Ngā Kaihoko Hoko o Yiwu: He aha rātou i pai ai mō ngā Kaihokohoko Rahi o te Ao?

Mei Kaihoko Hokos: He aha rātou i pai ai mō ngā kaihokohoko rarawe o te ao?

Ina hiahia tētahi kaihokohoko rarahi mai i te Middle East ki te hoko nui i ngā taonga o te whare engari e raru ana ia i ngā arai reo me te kore mōhio ki ngā hongere hoko; ina hiahia ngā kaihoko Pākehā ki te whakaiti i ngā utu mekameka tuku engari kāore e mōhio me pēhea te hono atu ki ngā wheketere o Yiwu—Ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu kei te huri hei "piriti matua" ki te whakaoti rapanga. Hei pokapū tohatoha taonga iti nui rawa atu o te ao, neke atu i te miriona kaihoko o te ao e kukume ana i a Yiwu i ia tau, engari he maha ake ngā kaihokohoko rarahi e whiriwhiri ana ki te tuku i ā rātou pakihi hoko ki ngā kaihoko o te rohe. Kei muri i tēnei manakohanga ko te uara matua kore e taea te whakakapi o ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu, me te ariā hohonu kei muri i tā rātou taurite tika i ngā hiahia rarahi o te ao.

I. Ngā "Painga Tūturu" o te Mākete Yiwu: Te "Pūtake o te Whakapono" mō ngā Kaihoko

Hei mārama ki te rongonui o ngā kaihoko, me mārama tuatahi ki ngā ira ahurei o Yiwu hei "hūpāmakete o te ao"—koinei te turanga e tū ai ngā ratonga tari, me te aukume matua e kukume ana i ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o te ao. E whakamanamana ana a Yiwu ki te neke atu i te 2 miriona momo taonga iti, e kapi ana i te 28 ngā kāwai matua tae atu ki ngā taonga whare, ngā taonga takaro, ngā whakapaipai, ngā taputapu, me ngā hua o waho. Mai i ngā taonga iti, utu tika ki ngā hua whakarite waenga-ki-teitei, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko rarahi mai i ngā whenua rerekē me ngā taumata rerekē. Ko te mea nui ake, kua hangaia he pūnaha mekameka tuku rua o te "tuku tika wheketere + tohatoha kaihokohoko": neke atu i te 100,000 ngā wheketere tautoko e whakarōpūhia ana i roto i te radius 300-kiromita, e āhei ai te nuinga o ngā taonga ki te whakaputa me te tuku i roto i te 3 rā o te tono; i te mea neke atu i te 70,000 ngā kaihokohoko i roto i te International Trade City e mahi ana hei "pūnga mekameka tuku," e whakauru tere ana i ngā kāwai taonga maha, e whakakore ana i te hiahia mō ngā kaihoko ki te whakapā atu ki ngā wheketere takitahi. Heoi, mō ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o te ao, ka taea e tēnei mākete whānui te noho hei kawenga: ka tino whakaitihia te pai o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e ngā arai reo (ko te nuinga o ngā rangatira wheketere he reo Pākehā taketake anake te reo, ā, ko ētahi kaihokohoko iti kāore he pūkenga reo ke); he marara noa te mākete (e 5 ngā rohe o te Tāone Hokohoko o te Ao, e kapi ana i te rohe katoa neke atu i te 5 miriona mita pūrua), e hiahiatia ana he wā nui ki te tātari i ngā kaiwhakarato takitahi; ā, he uaua ake te mārama ki te "utu iti rawa o te wheketere" - he maha ngā wā ka tāpirihia e ngā kaihokohoko o te rohe te 10%-20% ki te utu o mua i te wheketere, ka uaua ki ngā kaihoko o tāwāhi kāore he rauemi o te rohe te tiki i ngā whakatau tika.

I tēnei wā, ko ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu, kua mōhio ki te mākete, ka noho hei "kaihurihuri kēmu." Ehara i te mea ka taea e rātou te kimi tika i ngā wheketere, i ngā kaihokohoko rānei e tutuki ana i ā rātou hiahia, engari ka taea hoki e rātou te whakamahi i ā rātou whatunga ā-rohe kua roa e kohia ana kia whiwhi ai i ngā utu rarawe whakataetae ake, e āhei ai ngā kaihoko o te ao ki te uru tika atu ki te pokapū o te mekameka tuku me te kore e "rapu i te ngira i roto i te puranga otaota."

II. Te Whakahaere Utu: Te "Mea Ngaro Penapena Moni" mō ngā Kaihokohoko Rahi o te Ao

Mō ngā kiritaki rarawe o te ao, ko te "whakaiti utu me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga" he tono matua tonu, ā, ka whakaratohia e ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu he uara kore e taea te whakakapi i roto i tēnei taha. 1. Whakaitihia ngā Utu Hoko: Kaua e uru ki ngā Kaitakawaenga ka whiwhi utu tika mai i te wheketere Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko o te ao e toro atu ana ki Yiwu mō te wā tuatahi ka taea anake te whakapā atu ki ngā kaihokohoko i roto i te Tāone Hokohoko o te Ao (arā, "ngā kaiwhakarato tuarua"), kaua ki te hono tika atu ki ngā wheketere hanga. Hei whakarite i ngā hua, ko te tikanga ka tāpirihia e ngā kaihokohoko he 15%-30% ki te utu wheketere. Heoi, ko Yiwu Kaihoko HokoHe maha ngā tau e whai pūtake ana a s ki te mākete o te rohe, ā, he mano tini ngā wheketere hoa mahi, e kapi ana i te mekameka tuku katoa mai i ngā rauemi mata ki ngā hua kua oti. Ka taea e rātou te hono tika i ngā kaihoko ki ngā wheketere, te whiriwhiri utu rānei mō ngā kiritaki, me te whakakore i ngā takawaenga me ā rātou pikinga utu. Hei tauira, i whakamahere tētahi kaihokohoko rarahi o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti ki te hoko i te 100,000 taonga takaro kirihou. I te uiui tika, i kī ngā kaihokohoko he 12 yuan ia taonga. I muri i te tukunga i tētahi kaihoko ki te hono atu ki ngā wheketere, ko te utu whakamutunga he 8.5 yuan ia taonga, ka whakaiti i te utu mō ia hua mā te 30%. I runga i te rahinga hoko ā-tau o te 1 miriona taonga, ko te tikanga he penapena utu ā-tau neke atu i te 3.5 miriona yuan. 2. Arotau i ngā Utu Whakahaere: Whakakotahi i ngā Pūtake me te Whakaiti i ngā Ngaronga Waka. He maha ngā momo hua me ngā kaiwhakarato e uru ana ki ngā hoko rarahi o te ao. Mena ka whakahaerehia ēnei e ngā kaihoko takitahi, me tiki e rātou ngā taonga mai i ngā wheketere rerekē ka tukuna motuhake, ka hua ake he utu whakahaere nui (tērā pea ka piki ake ngā utu whakahaere mō ia taonga mā te 20%-50%) me te mōrearea nui o te marara, te ngaro rānei o ngā taonga. Ko ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu e tuku ana i ngā ratonga "whakakotahi me te tākai": ko ngā taonga mai i ngā kaiwhakarato rerekē ka whakakotahihia tuatahitia ki te whare putunga o te kaihoko, ka tirotirohia te kounga, te whakarōpūtanga, me te tākai kotahi. Kātahi, i runga i ngā hiahia o te kaihoko, ka whiriwhiria e rātou ngā tikanga whakahaere pēnei i te utanga moana, te utanga rererangi, te China-Europe Railway Express rānei. I tētahi taha, mā ngā tuku nui ka taea te whiriwhiri tahi me ngā kamupene whakahaere, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere mā te toharite o te 15%-25%; i tētahi atu taha, ka whakaitihia e te tākai ngaio ngā mate o te kawe (ina koa mō ngā taonga pakarukaru, ka whakaitihia te reiti mate mai i te 10% ki raro iho i te 1%), ka karohia ngā utu hoko tuarua nā ngā taonga pakaru. 3. Penapena i ngā utu kaimahi me te wā: Ratonga kotahi-mutu, te karo i ngā "haerenga koretake" Me utu e ngā kaihoko o te ao e haere mai ana ki Yiwu ngā utu o ngā visa, te utu rererangi, me te wāhi noho (tata ki te 5,000-20,000 RMB mō ia haerenga), ā, ko te mōhio ki te mākete me te whiriwhiri i ngā kaiwhakarato ka roa pea te 1-2 wiki. Mena he uaua ngā kāwai hua, tera pea me maha ngā haerenga. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko hoko te whakarato ratonga "hoko katoa": mai i te whakawhitiwhiti tono (te whiriwhiri i ngā kaiwhakarato i runga i ngā tauira, i ngā tawhā rānei i whakaratohia e te kaihoko), te tuku tauira (te tiki me te tuku tauira mā te kiritaki), te whai i ngā ota (te aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua o te hanga wheketere) ki te whakarite ratonga, kāore e hiahiatia he aroaro o te kaihoko mō te tukanga katoa. I kōrero tētahi kiritaki rarawe o Awherika, i muri i te tukunga o te hoko ki tētahi kaihoko, i roa te tukanga hoko, e rua wiki te roa i te tīmatanga, i whakapotoa ki te toru rā, ā, i whakaitihia te utu o te tangata me te wā neke atu i te 80%.

III. Ngā Ratonga Ā-Rohe: Te Whakatau i ngā "Wāhi Mamae me ngā Wāhi Mutu" o te Hokonga Whakawhiti-Rohe

Ko te uauatanga o te hokohoko rarawe o te ao ehara i te mea kei roto i te "kore e taea te hoko taonga," engari kei roto i te "hoko me te māia me te maeneene." Ko ngā painga ā-rohe o ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu e whakakī pai ana i te "āputa ratonga" i roto i te hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe.

1. Reo me te Ahurea: Te Whakakore i ngā Ārai Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
He reo rua, he reo maha rānei te nuinga o ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu (e kapi ana i ngā reo nui katoa pēnei i te reo Pākehā, te reo Ārapi, te reo Pāniora, me te reo Rūhia). Ehara i te mea ka taea e rātou te whakamāori tika i ngā tawhā hua me ngā tikanga ota anake, engari ka mārama hoki ki ngā ahurea pakihi o ngā whenua rerekē. Hei tauira, i te wā e kōrero ana ki ngā kiritaki o te Waenganui Rawhiti, ka aro nui rātou ki te hanga whakawhirinaki mō te wā roa; i te wā e mahi tahi ana me ngā kiritaki o Ūropi, ka aro nui rātou ki ngā taipitopito tutuki ture, kia kore ai e mārama ngā whakaaro hē i puta mai i ngā rerekētanga ahurea.
He mea nui ake, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te mahi hei "piriti ahurea": ​​hei tauira, mēnā kāore ētahi wheketere i te mōhio ki ngā tukanga ota o te ao, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te āwhina ki te whakamārama i ngā whakaritenga ota; ina he pātai a ngā kaihoko mō ngā paerewa hua Haina, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakamārama i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā paerewa o te ao (pēnei i te tiwhikete EU CE, te tiwhikete US FDA, me ētahi atu), me te whakarite kia tutuki ngā taonga i ngā whakaritenga o te whenua kawemai.

2. Tirotiro Kounga i te Papaanga: Te Whakapūmau i te Kounga me te Ārai i ngā Tautohe i Muri i te Hoko
"Ko te kore e taea te kite i te hua tuturu me te manukanuka mō ngā rerekētanga kounga" tētahi o ngā āwangawanga matua o ngā kaihoko rarawe o te ao. Ko te ratonga "tirotiro i te papaanga" e tukuna ana e ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu te mea nui ki te aro atu ki tēnei āwangawanga:
* Tirotiro kounga i mua i te hanga: I mua i te tīmatanga o te hanga, ka manatoko te kaihoko i te kounga o ngā rauemi mata (hei tauira, mēnā e tutuki ana te rauemi o ngā taonga takaro kirihou i ngā paerewa taiao) hei karo i ngā hapa puranga nā ngā take rauemi mata.
* Tirotiro tauira i roto i te mahi whakaputa: I te wā mahi whakaputa, ka toro atu te kaihoko ki te wheketere ki te tirotiro matapōkere i ngā hua (ko te tango tauira i te tere o te 5%-10%) hei whakarite kia rite te tukanga whakaputa me ngā tauira.
* Tirotiro katoa i muri i te whakaputanga: Kia oti te whakaputanga, ka tirotirohia e te kaihoko ngā hua katoa mō te āhua, te mahi, me te takai, ka tukuna he pūrongo tirotiro kounga taipitopito (tae atu ki ngā whakaahua me ngā ataata) kia taea ai e ngā kaihoko te "kite mā rātou anō" mai i tawhiti.
* I tētahi wā, i tono te kaihoko o Amerika ki te Tonga i te kaihoko kia hoko i te 10,000 rama LED. I te wā o te tirotiro kounga, i kitea he iti iho i te paerewa te kanapa o ētahi rama. I tono tonu te kaihoko ki te wheketere kia mahi anō i aua rama, kia kore ai e whakahokia mai ngā taonga nā ngā take kounga i muri i te taenga ki Amerika ki te Tonga (ko ngā utu whakahoki mai i ngā whenua rerekē he 2-3 ngā wā te nui ake o te uara o ngā taonga).

3. Whakautu Ngāwari: Te Urutau ki ngā "Hiahia Whaiaro" o ngā Kiritaki Hokomaha He maha ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki hokomaha o te ao: ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki ngā hua kua whakaritea (pērā i ngā mea kua tāia ki ngā waitohu waitohu), ko ētahi e tono ana ki ngā ota whakamātautau iti (hei whakamātautau i te urupare a te mākete ā-rohe), ā, ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki te whakakī tere (hei aro atu ki ngā wā hokohoko nui). Mā te whakamahi i tō rātou mōhio ki te mekameka tuku ā-rohe, ka taea e ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu te whakautu tere ki ēnei hiahia whaiaro. Hei tauira, i hiahia tētahi kaihoko Pākehā ki te whakarite i ngā hāte 5,000 kua tāia ki ngā tauira hararei, me tuku i roto i ngā rā 10. I hono atu te kaihoko ki ngā wheketere hoa e toru, i wehea te hoahoa, te tā, me te tuitui, ā, i te mutunga ka tukuna i ngā rā e rua i mua i te wā i whakaritea. Mēnā i ngana te kaihoko ki te kimi wheketere mā rātou ake, ko te kimi noa i tētahi e kaha ana ki te whakahaere i te whakaritenga iti ka roa pea i te 5-7 rā, ka uaua ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia tere.

IV. Te Whakaiti i te Mōrearea: He "Taupā Haumaru" mō te Hokohoko Whakawhiti-Rohe

He maha ngā hononga e pā ana ki ngā hokohoko rarawe o te ao, tae atu ki te mekameka tuku, te whakapaipai, me ngā mahi kawe. Ka taea e ngā raruraru o ēnei hononga te arahi ki ngā mate. Mā roto i ō rātou pūkenga ngaio, ka hangaia e ngā kaihoko hokohoko o Yiwu he "taiepa tiaki mōrearea" mō ngā kaihoko.

1. Te Tirotiro i ngā Kaiwhakarato: Te Karo i ngā Mahanga me ngā Kaihokohoko Kore Pūmau He maha ngā kaihokohoko i te mākete o Yiwu, kāore e kore ka tukuna e ētahi ngā taonga iti iho i te paerewa, ka whakaroa rānei i te tuku. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaihoko hoko te kounga o ngā kaiwhakarato mā te "tirotiro paparanga-toru": * **Manatoko Tohu:** Te tirotiro i ngā raihana pakihi wheketere, ngā raihana whakaputa, ngā tohu kaweake, me ētahi atu; * **Manatoko Mahi Tahi Hītori:** Te whakatairanga i ngā kaiwhakarato neke atu i te 3 tau o te mahi tahi me te kore he tuhinga tautohe; * **Tirotiro i te Papa:** Te toro atu ki ngā wheketere hoa mahi i ia wā hei whakaū i te kaha whakaputa me te taumata whakahaere. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei tikanga tirotiro te reiti taunoa a te kaiwhakarato mai i te toharite ahumahi o te 8% ki raro iho i te 1%, ka ārai i ngā kaihoko kei pāngia e ngā mate, kei whakaroa rānei i te tuku nā ngā kaihokohoko kore pūmau.

2. Ngā Pūtea me ngā Kirimana: Te Tiaki i ngā Tika o ngā Rōpū e Rua I roto i ngā hokohoko o te ao, ko te haumarutanga o ngā pūtea me ngā tikanga o te kirimana ngā tino mōrearea. Ko te tikanga, ka āwhina ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu i ngā kaihoko mā te: Te tuhi i ngā kirimana hoko paerewa: te tautuhi mārama i ngā whakatakotoranga hua, ngā paerewa kounga, te wā tuku, ngā tikanga utu (hei tauira, 30% utu i mua + 70% utu whakamutunga), me te nama mō te takahi i te kirimana, me te karo i ngā tautohe i puta mai i ngā tikanga koretake; Te aroturuki i ngā rere o te pūtea: Ka tukuna e ētahi kaihoko ngā ratonga "utu i runga i te ingoa", ka whakawhitihia e ngā kaihoko te utu ki te kaihoko, ā, ka utua e rātou te wheketere i muri i te whakaū i te kounga o ngā taonga, me te karo i te mōrearea o te "kore e tukuna e te wheketere i muri i te utu."

3. Kaupapa Here me te Whakatutukitanga: Te Whakaiti i ngā Mōrearea Kawemai: He maha ngā huringa o ngā kaupapa here kawemai (pēnei i ngā taripa me ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete) o ngā whenua rerekē. Tērā pea ka puritia ngā taonga e ngā tari tāke ki ngā kaihoko kāore i te mōhio ki ēnei kaupapa here. Ka āta tirotirohia e ngā kaihoko hoko o Yiwu ngā kaupapa here kawemai o ngā whenua rerekē, ā, ka taea e rātou te tuku tohutohu ngaio ki ngā kaihoko: Āwhina ki ngā tiwhikete: pērā i te tiwhikete CE mō ngā hua e kaweake ana ki Ūropi me te tiwhikete FDA mō ngā hua e kaweake ana ki te Hononga o Amerika; Te Arotau i ngā tuhinga whakapuakitanga tari tāke: te whakarite i ngā tuhinga tari tāke kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te whenua kawemai hei karo i ngā whakaroa tirotiro tari tāke nā te kore o ngā tuhinga i oti; Ngā whakatūpato mō ngā huringa kaupapa here: mēnā ka whakapiki ake tētahi whenua i ngā taripa mō ētahi momo taonga, ka whakamōhio te kaihoko i mua i te wā, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakarerekē i ngā mahere hoko (pēnei i te whakanui ake i te rahinga hoko hei tohatoha i ngā utu).

Whakamutunga: Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaihoko hoko i Yiwu ko te tikanga ko te whiriwhiri i te "whai hua me te rangimarie o te hinengaro".