Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokufikelela kwiMarike yaseYurophu yeeStrollers ngo-2025

Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokufikelela kwiMarike yaseYurophu yeeStrollers ngo-2025

Kwiinkampani ezibandakanyeka kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kweemveliso zabantwana kwamanye amazwe, imakethi yaseYurophu, enexabiso layo eliphambili labathengi kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ezingqongqo, inika zombini imakethi enexabiso eliphezulu kunye nokhuphiswano oluphezulu. Njengemveliso ephambili enxulumene ngqo nokhuseleko lweentsana nabantwana abancinci, ii-strollers bajongene neemfuno ezininzi zokufikelela kwimarike, kuquka isiqinisekiso esisemgangathweni, ulawulo lweekhemikhali, kunye nemigaqo yokulebhelisha. Ingakumbi ngokuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kwemigangatho emitsha ngo-2025, ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo iinkcukacha zokuthobela imithetho kube yinto ebalulekileyo ekuzuzeni ukuthenjwa kwabathengi abaziingcali baseYurophu. Eli nqaku lihlalutya ngokucwangcisiweyo iimfuno eziphambili zemarike yaseYurophu, linceda iinkampani ukuba zakhe imiqobo yokuthobela imithetho kwaye zikhuthaze ukuguqulwa kophando.

I. Amanqanaba okufikelela kwiMarike: Isiqinisekiso esinyanzelekileyo kunye neSakhelo soLawulo oluPhambili

Ulawulo lwaseYurophu lwee-strollers lunenkqubo enamanqanaba amabini: "Imiyalelo + Imigangatho Ehambelanayo." Isatifikethi se-CE sisiqinisekiso sokuphela kokujikeleza ngokusemthethweni kweemveliso, esixhaswa yimiqathango edibeneyo yeeseti ezininzi zemigaqo nemigangatho.

1. Isiqinisekiso se-CE: Umqobo ongenakunqotshwa ekungeneni
Isatifikethi se-CE asilovavanyo olunye, kodwa yinkqubo yovavanyo lokuhambelana nemithetho esekelwe kwimiyalelo emininzi ye-EU. Ii-strollers kufuneka ngaxeshanye zihlangabezane neemfuno zemiyalelo emithathu ephambili:
Imiyalelo yoKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele (GPSD 2001/95/EC): Isebenza njengesakhelo esisisiseko, esifuna ukuba iimveliso zingabonisi mingcipheko yokhuseleko engafanelekanga, equka amanyathelo apheleleyo okulawula iingozi, kuquka iingozi zoomatshini, iikhemikhali kunye nezomzimba.
Imiyalelo yoMatshini (2006/42/EC): Igxile kukhuseleko loomatshini bee-strollers, kuquka uyilo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana neendlela zokugoba, iinkqubo zokuqhobosha, kunye nezihlanganisi.
Imiyalelo yoKhuseleko lweeToy (2009/48/EC): Ijolise kwizixhobo zestroller ezineempawu zetoy (ezifana neependants zetoy ezinokususwa), ukuqinisa iimfuno zokuthintela ukukrwitshwa kweendawo ezincinci kunye nokhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo.
Okuphawulekayo kukuba, isiqinisekiso se-CE sifuna uvavanyo lokuhambelana oluqhutywa yi-EU-recognised Notified Body (NB). Indawo yokugcina amaxwebhu obuchwephesha epheleleyo, kuquka imizobo yoyilo, ibhili yezinto (ii-BOM), iingxelo zovavanyo lomngcipheko, kunye nedatha yovavanyo, kufuneka imiselwe kwaye igcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba imveliso irhoxisiwe kwimarike.

2. Imithetho Enxulumeneyo: Ulawulo Oluphindwe Kabini lweeKhemikhali kunye noKhuselo lweNdalo
Imithetho yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali yaseYurophu kwiimveliso zabantwana ingenile kwixesha "lenqanaba le-microgram", apho imithetho emininzi yenza uthungelwano oluqinileyo:
I-REACH: Ilawula izinto ezingaphezu kwe-150 ezixhalabisa kakhulu (ii-SVHC), kuquka ii-phthalates ezintandathu (i-DBP, i-DEHP, njl.njl.), nto leyo efuna ukuba uxinaniso lwazo oludibeneyo kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo lube yi-≤ 0.1% (1000 ppm). Umgangatho we-EN 17826:2025, owakhutshwa ngo-Epreli 2025, uqinisa umda wee-phthalates ezipheleleyo ukuya kwi-0.1 mg/kg, nto leyo efikelela kulawulo lokunyamezela oluphantse lube yi-zero.
I-RoHS 2.0: Inciphisa umxholo wezinto ezintandathu eziyingozi, kuquka i-lead, i-cadmium, kunye ne-mercury, kwiindawo ze-elektroniki zee-strollers (ezifana nee-awnings zombane kunye neemodyuli zokujonga ezikrelekrele). Iimfuno zokurhoxiswa komlilo wezinto: Izinga lokutsha kwezinto ezifana neempahla kunye neeplastiki kufuneka libe yi-≤30 mm/min. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithintela umlilo ezilinganiselweyo ezifana ne-TCEP kunye ne-TCPP akuvumelekanga, kwaye isixa sazo sisonke kufuneka sibe yi-≤5 mg/kg.

II. Imigangatho yoBugcisa ePhambili: Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe-EN 1888 Series (uHlelo lwamva nje luka-2025)

Uthotho lwe-EN 1888 lusisiseko sobugcisa esiphambili see-strollers ezingena kwimarike yaseYurophu. I-EN 1888-3:2024, eyakhutshwa ngoJulayi 2024, iphawula ukuphuculwa okubanzi kwenkqubo esemgangathweni. Iya kuba yimfuneko kulo lonke i-EU emva kokuba ixesha lotshintsho liphelile ngoJanuwari 30, 2025.

1. Ulwakhiwo lweNkqubo eQhelekileyo kunye noMda woSetyenziso
Uthotho lwe-EN 1888 lusebenzisa uyilo oluqhelekileyo "olusisiseko + olukhethekileyo". Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-strollers kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezifanayo xa zidibene:
Inombolo Eqhelekileyo Ububanzi Besicelo Iimfuno Eziphambili Zokuxhasa
EN 1888-1:2018+A1:2022 Iimfuneko eziQhelekileyo zazo zonke iiStroller: Isakhelo esiSiseko sazo zonke iiStroller
EN 1888-2:2018+A1:2022 Iistrollers ezithwala ubunzima obungaphezulu kobunzima ezinomthwalo oyi-15-22kg. Kufuneka zisetyenziswe kunye ne-EN 1888-1
EN 1888-3:2024 Iistrollers zeMidlalo zokubaleka/ukubaleka. Kufuneka zisetyenziswe kunye ne-EN 1888-1/2 kwaye azivumelekanga kwimisebenzi enobungozi obukhulu efana nokutyibiliza.
Le nkqubo ayizibandakanyi ngokucacileyo ii-strollers zokudlala, ii-strollers eziqhutywa ngombane, kunye nee-strollers zabantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Iinkampani kufuneka ziqale zicacise udidi lwemveliso yazo ngaphambi kokuba ziqalise amalungiselelo okuthobela imithetho.

2. Uhlaziyo oluPhambili luka-2025: Iimfuno eziNgqongileyo zeeSports Strollers
Ukuphunyezwa kwe-EN 1888-3:2024 kuvala umsantsa kwimigangatho yokhuseleko lwee-strollers zemidlalo, kunye neemfuno ezintsha ezijolise kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu:
Ukuphuculwa kokuzinza komhlaba: Uvavanyo lokuzinza ngoku lugubungela amathambeka e-15-degree kunye nemiphezulu yendlela engacwangciswanga, kwaye umda we-tilt angle wokuma ngequbuliso kuvavanyo olutshintshayo uqiniswe ngakumbi.
Ukuphuculwa Kwamandla Olwakhiwo: Amavili kufuneka adlule imijikelo engama-5,000 yovavanyo lokugquma, kunye nezinto ezintsha zovavanyo lwamandla ezongeziweyo. Inani lemijikelo kunye nesantya sovavanyo olungaqhelekanga lomphezulu lonyuswe ngama-30% ukuze kulinganiswe ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide nolunzima.
Izixhobo zokuBhuleka kunye nezoKhuseleko: Kufuneka iinkqubo zokubhuleka ezimbini, kwaye uvavanyo olunye lokubhuleka kufuneka lufikelele ekumisweni ngokupheleleyo kwimizuzwana emi-5. Kufuneka kufakwe i-catering tether ukuthintela umngcipheko wokutyibilika okungalawulekiyo.
Iimfuno zokubonakala ezinyanzelekileyo: Izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kufuneka zifakwe kumzimba wonke wesithuthi, kunye nendawo yokubonakalisa ukukhanya eyi-20 cm² ubuncinci, ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala ngexesha lemidlalo yasebusuku.

3. Izinto zoVavanyo oluQhelekileyo (Iimfuno eziQhelekileyo ze-EN 1888-1/2)
Zonke ii-strollers kufuneka ziphumelele ezi mvavanyo zibalulekileyo ezili-16 zilandelayo. Ukungahlangabezani nayo nayiphi na kwezi mfuno kuya kubangela ukungaphumeleli kwesatifikethi:
Uvavanyo loKhuseleko loLwakhiwo: Ziphephe izikhewu eziyingozi ezingama-25-45mm ukuthintela ukubanjwa kweminwe; izinto ezisuswayo kufuneka ziphumelele uvavanyo loqhagamshelo olutshintshayo lwe-100,000.
Uvavanyo Lozinzo: Lugubungela iimeko ezine zokusebenza: umphezulu othe tye, ukuthambeka kwe-15-degree, ukuma okungxamisekileyo okuguquguqukayo, kunye nomthwalo ophezulu. Indlela yokugoba akufuneki ibonise naziphi na iimpawu zokujika xa itshixiwe.
Uvavanyo lweNkqubo yokuGcina: Intambo yokhuseleko enamanqaku amahlanu kufuneka imelane namandla okutsalwa angama-400N imizuzwana eli-10 ngaphandle kokuphuka, kwaye amandla okuvula amabhakede kufuneka alawulwe phakathi kwama-50-80N, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa.
Uvavanyo lweeKhemikhali zezinto: Umxholo we-lead wezinto ezifikelelekayo kufuneka ube yi-≤90mg/kg, kwaye izinto ezili-19 ezinokufuduka (kubandakanya i-cobalt, i-manganese, kunye ne-lithium eyongeziweyo) kufuneka zihambelane nemida ebekwe kwi-EN 17826:2025. Uvavanyo lweMechanism yokuGqiba: Emva kokugoba okulandelelanayo okungama-500, indlela yokutshixa kufuneka ihlale ikwindawo echanekileyo kwaye akufuneki ibonise naluphi na ukonakala kokusebenza.

III. Isikhokelo Sokuthobela Imithetho Esisebenzayo: Ukusuka Kwinkqubo Yesiqinisekiso ukuya Kwiinkcukacha Zokubhala Iilebheli

1. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwenkqubo yesatifikethi se-CE (umjikelo kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo)
Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa idla ngokuthatha iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-11, ngoko ke iinkampani kufuneka zicwangcise kwangaphambili ukuze zingalibazisi ukumaketha:

Isigaba sokulungiselela (iiveki ezi-1-2): Gcwalisa ingxelo yovavanyo lomngcipheko (equka umngcipheko woomatshini, weekhemikhali, kunye nowokuphefumla), lungiselela iiprototypes ezimeleyo ezi-3-5, kwaye uchaze uluhlu lwezinto zovavanyo.

Isigaba soVavanyo (iiveki ezi-2-6): Ilebhu igqiba iimodyuli ezintathu: uvavanyo lolwakhiwo (ukufunyanwa kwesithuba esinobungozi, uvavanyo lokudinwa kwesixhumi), uvavanyo olutshintshatshintshayo (ukuhla kwenyathelo le-150mm, ukulinganisa ukungcangcazela kwe-5Hz), kunye novavanyo lweekhemikhali (ukuskena kwesinyithi esinzima se-XRF, uvavanyo lwe-GC-MS plasticizer).

Isigaba soHlolo (iiveki ezi-1-3): Umbutho onolwazi uqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwamaxwebhu obuchwephesha kunye neengxelo zovavanyo. Amanye ama-arhente angenza uhlolo oluchanekileyo kwiinkqubo zemveliso yefektri ukuze aqinisekise ukuba ziyathotyelwa. Uphawu: Uphawu lwe-CE kufuneka lube phakathi kwe-5-10mm ngobukhulu kwaye lunamathele ngokusisigxina kwimveliso nakwiphakheji. Ikhowudi yomzimba onolwazi kufuneka iqukwe.

2. Ukubhala iilebheli kunye nemiyalelo: Iinkcukacha zokuthobela imithetho ezijongwa kakhulu
Ngokwengxelo ye-EU CASP ka-2024, i-100% yeemveliso zokuhamba zabantwana ziye zohlwaywa ngeengxaki zokulebhelisha. Abavelisi bee-strollers kufuneka bagxile koku kulandelayo:
Umxholo ofunekayo wokubhala ilebheli: Imodeli yemveliso, inani lebhetshi/le-serial, umthamo ophezulu womthwalo, uluhlu lweminyaka olucwangcisiweyo (ii-strollers zemidlalo kufuneka zichaze iinyanga ezingaphezu kwe-9), ulwazi lomenzi, uphawu lwe-CE, kunye nekhowudi yomzimba eyazisiweyo.
Imiyalelo: Kufuneka ibe ngolwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe elithengiswayo kwaye ibandakanye amanyathelo okuhlanganisa, izilumkiso zokhuseleko (umz., "Abantwana mabanxibe izigcina-ntloko"), imiyalelo yokugcinwa, kunye nesishwankathelo sovavanyo lomngcipheko.
Iimfuneko Ezikhethekileyo Zesilumkiso: Iinqwelwana zemidlalo mazibandakanye imifanekiso efana nethi "Akukho kutyibiliza eqhweni" kunye nethi "Abanakekeli mabanxibe impahla ekhanyayo." Le mifanekiso mayibe yi-15mm x 15mm ubuncinane.

IV. Iimpazamo zokuthobela imithetho kunye namaqhinga okunciphisa umngcipheko ngo-2025

1. Isilumkiso seTyala lokungathobeli imiqathango esiphindaphindwa rhoqo
Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwemigangatho: Ukuqinisekisa ii-strollers zemidlalo kuphela kwi-EN 1888-1 ngaphandle kovavanyo olongezelelweyo kwi-EN 1888-3. Oku kube yi-37% yamatyala ukusukela ngo-2025.
Ulawulo olulibazisekileyo lweekhemikhali: Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iiplastiki zemveli ezifana neDINP ngaphandle kokutshintshela kwezinye iindlela ezihambelanayo ezifana ne-ATBC kunye ne-DINCH kubangela ukungaphumeleli kovavanyo lwe-EN 17826:2025.
Ulwazi olungekhoyo malunga nokulebhelishwa: Imiyalelo ayinazo iinombolo zebhetshi okanye ayikho kulwimi lwasekuhlaleni. Ezi ngxaki zifunyanwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-64% yokuhlolwa kwemida ye-EU.

2. Izisombululo zokuthobela imithetho ezicwangcisiweyo
Ungenelelo lweSigaba soYilo: Ukuphepha izikhewu ezinobungozi ngexesha loyilo lweCAD, ukukhetha izinto ezikrwada eziqinisekiswe yi-REACH, kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zokufaka izinto ezibonakalayo kwiistroli zemidlalo.
Ulawulo lweTyathanga loNikezelo: Ukufuna ababoneleli bezinto eziluhlaza ukuba banike izibhengezo ze-SVHC kwaye benze uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwe-XRF kwibhetshi nganye yezixhobo ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi ezifihlakeleyo. Landela ngokutshintshayo uHlaziyo oluMiselweyo: Misela indlela yokulumkisa imigangatho ye-CEN, ugxile ekuhlaziyweni kothotho lwe-EN 1888. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuhlengahlengiso lwemida yeekhemikhali ngo-2025.
Intsebenziswano noVavanyo lweQela lesithathu: Khetha iilabhoratri ezineziqinisekiso zovavanyo loomatshini kunye nohlalutyo lweekhemikhali ukuze kufinyezwe imijikelo yovavanyo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba idatha iyahambelana.

V. Iindlela zeMarike yaseYurophu kunye neenkxalabo eziphambili zabathengi

Abathengi abaziingcali baseYurophu baguqukele ekugxileni kuphela ekuthobeleni imithetho ukuya kuvavanyo olupheleleyo "lokuthobela imithetho + umgangatho + uzinzo" xa bekhetha ababoneleli:

Ukubona Ukusebenza Kokhuseleko: Abathengi abaninzi bafuna iividiyo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu kunye neengxelo zedatha ezineenkcukacha, endaweni yezatifikethi zesatifikethi kuphela.

Izinto Ezikhethwayo Ezinobuhlobo Nokusingqongileyo: Izalathisi zendalo ezifana nepesenti yeeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweepeyinti ezisekelwe emanzini ziye zaba yimibuzo ephambili, abanye abathengi baseNordic bade bacela iingxelo malunga nekhabhoni.

Iimfuneko Zokuziqhelanisa Nokusebenza: Iimodeli ezigoqekayo ezilula zokuhamba ezidolophini kunye neemodeli ezisebenzisa umhlaba wonke ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ehlukeneyo. Iimveliso ezineendawo ezikhethekileyo zinamathuba amaninzi okufumana ii-odolo.

Isiphelo: Yakha ukuthembana ngokuthobela imithetho, uphumelele kwiiodolo ngobuchule

Ngowama-2025, umda wokuthobela imithetho kwimarike yee-stroller zaseYurophu uphakanyisiwe kuyo yonke ibhodi. Ukuphunyezwa kabini kwe-EN 1888-3:2024 kunye ne-EN 17826:2025 kunika umngeni kunye nethuba lokwahluka kwimarike. Kubathengi abaziingcali, amandla okuthobela imithetho afana ngokuthe ngqo nokuthembeka kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla.