuvikeleke kumswakama?

Ingabe ukupakisha kokuthumela kudingeka kuvikeleke kumswakama?

1. Isidingo sokupakisha ukuthunyelwa okuvikela umswakama

1.1 Izici zendawo yokuthumela impahla
Indawo yokuthumela izimpahla inezici ezihlukile, ezenza izimpahla zibe sengozini enkulu yomswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, okuholela ekulimaleni.
Umswakama ophezulu: Umswakama womoya olwandle uphakeme kakhulu, kanye nomswakama olinganiselwe ongaphezu kuka-70%, ikakhulukazi emanzini ashisayo nawasezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho umswakama useduze nokugcwala. Le ndawo enomswakama ophezulu izokwenza ukuthi izimpahla zimunce umswakama omningi, okubangela ukuthi izinto zokupakisha zibe manzi futhi zibe nesikhunta, okuthinta ikhwalithi yezimpahla.
Umehluko omkhulu wokushisa: Ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa, izimpahla zizobhekana nomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezahlukene zolwandle. Lapho izinga lokushisa esitsheni lehla, umhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni uzohlangana ube amaconsi amanzi futhi unamathele ezimpahleni nasekupakishweni, okwandisa ingozi yomswakama ezimpahleni.
Ukuguguleka kwesifutho sikasawoti: Amanzi olwandle aqukethe usawoti omningi, kanti isifutho sikasawoti sizongena esitsheni nomoya wolwandle futhi sinamathele ebusweni bezimpahla. Usawoti u-hygroscopic futhi uzoqhubeka nokumunca umswakama emoyeni, okwenza izimpahla zibe manzi, futhi uzophinde ugqwale ukupakishwa kwensimbi kanye nezimpahla.
Izici zempahla: Imithwalo eminingi i-hygroscopic, njengephepha, izindwangu, isikhumba, njll. Le mithwalo inamathuba amaningi okumunca umswakama endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, okubangela isikhunta kanye nokuwohloka. Isibonelo, iphepha linomswakama oqinile, futhi okuqukethwe kwalo komswakama kunganda ngaphezu kuka-5% zingakapheli amahora angama-24 endaweni enomswakama ongu-70%.
Lezi zici zendawo yokuthumela impahla zibonisa ukuthi ukupakisha impahla kumele kube nezakhiwo ezinhle ezingangeni umswakama ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yempahla ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.

2. Izindlela zokuvikela umswakama zokupakisha ukuthunyelwa

2.1 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokupakisha
Ukukhetha izinto zokupakisha ezifanele kuyisihluthulelo sokuvikela umswakama ekuthunyelweni. Izinto zokupakisha ezahlukene zinezakhiwo ezahlukene zokuvikela umswakama. Okulandelayo yizinto zokupakisha eziningana ezivamile zokuvikela umswakama kanye nezici zazo:
Ifilimu yepulasitiki: Ifilimu yepulasitiki inezakhiwo ezinhle zokungangenwa manzi futhi ezingangeni umswakama, futhi ingavimba ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama wangaphandle. Isibonelo, ukungena komswakama kwefilimu ye-polyethylene kuphansi kakhulu, kanye nokungenela komswakama okungamagremu angu-0.05 kuphela ngemitha yesikwele ngosuku, okungahlinzeka ngesivikelo esihle sokumelana nomswakama wempahla.
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-aluminium foil: Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-aluminium foil ziyinhlanganisela ye-aluminium foil nezinye izinto, ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokumelana nomswakama kanye nezivimbelo. Umphumela wayo wokumelana nomswakama uphakeme kaningana kunowefilimu evamile yepulasitiki, futhi ifanelekela ukupakisha izimpahla ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokumelana nomswakama.
Ikhadibhodi elingangeni umswakama: Ikhadibhodi elingangeni umswakama liphathwa ngokwelashwa okungangeni umswakama ngokusekelwe kwikhadibhodi evamile, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama. Ukuqina kwayo okufana nomswakama kungaphansi kuka-50% kunokwekhadibhodi evamile, futhi kufanelekile ukupakisha ezinye izinto ezilula nezifana nomswakama.
Ukupakishwa kokhuni: Nakuba ukupakishwa kokhuni ngokwako kune-hygroscopicity ethile, ngemva kokwelashwa okuvikela umswakama, njengokumboza ngopende ovikela umswakama noma ukusebenzisa ifilimu evikela umswakama, ukusebenza kwayo okuvikela umswakama kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ukumuncwa komswakama kokupakishwa kokhuni okulungisiwe kungancishiswa ngo-70% endaweni enomswakama ongu-80%.

2.2 Ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obungangeni umswakama
Ngaphezu kokukhetha izinto zokupakisha ezifanele, kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obusebenzayo obungangeni umswakama. Lokhu okulandelayo kungenye yezindlela zokupakisha ezivamile ezingangeni umswakama:
Ukupakisha i-vacuum: Ukupakisha i-vacuum kuvimbela ngempumelelo umswakama kanye nokugcwala kwezimpahla ngokukhipha umoya ephaketheni kanye nokunciphisa ukuba khona komoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukupakisha i-vacuum kungandisa impilo yeshelufu yezimpahla izikhathi ezi-3-5.
Ukupakisha Okufuthwayo: Ukupakisha Okufuthwayo kuwukugcwalisa ukupakisha ngegesi engasebenzi (njenge-nitrogen) ukuze kuthathe indawo yomoya osephaketheni futhi kuncishiswe okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kanye nomswakama. Le ndlela yokupakisha ingavimbela ngempumelelo izimpahla ukuthi zingabi manzi futhi zingcoliswe, futhi ifanele izimpahla ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokumelana nomswakama njengokudla kanye nemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-desiccant: Ukufaka i-desiccant ephaketheni kuyindlela evamile yokuvimbela umswakama. I-desiccant ingamunca umswakama ephaketheni futhi igcine indawo eyomile ephaketheni. Isibonelo, izinga lokumunca umswakama le-silica gel desiccant lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-30%, kanti izinga lokumunca umswakama le-calcium chloride desiccant lingafinyelela ku-100%.
Ukwemboza okuvikela umswakama: Ukusebenzisa ukwemboza okuvikela umswakama ebusweni bezimpahla noma ebusweni bezinto zokupakisha kungakha ifilimu evikelayo ukuvimba ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama. Ubukhulu bekwemboza okuvikela umswakama ngokuvamile bungu-0.1-0.5 mm, futhi umphumela wayo wokuvikela umswakama ungahlala izinyanga eziningana.
Ukupakishwa okuvalwe: Ukupakishwa okuvalwe kungavimbela ngempumelelo umswakama wangaphandle ukuthi ungene ngaphakathi kwephakheji. Uma ukusebenza kokuvala kwephakheji okuvalwe kungcono, kulapho umphumela wokumelana nomswakama ubaluleke khona. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kokumelana nomswakama kwephakheji evalwe ngeteyipu yokuvala noma ubuchwepheshe bokuvala ukushisa kuphakeme ngaphezu kuka-80% kunokwephakheji evamile.

3. Izidingo zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama zezimpahla ezahlukene

3.1 Izimpahla ezivame ukuba nomswakama
Izimpahla ezivame ukuba nomswakama zinezidingo eziqinile zokupakisha ezingamelani nomswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa olwandle. Okulandelayo yizidingo zokupakisha ezingamelani nomswakama kanye nezibonelo zezimpahla eziningana ezivame ukuba nomswakama:
Imikhiqizo yephepha nephepha: Iphepha linomswakama oqinile. Endaweni enomswakama ongu-70%, okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwalo kunganda ngaphezu kuka-5% zingakapheli amahora angama-24. Ngakho-ke, ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yephepha nephepha kufanele kuthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela umswakama ezinezingqimba eziningi. Okokuqala, ikhadibhodi elingangeni umswakama lingasetshenziswa njengephakheji yangaphandle, futhi umswakama walo ungaphansi kuka-50% kunowekhadibhodi evamile; okwesibili, i-silica gel desiccant ifakwa ephaketheni, futhi izinga layo lokumunca umswakama lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-30% ukuze limunce umswakama owengeziwe ephaketheni; ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuvalwe kanye netheyipu yokuvala ukuze kuvalwe kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokumelana nomswakama ngaphezu kuka-80% uma kuqhathaniswa nokupakishwa okuvamile. Isibonelo, inkampani yokunyathelisa yamukele izinyathelo zokupakisha ezingenhla ezingangeni umswakama lapho ithumela iphepha olwandle. Iphepha alizange limanzi futhi likhunteke ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, futhi isikhathi sokuphila eshalofini sandiswa ngezinyanga ezi-2.
Izindwangu: Izindwangu zimunca kalula umswakama endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, okuholela ekukhumbeni, ekushintsheni kombala kanye namandla anciphile. Ekupakisheni izindwangu, ifilimu yepulasitiki ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokupakisha zangaphandle. Ukumunca umswakama kwefilimu ye-polyethylene kuphansi kakhulu, ngokumunca umswakama okungamagremu angu-0.05 kuphela ngemitha yesikwele ngosuku, okungavimba ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama wangaphandle; ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elifanele le-calcium chloride desiccant lifakwa ephaketheni, futhi izinga layo lokumunca umswakama lingafinyelela ku-100% ukugcina indawo eyomile ephaketheni; ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha nge-vacuum busetshenziswa ukukhipha umoya ephaketheni nokunciphisa ukuba khona komswakama, okungandisa impilo yeshelufu yezindwangu izikhathi ezingu-3-5. Ngemva kokuba inkampani ethile yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe yamukele lezi zindlela zokupakisha ezingamelani nomswakama, izinga lomonakalo womswakama ezindwangu ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa olwandle lancishiswa ngo-90%.
Imikhiqizo yesikhumba: Imikhiqizo yesikhumba kulula ukuyimunca umswakama endaweni enomswakama, okubangela ukuguguleka, isikhunta kanye nokuwohloka. Ukupakisha imikhiqizo yesikhumba kufanele kukhethe izinto ezinezakhiwo ezinhle zokumelana nomswakama, njengezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-aluminium foil, ezinomphumela wokumelana nomswakama izikhathi eziningana kunamafilimu avamile epulasitiki; faka inani elifanele le-silica gel desiccant ephaketheni ukuze umunce umswakama ephaketheni; ngesikhathi esifanayo, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuvalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwephakheji. Ngemva kokuba inkampani ethile yemikhiqizo yesikhumba yamukele lezi zindlela zokupakisha ezimelana nomswakama, izinga lomonakalo wemikhiqizo yesikhumba ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa olwandle lancishiswa ngo-85%.

3.2 Izimpahla eziyigugu
Inani lezimpahla eziyigugu liphezulu, futhi izidingo zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama ziqinile kakhulu. Okulandelayo yizidingo zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama kanye nezibonelo zezimpahla eziningana eziyigugu ezivamile:
Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi: Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuvikela umswakama. Indawo enomswakama ingabangela izinkinga ezifana namasekethe amafushane kanye nomonakalo wezingxenye. Ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi kufanele kuthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela umswakama ezinezingqimba eziningi. Okokuqala, ikhadibhodi elingavimbeli umswakama lingasetshenziswa njengephakheji yangaphandle, futhi i-hygroscopicity yayo ingaphansi kuka-50% kunekhadibhodi evamile; okwesibili, faka inani elifanele le-silica gel desiccant ephaketheni, futhi izinga layo lokumunca umswakama lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-30% ukuze limunce umswakama owedlulele ephaketheni; ekugcineni, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obungena umoya ukuze ugcwalise iphakethe ngegesi engasebenzi (njenge-nitrogen) ukuze ufake umoya ephaketheni, unciphise okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kanye nomswakama, futhi uvimbele ngempumelelo imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ukuthi ingabi manzi futhi i-oxidized. Isibonelo, lapho inkampani ye-elekthronikhi ithumela imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ngolwandle, yamukela izinyathelo zokupakisha ezingavimbeli umswakama ezingenhla. Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ayizange ihlupheke ngomonakalo womswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, futhi izinga lomonakalo lehliswe ngo-95%.
Amathuluzi okunemba: Amathuluzi okunemba anezidingo eziqondile neziqinile zokuvikela umswakama. Indawo enomswakama ingabangela izinkinga ezifana nokuncipha kokunemba kwethuluzi kanye nomonakalo ezingxenyeni. Ukupakishwa kwamathuluzi okunemba kufanele kwenziwe ngezinto ezisebenza kahle ezingamelani nomswakama, njengezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-aluminium foil, ezinomphumela wokuvikela umswakama ophindwe kaningana kunezamafilimu avamile epulasitiki; ukubeka inani elifanele le-calcium chloride desiccant ephaketheni, lapho izinga lokumunca umswakama lingafinyelela ku-100%, ukuze kugcinwe indawo eyomile ephaketheni; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuvaliwe kanye ne-sealing tape yokuvala kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okungamelani nomswakama ngaphezu kuka-80% uma kuqhathaniswa nokupakishwa okuvamile. Isikhungo socwaningo lwesayensi samukele lezi zindlela zokupakisha ezingamelani nomswakama lapho sithumela amathuluzi okunemba olwandle. Amathuluzi awazange ahlupheke ngomonakalo womswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, futhi ukunemba kwahlala kuzinzile.
Imisebenzi Yobuciko: Imisebenzi yobuciko ibaluleke kakhulu futhi inezidingo eziqinile zokumelana nomswakama. Indawo enomswakama ingabangela izinkinga ezifana nokukhunta, ukushintsha kombala, kanye nomonakalo emisebenzini yobuciko. Ukupakishwa kwemisebenzi yobuciko kufanele kwenziwe ngezinto ezisebenza kahle ekumelaneni nomswakama, njengekhadibhodi elingamelani nomswakama, elinesilinganiso sokumuncwa komswakama esingaphansi kuka-50% kunesekhadibhodi elivamile; ukubeka inani elifanele le-silica gel desiccant ephaketheni, lapho izinga lokumuncwa komswakama lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-30% ukuze limuncwe umswakama ephaketheni; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha nge-vacuum ukukhipha umoya ephaketheni nokunciphisa ukuba khona komswakama kungandisa impilo yeshelufu yemisebenzi yobuciko izikhathi ezingu-3-5. Lapho isikhungo sobuciko sithutha imisebenzi yobuciko olwandle, lezi zinyathelo zokupakisha ezingamelani nomswakama zamukelwa. Imisebenzi yobuciko ayizange ihlupheke ngomonakalo womswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa futhi yagcinwa kahle.

4. Isifinyezo
Izinyathelo zokuvikela umswakama zokupakisha ukuthutha olwandle zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yezimpahla ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Umswakama ophezulu, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa, ukuguguleka kwe-salt spray kanye ne-hygroscopicity yezimpahla endaweni yokuthuthwa olwandle kubangele ukuthi izimpahla zithinteke kalula umswakama ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa olwandle, okwabangela uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezifana nomonakalo, isikhunta kanye nokuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvikela umswakama kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokupakishwa kokuthutha olwandle.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwezinto zokupakisha, izinto ezifana nefilimu yepulasitiki, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-aluminium foil, ikhadibhodi elingangeni umswakama kanye nokupakisha okwenziwe ngokhuni okungangeni umswakama kungavimba ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama wangaphandle futhi kunciphise ingozi yokulimala komswakama ezimpahleni ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle ezingangeni umswakama. Isibonelo, ukungena komswakama kwefilimu ye-polyethylene kuphansi kakhulu, ngokungena komswakama okungamagremu angu-0.05 kuphela ngemitha yesikwele ngosuku; umphumela wokumelana nomswakama wezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-aluminium foil uphakeme kaningana kunowefilimu evamile yepulasitiki; ukumuncwa komswakama kwekhadibhodi elingangeni umswakama kungaphansi kuka-50% kunokwekhadibhodi evamile; kanye nokumuncwa komswakama kwephakheji eyenziwe ngokhuni engangeni umswakama kungancishiswa ngo-70% endaweni enomswakama ongu-80%. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalezi zinto kunikeza izinketho ezahlukene zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimpahla.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokupakisha obungangeni umswakama nakho kubalulekile. Ukupakisha nge-vacuum kungandisa impilo yeshelufu yezimpahla izikhathi ezi-3-5 ngokunciphisa umoya nomswakama ephaketheni; ukupakisha okufuthwayo kungavimbela ngempumelelo umswakama kanye nokushiswa kwezimpahla ngokugcwalisa igesi engasebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe umoya-mpilo kanye nokuqukethwe komswakama; ukusetshenziswa kwe-desiccant kungamunca umswakama ephaketheni futhi kugcine indawo eyomile. Izinga lokumunca umswakama le-silica gel desiccant lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-30%, kanti izinga lokumunca umswakama le-calcium chloride desiccant lingafinyelela ku-100%; ukugqoka okuvikela umswakama kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukungena komswakama ngokwenza ifilimu evikelayo; ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuvalwe buthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokuvikela umswakama ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuvala. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwalezi zobuchwepheshe kuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lokuvikela umswakama lokupakisha olwandle.
Izidingo zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama nazo zihlukile ezimpahleni ezahlukene. Izimpahla ezingangeni umswakama, njengephepha, izindwangu kanye nemikhiqizo yesikhumba, kanye nezimpahla ezibalulekile njengemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi ezinembile kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko, zonke kudingeka zithathe izinyathelo zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama eziqondiwe ngokwezici zazo. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuba imikhiqizo yephepha nephepha isebenzise izindlela zokuvikela umswakama ezinezingqimba eziningi, impilo yeshelufu inwetshwa ngezinyanga ezi-2; ngemuva kokuba izindwangu zisebenzise izindlela zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama, izinga lomonakalo womswakama lincishiswa ngo-90%; ngemuva kokuba imikhiqizo yesikhumba isebenzise izindlela zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama, izinga lomonakalo lincishiswa ngo-85%; ngemuva kokuba imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi isebenzise izindlela zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama, izinga lomonakalo lincishiswa ngo-95%; ngemuva kokuba izinsimbi ezinembile zisebenzise izindlela zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama, ukunemba kuhlala kuzinzile; ngemuva kokuba imisebenzi yobuciko isebenzise izindlela zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama, zigcinwa kahle. Lezi zibonelo zifakazela ngokugcwele ukusebenza kahle kanye nesidingo sezinyathelo zokupakisha ezingangeni umswakama.
Ngamafuphi, ukupakisha kokuthutha olwandle kudinga ukumelana nomswakama, futhi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezibanzi zokumelana nomswakama, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha izinto zokupakisha ezifanele, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obusebenzayo obuvimbela umswakama, kanye nokwenza ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe okuvikela umswakama ngokwezimpawu zezimpahla. Ukuqaliswa kwalezi zinyathelo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala komswakama ezimpahleni ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa olwandle, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nekhwalithi yezimpahla, kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, futhi kugcinwe idumela kanye nesithombe semakethe sebhizinisi.