Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo kugera ku isoko ry'i Burayi ku modoka zitwara abantu mu gihe cy'izuba muri 2025

Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo kugera ku isoko ry'i Burayi ku modoka zitwara abantu mu gihe cy'izuba muri 2025

Ku bigo bikora cyane mu kohereza ibicuruzwa by'abana mu mahanga, isoko ry'i Burayi, rifite agaciro karyo gakomeye ku baguzi ndetse n'uburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda umutekano, ritanga isoko rifite agaciro gakomeye ndetse n'irushanwa rikomeye. Nk'igicuruzwa cy'ingenzi gifitanye isano itaziguye n'umutekano w'impinja n'abana bato, amagare y'abana bahura n'ibisabwa byinshi byo kugera ku isoko, birimo icyemezo gisanzwe, kugenzura imiti, n'amabwiriza yo gushyiraho ibirango. Cyane cyane ko amabwiriza mashya yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 2025, gusobanukirwa neza amakuru ajyanye no kubahiriza amategeko byabaye ingenzi kugira ngo abaguzi b'inzobere bo mu Burayi bagubwe icyizere. Iyi ngingo isesengura mu buryo burambuye ibisabwa ku isoko ry'i Burayi, ifasha amasosiyete kubaka inzitizi zo kubahiriza amategeko no kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi.

I. Inkingi zo Kubona Isoko: Icyemezo cy'Ingoboka n'Urwego rw'Igenzura ry'Ishingiro

Amategeko agenga amagare y'ingorofani mu Burayi agizwe n'uburyo bubiri: "Amabwiriza + Amahame Ahuriweho." Icyemezo cya CE ni cyo gihamya yonyine y'uko ibicuruzwa bikwirakwizwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, gishyigikiwe n'amabwiriza n'amahame bihuriweho.

1. Icyemezo cya CE: Inzitizi idashobora gutsindwa ku kwinjira
Icyemezo cya CE si ikizamini kimwe, ahubwo ni inzira yo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bushingiye ku mabwiriza menshi y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Imodoka zitwara abantu zigomba kuzuza ibisabwa n’amabwiriza atatu y’ingenzi icyarimwe:
Amabwiriza Rusange ku Mutekano w'Ibicuruzwa (GPSD 2001/95/EC): Ni urwego rw'ibanze, rusaba ibicuruzwa kudateza ingaruka mbi zidasanzwe ku mutekano, akubiyemo ingamba zirambuye zo kugenzura ingaruka, harimo n'ibyago bya tekiniki, imiti, n'ibisanzwe.
Amabwiriza y’imashini (2006/42/EC): Yibanda ku mutekano wa mekanike y’amagare y’abagendera ku maguru, harimo imiterere n’ibisabwa mu mikorere y’ibice by’ingenzi nko gupfunyika, sisitemu zo gufunga feri, n’ibihuza.
Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’ibikinisho (2009/48/EC): Areba ibice by’igare bifite imiterere y’ibikinisho (nk’udupira tw’ibikinisho dushobora gukurwaho), ashimangira ibisabwa kugira ngo ibice bito birinde kubyimbirwa n’umutekano w’ibikoresho.
Ikigaragara ni uko icyemezo cya CE gisaba isuzuma ry’uko ibintu bihuye n’amategeko rikorwa n’Ikigo cyemewe n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (NB). Ububiko bwuzuye bw’inyandiko za tekiniki, harimo ibishushanyo mbonera by’igishushanyo, inyandiko y’ibikoresho (BOMs), raporo z’isuzuma ry’ibyago, n’amakuru y’ibizamini, bigomba gushyirwaho no kubungabungwa byibuze imyaka 10 nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa bivanwe ku isoko.

2. Amabwiriza ajyanye nayo: Kugenzura ibinyabutabire ku buryo bubiri no kurengera ibidukikije
Amabwiriza y’ubutabire mu Burayi ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’abana yinjiye mu gihe cya "microgram", aho amategeko menshi agize urusobe rukomeye:
REACH: Igenzura ibintu birenga 150 bifite impungenge zikomeye (SVHCs), harimo na ftalati esheshatu (DBP, DEHP, nibindi), bisaba ko ingano yabyo ihuriweho mu bice bishobora kuboneka iba ≤ 0.1% (1000 ppm). Igipimo ngenderwaho cya EN 17826:2025, cyasohotse muri Mata 2025, cyongera imbaraga ku rugero ntarengwa rwa ftalati zose kugeza kuri 0.1 mg/kg, bityo ikaba igera ku rwego rwo kugenzura ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu hafi ya zero.
RoHS 2.0: Igabanya ingano y'ibintu bitandatu bishobora guteza akaga, birimo lead, cadmium, na mercure, mu bice by'ikoranabuhanga bya strollers (nk'amahema y'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura byihuse). Ibisabwa ku kugabanya umuriro w'ibikoresho: Igipimo cyo gutwika ibikoresho nk'imyenda na pulasitiki kigomba kuba ≤30 mm/min. Gukoresha ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro byemewe nka TCEP na TCPP birabujijwe, kandi ingano yabyo yose hamwe igomba kuba ≤5 mg/kg.

II. Amahame y'ingenzi ya tekiniki: Isesengura ryuzuye ry'uruhererekane rwa EN 1888 (Verisiyo iheruka ya 2025)

Uruhererekane rwa EN 1888 ni rwo rwego rw'ibanze mu bya tekiniki ku modoka zijya ku isoko ry'i Burayi. EN 1888-3:2024, yasohotse muri Nyakanga 2024, igaragaza kuvugurura burundu sisitemu isanzwe. Izaba itegeko muri EU yose nyuma y'uko igihe cy'inzibacyuho kirangiye ku ya 30 Mutarama 2025.

1. Imiterere ya sisitemu isanzwe n'aho ishyirwa mu bikorwa
Uruhererekane rwa EN 1888 rukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy' "ibanze + cyihariye". Ubwoko butandukanye bw'amagare agomba kuzuza ibisabwa hamwe:
Umubare usanzwe w'ibanze w'ikoreshwa ry'ibikenewe by'ingenzi bishyigikira
EN 1888-1:2018+A1:2022 Ibisabwa Rusange kuri buri modoka zigendanwa: Urwego rw'ibanze kuri buri modoka zigendanwa
EN 1888-2:2018+A1:2022 Amagare aremereye cyane afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibiro 15-22kg. Agomba gukoreshwa hamwe na EN 1888-1
EN 1888-3:2024 Imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa Siporo zo kwiruka/kwiruka. Zigomba gukoreshwa hamwe na EN 1888-1/2 kandi zirabujijwe ku bikorwa biteje akaga nko gusiganwa ku maguru.
Ubu buryo ntibugaragaza ku buryo bweruye ko amagare y'abana akoresha amashanyarazi, n'amagare y'abana bafite ibibazo byihariye. Amasosiyete agomba kubanza gusobanura ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa byayo mbere yo gutangira gutegura uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko.

2. Amakuru y'ingenzi yo mu 2025: Ibisabwa bikomeye ku bakinnyi ba siporo
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya EN 1888-3:2024 ryuzuza icyuho mu mahame agenga umutekano ku bakinnyi ba siporo, aho amabwiriza mashya areba ahantu hashobora gutera ibyago byinshi:
Kuvugurura uburyo ubutaka bushobora kwihuta: Isuzuma ry’uburyo buhamye ubu rikubiyemo imisozi ya dogere 15 n’imiterere y’umuhanda idakora neza, kandi inguni igenamiterere ry’aho umuhanda uhagarara mu buryo butunguranye mu isuzuma ry’uburyo buhindagurika ryarushijeho gukazwa.
Kongera imbaraga mu miterere: Amapine agomba kunyura mu byiciro 5.000 byo gupima amapine, hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bishya byo gupima imbaraga. Umubare w'imyitozo n'umuvuduko wo gupima ubuso butari bwo byongereweho 30% kugira ngo byigane ko ikoreshwa igihe kirekire kandi rikabije.
Ibikoresho byo Gufunga feri n'Umutekano: Hakenewe sisitemu ebyiri zo gufunga feri, kandi ikizamini kimwe cyo gufunga feri kigomba guhagarara burundu mu masegonda 5. Hagomba gushyirwaho umugozi wo kurinda feri kugira ngo hirindwe ko hashobora gutembera mu buryo butunguranye.
Ibisabwa ku buryo imodoka igaragara neza: Ibikoresho bigarura urumuri cyane bigomba gushyirwa ku mubiri wose w'ikinyabiziga, bifite ubuso bwa cm² nibura 20, kugira ngo bigaragare neza mu mikino ya nijoro.

3. Ibintu Bisanzwe by'Ibizamini by'Ishingiro (EN 1888-1/2 Ibisabwa Bisanzwe)
Amagare yose agomba gutsinda ibizamini 16 by'ingenzi bikurikira. Kutubahiriza kimwe muri ibi bisabwa bizatuma icyemezo cy'urugendo kinanirwa:
Ikizamini cy'umutekano w'inyubako: Irinde icyuho giteje akaga cya mm 25-45 kugira ngo wirinde ko urutoki rufata; ibice bishobora gukurwaho bigomba gutsinda ibizamini 100.000 by'ihuza ry'imikorere.
Ikizamini cy'Ubudahangarwa: Gipima imiterere ine y'imikorere: ubuso butambitse, ubuhaname bwa dogere 15, guhagarara byihutirwa, n'umutwaro ntarengwa. Uburyo bwo kuzingira ntibugomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo kuzunguruka iyo bufunze.
Isuzuma rya Sisitemu yo Kubika: Umugozi w’umutekano ufite amanota atanu ugomba kwihanganira imbaraga zo gukurura za 400N mu gihe cy’amasegonda 10 udacika, kandi imbaraga zo gufungura umugozi zigomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 50-80N, bigatuma habaho umutekano no koroshya ikoreshwa.
Isuzuma ry'imiti y'ibikoresho: Ingano y'ibice bishobora kuboneka igomba kuba ≤90mg/kg, kandi ibintu 19 bishobora kwimurwa (harimo na cobalt nshya, manganese, na lithiyumu) ​​bigomba kubahiriza imipaka yashyizweho muri EN 17826:2025. Isuzuma ry'uburyo bwo gupfunyika: Nyuma yo gupfunyika inshuro 500 zikurikiranye, uburyo bwo gufunga bugomba kuguma mu mwanya wabwo neza kandi ntibugaragaze kwangirika kw'imikorere.

III. Inyigisho Ifatika yo Gukurikiza Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko: Kuva ku Inzira yo Kwemeza kugeza ku Bisobanuro byo Gutanga Ibirango

1. Isesengura ry'Inzira yo Kwemeza CE (Urugendo n'Ibintu by'ingenzi)
Uburyo bwo kwemeza ibiciro busanzwe bufata ibyumweru 4-11, bityo amasosiyete agomba gutegura mbere y'igihe kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda kw'isoko:

Icyiciro cyo Kwitegura (ibyumweru 1-2): Uzuza raporo y'isuzuma ry'ingaruka (ikubiyemo ingaruka za mekanike, imiti, n'iziterwa no kubura umwuka), tegura ingero 3-5 zigaragaza, hanyuma usobanure urutonde rw'ibintu bizamini.

Icyiciro cyo Gupima (ibyumweru 2-6): Laboratwari irangiza amasomo atatu: isuzuma ry’imiterere (gupima icyuho kiri mu kaga, isuzuma ry’umunaniro w’ibice), isuzuma ry’ihindagurika (150mm step drop, simulation ya vibration ya 5Hz), n’isuzuma ry’imiti (XRF heavy metal scanning, isuzuma rya GC-MS plasticizer).

Icyiciro cyo gusuzuma (ibyumweru 1-3): Urwego rwamenyeshejwe rugenzura niba inyandiko za tekiniki na raporo z'ibizamini bihuye. Inzego zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugenzura ibikorwa by'uruganda kugira ngo zirebe niba byujuje ibisabwa. Ikimenyetso: Ikimenyetso cya CE kigomba kuba kiri hagati ya mm 5-10 kandi kigashyirwa ku gicuruzwa no ku gipfunyika burundu. Kode y'umubiri yamenyeshejwe igomba kandi gushyirwamo.

2. Ibirango n'amabwiriza: Ibisobanuro by'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko byirengagijwe cyane
Nk’uko raporo ya EU CASP 2024 ibigaragaza, 100% by’ibicuruzwa by’ingendo by’abana byahaniwe ibibazo byo gushyiramo ibirango. Abakora amakamyo y’abana bagomba kwibanda kuri ibi bikurikira:
Ibikubiye mu nyandiko: Icyitegererezo cy'ibicuruzwa, umubare w'ibicuruzwa/inomero y'urutonde, ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutwara, imyaka iteganyijwe (amagare y'imikino agomba kugaragaza amezi ≥ 9), amakuru y'uwakoze, ikimenyetso cya CE, na kode y'umubiri yamenyeshejwe.
Amabwiriza: Agomba kuba ari mu rurimi rwemewe rw'igihugu cyagurishijwemo kandi akubiyemo intambwe zo guteranya, imiburo y'umutekano (urugero, "Abana bagomba kwambara ingofero"), amabwiriza yo kubungabunga, n'incamake y'isuzuma ry'ibyago.
Ibisabwa byihariye byo kuburira: Amagare y'abana agomba kuba arimo amashusho nka "Nta gusiganwa ku rubura" na "Abarera abana bagomba kwambara imyenda igarura urumuri." Ayo mashusho agomba kuba nibura 15mm x 15mm.

IV. Amakosa yo kubahiriza amategeko n'ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago muri 2025

1. Umuburo w'ikosa rikabije ryo kutubahiriza amategeko
Gukoresha ibipimo mu buryo butari bwo: Kwemeza amagare y'abagendana ya siporo gusa hakurikijwe EN 1888-1 nta gupima by'inyongera kuri EN 1888-3. Ibi byagize uruhare rwa 37% by'abanduye kuva mu 2025.
Kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'imiti: Gukomeza gukoresha pulasitiki gakondo nka DINP udakoresheje ubundi buryo bujyanye n'amategeko nka ATBC na DINCH bituma ibizamini bya EN 17826:2025 binanirana.
Amakuru abura ku birango: Amabwiriza nta nimero z'amatsinda cyangwa ntari mu rurimi rw'iwabo. Ibibazo nk'ibi bigaragazwa kugeza kuri 64% by'igenzura ry'imipaka y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

2. Ibisubizo by'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko Bishingiye ku Mikorere
Ingamba zo Gushushanya: Kwirinda icyuho gishobora guteza akaga mu gihe cyo gushushanya CAD, guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo byemejwe na REACH, no gutanga ahantu ho gushyira ibikoresho bigarura urumuri ku ngobyi za siporo.
Kugenzura Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa: Gusaba abatanga ibikoresho fatizo gutanga amatangazo ya SVHC no gukora isuzuma ryihuse rya XRF kuri buri gice cy'ibikoresho kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byihishe. Gukurikirana mu buryo buhamye amakuru agezweho: Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kumenyesha amahame ya CEN, hibandwa ku ivugurura rya EN 1888. Witondere cyane impinduka ku mipaka y'ibinyabutabire mu 2025.
Ubufatanye n'Ibipimo by'Ubwinshi: Hitamo laboratwari zifite ubushobozi bwo gupima imashini n'isesengura ry'imiti kugira ngo zigabanye ibihe byo gupima no kwemeza ko amakuru ahuye.

V. Icyerekezo cy'isoko ry'i Burayi n'ibibazo by'ingenzi by'abaguzi

Abaguzi b'inzobere bo mu Burayi bahereye ku kwibanda gusa ku kubahiriza amategeko kugeza ku isuzuma ryimbitse ry' "kubahiriza amategeko + ireme + gukomeza kubaho" mu guhitamo abatanga ibicuruzwa:

Kureba Imikorere y'Umutekano: Abaguzi benshi bakenera videwo zo gupima z'abandi na raporo z'amakuru arambuye, aho gusaba ibyemezo gusa.

Ibintu bikunda kurengera ibidukikije: Ibipimo by'ibidukikije nk'ijanisha rya pulasitiki zasubiwemo n'ikoreshwa ry'irangi rishingiye ku mazi byabaye ibibazo by'ingenzi, ndetse bamwe mu baguzi bo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba basaba raporo z'ibiciro bya karuboni.

Ibisabwa mu buryo bwo guhuza n'imikorere: Moderi zoroshye zishobora gupfunyika zo mu mijyi n'imodoka zo mu misozi yose zikoreshwa hanze zigomba kuba zujuje ibipimo bitandukanye. Ibicuruzwa bifite aho biherereye byihariye bishobora gutuma abantu batumiza.

Umwanzuro: Kubaka icyizere ukurikije amategeko, tsindira amabwiriza ukoresheje ubuhanga

Mu 2025, igipimo cy’amategeko ku isoko ry’imodoka zo mu Burayi zo mu bwoko bwa strollers cyazamuwe mu buryo bwose. Gushyira mu bikorwa EN 1888-3:2024 na EN 17826:2025 bitanga imbogamizi n’amahirwe yo gutandukanya isoko. Ku baguzi b’inzobere, ubushobozi bwo kubahiriza amategeko bungana neza no kwizerana kw’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho.