Othandizira Ogula a Yiwu: Nchifukwa Chiyani Ndiwo Ogwirizana Omwe Amakondedwa Ndi Ogulitsa Ambiri Padziko Lonse?

Meyi Wothandizira Kugulas: N’chifukwa Chiyani Ndi Ogwirizana Nawo Omwe Amakondedwa Kwambiri ndi Ogulitsa Zinthu Padziko Lonse?

Pamene wogulitsa katundu wochokera ku Middle East akufuna kugula zinthu zapakhomo zambiri koma akuvutika ndi zopinga za chilankhulo komanso kusadziwa njira zopezera zinthu; pamene ogula aku Europe akufuna kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira zinthu koma sakudziwa momwe angalumikizire ndi mafakitale akumaloko ku Yiwu—Ogulitsa zinthu ku Yiwu akukhala "mlatho wofunikira" wothetsera mavutowa. Monga malo akuluakulu ogawa zinthu zazing'ono padziko lonse lapansi, Yiwu imakopa ogula padziko lonse lapansi oposa miliyoni pachaka, koma ogulitsa ambiri akusankha kuyika bizinesi yawo yogula kwa othandizira am'deralo. Kumbuyo kwa izi kuli phindu losasinthika la othandizira ogula a Yiwu, komanso mfundo yayikulu yofananira bwino zosowa zawo zapadziko lonse lapansi.

I. "Ubwino Wachibadwa wa Msika wa Yiwu": "Gwero la Chidaliro" kwa Ogula

Kuti mumvetse kutchuka kwa ogulitsa zinthu, choyamba munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa majini apadera a Yiwu monga "sitolo yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi"—iyi ndi maziko omwe mautumiki a mabungwe amatha kuyimilira, komanso chikoka chachikulu chomwe chimakopa ogulitsa zinthu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Yiwu ili ndi mitundu yoposa 2 miliyoni ya zinthu zazing'ono, zomwe zimaphatikizapo magulu akuluakulu 28 kuphatikiza mipando yapakhomo, zoseweretsa, zodzikongoletsera, zida, ndi zinthu zakunja. Kuyambira katundu wotsika mtengo komanso wotsika mtengo mpaka zinthu zapakatikati mpaka zapamwamba, imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala ogulitsa ochokera m'maiko osiyanasiyana komanso pamlingo wosiyana. Chofunika kwambiri, yapanga njira yoperekera zinthu ziwiri ya "kugawa mwachindunji kwa mafakitale + kugulitsa kwa ogulitsa": mafakitale othandizira opitilira 100,000 ali m'magulu mkati mwa mtunda wa makilomita 300, zomwe zimathandiza kuti katundu wambiri apangidwe ndikutumizidwa mkati mwa masiku atatu kuchokera pa oda; pomwe amalonda opitilira 70,000 mu International Trade City amachita ngati "malo operekera zinthu," kuphatikiza mwachangu magulu angapo azinthu, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa ogula kulumikizana ndi mafakitale payekhapayekha. Komabe, kwa ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi, msika waukulu woterewu ukhoza kukhala wolemetsa: zopinga za chilankhulo zimachepetsa kwambiri kulumikizana bwino (eni mafakitale ambiri amangolankhula Chingerezi chosavuta, ndipo amalonda ena ang'onoang'ono alibe luso la chilankhulo chachilendo); msikawu uli wogawanika m'malo osiyanasiyana (Mzinda Wamalonda Wapadziko Lonse wagawidwa m'maboma 5, wokhala ndi malo opitilira 5 miliyoni sikweya mita), womwe umafuna nthawi yochulukirapo kuti ufufuze ogulitsa okha; ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kumvetsetsa "mtengo wotsika wa fakitale" - amalonda am'deralo nthawi zambiri amawonjezera 10%-20% pamtengo wakale wa fakitale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ogula akunja omwe alibe zinthu zakomweko kuti apeze mitengo yolondola.

Pakadali pano, othandizira kugula zinthu ku Yiwu, omwe amadziwa bwino msika, amakhala "osintha zinthu." Sangathe kupeza mafakitale kapena amalonda omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa zawo molondola, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde awo am'deralo omwe akhala akusonkhanitsa nthawi yayitali kuti apeze mitengo yopikisana kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza ogula apadziko lonse lapansi kupeza mwachindunji pakati pa unyolo wopereka popanda "kufunafuna singano mu udzu."

II. Kuwongolera Mtengo: "Chinsinsi Chosunga Ndalama" kwa Ogulitsa Ambiri Padziko Lonse

Kwa makasitomala ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi, "kuchepetsa ndalama ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito" ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo othandizira ogula ku Yiwu amapereka phindu losasinthika pamlingo uwu. 1. Chepetsani Ndalama Zogulira: Dulani Anthu Ogulitsa Pakati ndi Kupeza Mitengo Yachindunji Ya Fakitale Ogula ambiri ochokera kumayiko ena omwe amapita ku Yiwu koyamba amangolankhula ndi amalonda ku International Trade City (monga "ogulitsa achiwiri"), m'malo molumikizana mwachindunji ndi mafakitale opanga. Kuti atsimikizire phindu, amalonda nthawi zambiri amawonjezera 15%-30% pamtengo wa fakitale. Komabe, Yiwu Wothandizira Kugula Zinthus, omwe akhala akukhazikika kwambiri pamsika wakomweko kwa zaka zambiri, ali ndi mwayi wopeza mafakitale ambiri ogwirizana nawo, omwe amaphimba unyolo wonse wopereka kuyambira pazinthu zopangira mpaka zinthu zomalizidwa. Amatha kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi ogula ndi mafakitale kapena kukambirana mitengo m'malo mwa makasitomala, kuchotsa ogulitsa ndi ma markups awo. Mwachitsanzo, wogulitsa zinthu wa ku Southeast Asia adakonza zogula zoseweretsa zapulasitiki 100,000. Pofunsa mwachindunji, amalonda adatchula ma yuan 12 pa chidutswa chilichonse. Atapatsa wothandizira kuti alumikizane ndi mafakitale, mtengo womaliza unali ma yuan 8.5 okha pa chidutswa chilichonse, kuchepetsa mtengo wa chinthu chilichonse ndi 30%. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogulira pachaka za zidutswa 1 miliyoni, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zosungira pachaka zopitilira ma yuan 3.5 miliyoni. 2. Konzani Ndalama Zogulitsira: Kuphatikiza Magwero ndi Kuchepetsa Kutayika kwa Mayendedwe. Kugula zinthu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo magulu angapo azinthu ndi ogulitsa. Ngati ogula azichita izi pawokha, ayenera kutenga katundu kuchokera kumafakitale osiyanasiyana ndikutumiza padera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogulitsira zinthu zikhale zambiri (zomwe zingawonjezere ndalama zogulitsira zinthu ndi 20%-50%) komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha katundu kutayika kapena kutayika. Ogwira ntchito zogula katundu ku Yiwu nthawi zambiri amapereka ntchito za "kuphatikiza ndi kulongedza katundu": katundu wochokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana amayamba kulumikizidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya wothandizirayo, komwe amayesedwa bwino, kugawidwa m'magulu, ndi kulongedza katundu. Kenako, kutengera zosowa za wogula, amasankha njira zoyendetsera katundu monga kutumiza katundu panyanja, kutumiza katundu wamlengalenga, kapena China-Europe Railway Express. Kumbali imodzi, kutumiza katundu wambiri kumalola kukambirana ndi makampani oyendetsera katundu, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera katundu ndi avareji ya 15%-25%; kumbali ina, kulongedza katundu mwaukadaulo kumachepetsa kutayika kwa mayendedwe (makamaka pazinthu zosalimba, kuchepetsa kutayika kuchokera pa 10% mpaka pansi pa 1%), kupewa ndalama zina zogulira katundu chifukwa cha katundu wowonongeka. 3. Sungani ndalama zogulira anthu ndi nthawi: Utumiki wopita ku malo amodzi, kupewa "maulendo osafunikira" Ogula akunja omwe amabwera ku Yiwu okha ayenera kulipira ndalama za ma visa, ndege, ndi malo ogona (pafupifupi 5,000-20,000 RMB paulendo uliwonse), ndipo kudziwa bwino msika ndikusankha ogulitsa kumatenga milungu yosachepera 1-2. Ngati magulu azinthu ndi ovuta, maulendo angapo angafunike. Othandizira kugula zinthu angapereke ntchito "zogula zonse": kuyambira kulankhulana ndi anthu ofuna ntchito (kusankha ogulitsa kutengera zitsanzo kapena magawo omwe wogula wapereka), kutumiza zitsanzo (kupeza ndi kutumiza zitsanzo m'malo mwa kasitomala), kutsatira oda (kuyang'anira momwe mafakitale akuyendera) mpaka kugwirizanitsa zinthu, njira yonseyi sikufuna kuti wogula apezekepo. Kasitomala wina waku Africa wogulitsa zinthu zambiri anati atapereka mwayi wogula zinthu kwa wothandizira, njira yogulira zinthu, yomwe poyamba idatenga milungu iwiri, idafupikitsidwa kukhala masiku atatu, zomwe zidachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi nthawi ndi zoposa 80%.

III. Ntchito Zakumaloko: Kuthetsa "Zowawa ndi Zovuta" za Kugula Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana

Vuto la kugula zinthu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri silili pa "kusatha kugula katundu," koma pa "kugula ndi chidaliro komanso bwino." Ubwino wa ogulitsa zinthu ku Yiwu umadzaza bwino "mpata wautumiki" pakugula zinthu m'malire.

1. Chilankhulo ndi Chikhalidwe: Kuthetsa Zopinga Zolumikizirana
Ogulitsa ambiri a Yiwu amalankhula zilankhulo ziwiri kapena zilankhulo zambiri (kuphatikizapo zilankhulo zonse zazikulu monga Chingerezi, Chiarabu, Chisipanishi, ndi Chirasha). Sangathe kumasulira molondola magawo azinthu ndi mawu oyitanitsa, komanso kumvetsetsa zikhalidwe zamabizinesi a mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, polankhulana ndi makasitomala aku Middle East, amagogomezera kumanga chidaliro cha nthawi yayitali; pochita ndi makasitomala aku Europe, amagogomezera tsatanetsatane wotsatira malamulo, kupewa kusamvana komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe.
Chofunika kwambiri, othandizira amatha kugwira ntchito ngati "milatho yachikhalidwe": mwachitsanzo, ngati mafakitale ena sakudziwa bwino njira zoyitanitsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, othandizira amatha kuthandiza pofotokoza bwino zomwe zalembedwa; ogula akakhala ndi mafunso okhudza miyezo yazinthu zaku China, othandizira amatha kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pa miyezo yadziko ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga satifiketi ya EU CE, satifiketi ya US FDA, ndi zina zotero), kuonetsetsa kuti katunduyo akukwaniritsa zofunikira za dziko lotumiza katundu.

2. Kuyang'anira Ubwino Pamalo Ogulitsira: Kuonetsetsa Ubwino ndi Kupewa Mikangano Pambuyo Pogulitsa
"Kusatha kuwona malonda enieni ndi kuda nkhawa ndi kusiyana kwa khalidwe" ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe makasitomala ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amada nkhawa nazo. Ntchito yowunikira malo omwe akugulira ya Yiwu imapereka ndi yofunika kwambiri pothetsa vutoli:
* Kuyang'anira khalidwe la zinthu zisanayambe kupanga: Asanayambe kupanga, wothandizirayo amaonetsetsa kuti zinthu zopangira (monga ngati zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zikukwaniritsa miyezo ya chilengedwe) kuti apewe zolakwika za gulu chifukwa cha mavuto a zinthu zopangira.
* Kuyang'anira zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa mkati mwa kupanga: Panthawi yopanga, wothandizirayo nthawi zonse amapita ku fakitale kuti akayang'ane zinthu mwachisawawa (kuyesa zitsanzo pamlingo wa 5%-10%) kuti atsimikizire kuti njira yopangira ndi zitsanzozo zikugwirizana.
* Kuyang'ana kwathunthu pambuyo pa kupanga: Pambuyo pa kupanga, wothandizirayo amafufuza zinthu zonse kuti awone mawonekedwe, ntchito, ndi ma phukusi, ndikupereka lipoti latsatanetsatane la kuwunika kwabwino (kuphatikizapo zithunzi ndi makanema) kuti ogula athe "kudzionera okha" patali.
* Nthawi ina, wogula waku South America adalamula wothandizirayo kuti agule magetsi 10,000 a LED. Pa nthawi yowunikira ubwino, magetsi ena adapezeka kuti anali owala kwambiri. Wothandizirayo nthawi yomweyo adapempha fakitaleyo kuti iwasinthe, kupewa chiopsezo choti katunduyo abwezedwe chifukwa cha mavuto a khalidwe atafika ku South America (ndalama zobweza katunduyo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kuposa mtengo wa katunduyo).

3. Yankho Losinthasintha: Kugwirizana ndi "Zosowa Zaumwini" za Makasitomala Ogulitsa Makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana: ena amafuna zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa (monga zomwe zasindikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zamakampani), ena amapempha maoda ang'onoang'ono oyesera (kuti ayesere momwe msika umayankhira), ndipo ena amafuna kubwezeretsanso mwachangu (kuti athe kuthana ndi nyengo yogulitsa kwambiri). Ogulitsa a Yiwu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lawo lodziwa bwino za unyolo wogulitsa, amatha kuyankha mwachangu zosowa izi zomwe zasinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, wogula waku Europe amafuna kusintha masiketi 5,000 osindikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a tchuthi, zomwe zimafuna kutumizidwa mkati mwa masiku 10. Wothandizirayo adalumikizana ndi mafakitale atatu ogwirizana nawo, kugawa njira zopangira, kusindikiza, ndi kusoka, pomaliza pake kupereka masiku awiri pasadakhale. Ngati wogula akanayesa kupeza mafakitale okha, kungopeza imodzi yokhoza kusintha zinthu zazing'ono zikanatenga masiku 5-7, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa zachangu.

IV. Kuchepetsa Chiwopsezo: "Vavu Yotetezera" ya Malonda Odutsa Malire

Kugula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi kumaphatikizapo maulalo angapo, kuphatikizapo unyolo wogulira zinthu, ndalama, ndi zinthu zoyendera. Mavuto omwe ali muulalo uliwonsewu angayambitse kutayika. Ogwira ntchito zogula ku Yiwu, kudzera mu luso lawo laukadaulo, amamanga "khoma loteteza zoopsa" kwa ogula.

1. Kuwunika Ogulitsa: Kupewa Mavuto ndi Amalonda Osakhulupirika Popeza amalonda ambiri ali pamsika wa Yiwu, n'zosatheka kuti ochepa apereke katundu wosayenerera kapena kuchedwa kutumiza. Othandizira ogula amawongolera ubwino wa ogulitsa kudzera mu "kuwunika kwa magawo atatu": * **Kutsimikizira Zoyenerera:** Kuwunika zilolezo zamabizinesi a fakitale, zilolezo zopangira, ziyeneretso zotumizira kunja, ndi zina zotero; * **Kuwunika Mgwirizano Wakale:** Kuika patsogolo ogulitsa omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wa zaka zoposa 3 komanso osalemba mkangano; * **Kuwunika pamalo:** Kuyendera mafakitale ogwirizana nawo nthawi zonse kuti atsimikizire mphamvu zopangira ndi mulingo wowongolera. Njira yowunikayi imachepetsa chiwongola dzanja cha ogulitsa kuchokera pa avareji ya makampani ya 8% mpaka pansi pa 1%, kuletsa ogula kutayika kapena kuchedwa kutumiza chifukwa cha amalonda osakhulupirika.

2. Ndalama ndi Mapangano: Kuteteza Ufulu wa Magulu Onse Pakugula kwapadziko lonse, chitetezo cha ndalama ndi malamulo a mgwirizano ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zingawopseze. Ogula a Yiwu nthawi zambiri amathandiza ogula mwa: Kulemba mapangano okhazikika ogulira: kufotokoza momveka bwino zomwe zaperekedwa, miyezo ya khalidwe, nthawi yotumizira, njira zolipirira (monga, 30% yolipira pasadakhale + 70% yomaliza yolipira), ndi udindo wophwanya mgwirizano, kupewa mikangano yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha mawu osamveka bwino; Kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka ndalama: Ogula ena amapereka ntchito "zolipira m'malo mwa" , pomwe ogula amasamutsa malipiro kwa wothandizira, yemwe amalipira fakitale pokhapokha atatsimikizira mtundu wa katunduyo, kupewa chiopsezo chakuti "fakitale isatumize pambuyo polipira."

3. Ndondomeko ndi Kutsatira Malamulo: Kuchepetsa Zoopsa Zokhudza Kutumiza Zinthu Kumayiko Ena: Ndondomeko zotumiza zinthu kunja (monga mitengo ndi zofunikira pa satifiketi) za mayiko osiyanasiyana zimasintha nthawi zambiri. Ogula osadziwa bwino malamulowa akhoza kuletsa katundu wawo ndi misonkho. Ogulitsa zinthu ku Yiwu amatsatira mosamala malamulo otumiza zinthu kunja kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kupereka upangiri waukadaulo kwa ogula: Thandizo ndi ziphaso: monga chiphaso cha CE cha zinthu zotumizidwa ku Europe ndi chiphaso cha FDA cha zinthu zotumizidwa ku United States; Kukonza zikalata zolengeza za misonkho: kukonzekera zikalata za misonkho malinga ndi zofunikira za dziko lotumiza katundu kuti apewe kuchedwa kwa kuyang'anira misonkho chifukwa cha zikalata zosakwanira; Zidziwitso za kusintha kwa ndondomeko: ngati dziko posachedwapa lawonjezera misonkho pa mitundu ina ya katundu, wothandizirayo adzadziwitsa ogula pasadakhale ndikuthandizira kusintha mapulani ogulira (monga kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kugula kuti kuwononge ndalama).

Pomaliza: Kusankha wothandizira kugula wa Yiwu kumatanthauza kusankha "kuchita bwino komanso mtendere wamumtima".