Nekuwedzera kwekuzara kwevanhu pazviteshi zveWest Coast, mabhizinesi angatarisira sei uye kuronga sei nguva yekudzivirira pakati pekusvika kwezviteshi nekutumira zvinhu mudura?

Nekuwedzera kwekuzara kwevanhu pazviteshi zveWest Coast, mabhizinesi angatarisira sei uye kuronga sei nguva yekudzivirira pakati pekusvika kwezviteshi nekutumira zvinhu mudura?

Kana huwandu hwengarava dzinotakura zvinhu dziri mumutsetse pachiteshi cheLos Angeles huchipfuura 60, uye nguva yekuchengetera makontena pachiteshi cheRotterdam ikasvika mazuva gumi nemana, "kuzara kwezviteshi" hakusisiri dambudziko renguva nenguva mukutakura zvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika, asi njodzi yakajairika yekunze. Kune vatengesi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanovimba neAmazon FBA nematura ekuchengetera zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuti vawane mawebhusaiti avo akazvimiririra, kunonoka kamwe chete kwechiteshi kunogona kutungamira ku: kusafonerwa pachiteshi, kuwedzera kaviri mari yekurenda matura, kupotsa mikana yekutengesa panguva yeBlack Friday/Cyber ​​​​Monday, uye kutotanga yambiro yekutenga zvinhu papuratifomu.

Semupi webasa anonyanya kugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose ekutumira zvinhu kuburikidza nemiganhu yenyika, Brand Empowerer, ichishandisa ruzivo rwezviuru zvevatengi, inopa mhinduro dzinoshanda dzekuderedza njodzi kune vatengesi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika - kubva "kusanganisa zvishandiso zvekunyevera" kusvika "kuronga nguva yekuchinjana" - kudzivirira kuvimba nechiteshi chimwe chete uye kumirira kunonoka, zvichideredza kukanganisa kwekuzara kwezvishandiso kuburikidza nekuronga nekukurumidza.

I. Kutanga, nzwisisai: "Kuwanda kwevanhu vanosvika pachiteshi chengarava cheWest Coast kunouraya zvakadii?"

Tisati takurukura nezvemhinduro, tinofanira kujekesa kuti kuwanda kwezviteshi zveWest Coast (zvinomiririrwa nezviteshi zveLos Angeles/Long Beach paUS West Coast nezviteshi zveRotterdam/Hamburg paEuropean West Coast) kwakaoma kupfuura kungo "svika mazuva mashoma wanonoka." Zvinokonzera "mhedzisiro yeshavishavi":

Kunonoka kwekutumira → Hwindo rekuchengetera zvinhu rakamanikidzwa: Nguva yekutanga yemazuva makumi maviri nerimwe ye "China port - Los Angeles port + FBA warehousing" inogona kusvika mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu panguva yekuzara kwezvinhu. Kana vatengesi vakagadzira zvinhu zvichienderana nehurongwa hwepakutanga, vacharasikirwa zvakananga nenguva yekuzadzikiswa kwezvinhu munguva yekutengesa yepamusoro;
Mari yekuchengetedza + mari yekudzikisa → Mari dzisingadzoreki: Port of Los Angeles inobhadharisa mari yekuchengetedza ye$150-300 pamudziyo wega wega pazuva kune midziyo inosara kwemazuva anopfuura mashanu, uye madoko ekuEurope anobhadharisa mari yekudzikisa midziyo wega wega paawa. Kuwanda kwemidziyo kunogona kuwedzera mutengo pamudziyo wega wega ne$2000-5000;
Kuwanda kwenjodzi dzekutevedzera mitemo → Kukundikana kwekuchengetedza zvinhu: Amazon FBA ine zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuti zvinhu zvigare kwenguva yakatarwa. Kana zvinhu zvikasashanda kwenguva yakatarwa nekuda kwekuzara kwenzvimbo, hazvingodiwi chete kuti pave nenguva itsva (ingangomirira kwevhiki imwe kusvika mbiri), asi kurongedza kwakakuvara kana kuti mavara asina kujeka (nekuda kwekuchengetwa kwenguva refu) zvinogona kukonzera kuongororwa kwekutevedzera mitemo, zvichikonzera kurambwa kwezvinhu zvakananga.

Chinhu chikuru chinorwadza panjodzi idzi "kusadzoreka"—vatengesi vanowanzo ziva mamiriro acho ezvinhu kana ngarava dzekutakura zvinhu dzakamira mumutsara, panguva iyoyo vanenge varasikirwa nemukana wekugadzirisa. Saka, "yambiro yekutanga" ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira kubva pakuzara kwezviteshi.

II. Yambiro Yekutanga: Mhando nhatu dzeZvishandiso Zvekuita Kuti Kuzara kweChiteshi cheWest Coast "Kuonekwe uye Kufanotaurwa"

Chinokosha pakugadzirisa kuzara kwevanhu ndechekushandura "njodzi dzekunze dzisingadzoreki" kuita "zviratidzo zvedata zvinofanotaurwa." Mhando nhatu dzinotevera dzezvishandiso zvekuyambira zvekutanga zvinozivikanwa pasi rose zvinogona kushandiswa zvakananga nevatengesi vepamuganhu pasina kuvimba nemapuratifomu emuno:

1. Mapuratifomu eData rePort Data epamutemo: Wana ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuzara kwedata
Chirevo cheUS West Coast: Maritime Exchange yeSouthern California
Iyi ndiyo puratifomu yepamutemo yekuburitsa data yezviteshi zveLos Angeles neLong Beach (inowanikwa zvakananga kubva pawebhusaiti yepamutemo), ichipa ruzivo rwechokwadi panguva chaiyo pa:

Huwandu hwengarava dzinotakura zvinhu dzakamirira pachiteshi (kusiyanisa pakati pe "kumirira kusvika pachiteshi" uye "kumirira kuburutsa zvinhu");
"Kubudirira kwekuburitsa zvinhu" mumudziyo (nhamba yeTEUs inoburitswa paawa);
Avhareji yenguva yekunonoka munguva pfupi yapfuura (semuenzaniso, "Mumazuva manomwe apfuura, ngarava dzinotakura zvinhu paPort of Los Angeles dzakamirira avhareji yemaawa zana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu kuti dziburutse zvinhu").
Muenzaniso: Kana puratifomu iyi ichiratidza kuti "kushanda zvakanaka kwekuburitsa zvinhu pane imwe terminal muPort of Long Beach kwaderera ne30%", zvakakosha kutarisira kuti purogiramu dzekutumira dzinotevera dzinogona kunonoka nemazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe.

Chirevo cheEuropean West Coast: Chiteshi cheRotterdam Dashboard
Dashboard yepamutemo yePort of Rotterdam inopa ruzivo nezve:
"Kuwanda kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera" pachiteshi chimwe nechimwe (kana ichidarika 85%, zvinoreva nguva yakareba yekuchengetedza);
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatanidza kutakura mukati menyika (semuenzaniso, "nguva yekumirira kutamiswa kwechitima," kana ikapfuura maawa makumi mana nemasere, zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvinonetsa kutakura nekukasika mushure mekusvika pachiteshi).

2. Zvishandiso Zvakanangana neIndasitiri yeZvigadzirwa: Tevedzera njodzi dzekunonoka kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira
Flexport Ocean Timeless Index
Iyi inhamba yekutumira panguva yakatarwa yakaburitswa nepuratifomu yechitatu yekutakura zvinhu, iyo inogona kushandiswa kutarisa avhareji yemazuva ekunonoka kwe "China (Shanghai/Shenzhen) → US West Coast (Los Angeles)," pamwe nechiyero chekushanda panguva yakatarwa kwemakambani akasiyana ekutumira zvinhu (semuenzaniso, "Chiyero cheMaersk chenguva pfupi yapfuura i65%, uye COSCO i58%)," zvichibatsira vatengesi kusarudza makambani ekutumira zvinhu akavimbika.

Kambani Yekutumira Zvinhu Masisitimu Ekutevera Nguva Yechokwadi
Mawebhusaiti epamutemo emakambani makuru ekutakura zvinhu (akadai seCOSCO, Hapag-Lloyd, uye CMA CGM) ese anopa basa rekuti "real-time cargo tracking". Nekuisa nhamba yebhiri rekutakura zvinhu, unogona kuona:
Nzvimbo yengarava inotakura zvinhu pari zvino (ingave iri mumutsetse pachiteshi);
Kana nguva inofungidzirwa yekusvika (ETA) yakagadziriswa (kana ichiwanzononoka, chenjerera kuwedzera kwekuzara kwevanhu);
Basa rechiteshi chechiteshi chekuenda (kana rikapihwa kune chiteshi chine "kushanda kwakaderera kwekuburitsa zvinhu," gadzirira mamwe mapurani pachine nguva).

3. Vanopa Data reBato Rechitatu: Kuwana Zviziviso zveMaitiro eIndasitiri
Drewry World Container Index
Kambani ine mukurumbira pasi rose wekutumira data, inoburitsa vhiki rega rega "Port Congestion Reports," kusanganisira:
"Delay Index" yezviteshi zvikuru zvepasi rose (100 sekutanga, kupfuura 150 zvinoratidza kuzara kwakanyanya);
Kufanotaura kwemafambiro ekuzara kwemvura mumavhiki mana kusvika masere anotevera (semuenzaniso, "Kuzara kwemvura muchiteshi cheLos Angeles kunotarisirwa kukwira kusvika pa180 muna Mbudzi nekuda kwekuwanda kwemvura muBlack Friday").

Zviziviso Zvakagadziriswa kubva kuLocal Logistics Partners
Vanopa masevhisi vakaita seBrand Empowerer, nyanzvi muFBA logistics, vanobatanidza data rese riri pamusoro apa kuti vape vatengi "nyevero dzakagadzirwa" - semuenzaniso, "Zvinhu zvako zvinotumirwa kuPort of Los Angeles musi wa15 Gumiguru zvinotarisirwa kumirira mazuva masere kuti zviburitswe kana zvasvika; zvinokurudzirwa kuti umbomira musangano wako wewarehouse nemazuva gumi." Izvi zvinobvisa kudiwa kwekuti vatengesi vabatanidze data kubva kumapuratifomu akasiyana-siyana, zvichideredza mari yekushanda.

III. Kuronga Nekuchenjera: Nzira nhatu Dzakakosha Dzekugadzira Nguva Yekuchinja-chinja Yezvinhu Zvekushandisa "Kuenda KuWarehouse"

Chinangwa chikuru chenyevero idzi "kuronga zvinhu nekukurumidza." Nezvekuzara kwezviteshi zveWest Coast, tinokurudzira kuti vatengesi vepamuganhu vagadzire nguva inochinjika kubva muzvikamu zvitatu: "nguva, nzira, uye zvinhu zviri mudura," kudzivirira mhinduro dzinokurumidza.

1. Chinochengetedza Nguva: Verenga kutenderera kwese zvichibva pa "peak congestion + kushanduka kwekushanduka"
Vatengesi vazhinji vanoverenga nguva zvisirizvo zvichibva pa "hurongwa hwekutumira hwakajairika." Nzira chaiyo ndeye "kutenderera kwakajairika + kunonoka kwekuzara + kudzoreredzwa kwekuchinja-chinja," nefomura chaiyo:
Kutenderera kwese = Nguva yakajairika yekutumira zvinhu mugungwa + Nguva pfupi yadarika yekunonoka kwekuzara kwezviwanikwa + mazuva 3-5 ekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo + Nguva yekuchengetedza yekubvisirwa kwemitengo/yekuchengetera zvinhu

Muenzaniso unoshanda:
Kana nguva yekutumira zvinhu mugungwa kubva ku "Shenzhen Port kuenda kuLos Angeles Port" iri mazuva makumi maviri, zvichienderana nedata raDrewry, avhareji yekunonoka kuLos Angeles Port mazuva manomwe, kubvumidzwa kwemitero + FBA warehousing kunowanzotora mazuva mashanu, uye kudzoserwa kwekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo kunoverengerwa semazuva mana:
Kutenderera kwese = 20 + 7 + 4 + 5 = mazuva makumi matatu nematanhatu
Izvi zvinoreva kuti vatengesi vanofanira kuronga zvinhu zvavo zvichienderana nemazuva makumi matatu nematanhatu, kwete mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu (nguva yakajairika + kubvumidzwa kwemitero nekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo), kuti vasapotsa hwindo rekuchengetedza zvinhu nekuda kwekunonoka.

Chiyeuchidzo chikuru: Kuchengetera zvinhu muFBA kunoda kubhuka pachine nguva. Kana kuwanda kwezviteshi zvengarava kuchikonzera kunonoka kwekusvika, unofanirwa kubata mumwe wako wezvekufambisa zvinhu (akadai seBrand Empowerer) nenguva kuti uchinje nguva yekuchengetera zvinhu kuti usazosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ekuti "zvinhu zvinosvika pachiteshi asi zvisingakwanisi kupinda mudura."

2. Nzira yekubatanidza: Usavimba nechiteshi chimwe chete, chengetedza dzimwe nzira pachine nguva
Kana zviteshi zveWest Coast zvakazara, "kumirira chiteshi chimwe chete kwenguva isingaperi" hazvishande zvakanyanya pane "kuchinja nzira nenzira dzinochinjika." Mhinduro mbiri dzinotevera dzinogona kushandiswa zvakananga:

Mhinduro 1: Chinja kune "maports asina vanhu vakawanda" munzvimbo imwe chete
Semuenzaniso, kana US West Coast yakazara nevanhu, unogona kusarudza:
Seattle Port iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States (huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika 40% chete yeLos Angeles Port), uye vozotakura zvinhu kuenda kuCalifornia FBA warehouses nerori (nguva yekutakura zvinhu inguva yemazuva maviri kusvika matatu, uye mutengo wese wakaderera ne15% pane Los Angeles Port);
Chiteshi cheManzanillo muMexico (chisingabhadharwi nemimwe mitero yemuno yeUS), uko zvinhu zvinotakurwa zvichiyambuka muganhu zvichienda kuUnited States nenyika, zvakakodzera kuzvitoro zveFBA kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States (zvakadai seArizona neTexas). Mhinduro 2: Kutakurwa Kwengarava Kupfuura Nedzimwe Nzvimbo Dzegungwa Kuti Udzivise Kuzara Kwezvinhu
Kana Chiteshi cheRotterdam muEurope chakazara nevanhu, unogona kusarudza:
Chiteshi cheHamburg chiri kumabvazuva kweEurope (kana huwandu hwevanhu vari mumigwagwa hwakaderera), kana Chiteshi chePiraeus muGreece, uye zvobva zvatamisa zvinhu kumatura eFBA muGermany neFrance kuburikidza nechitima cheEuropean inland;
Chiteshi chengarava cheSavannah kana kuti Chiteshi chengarava cheNew York chiri kumabvazuva kweUnited States (kunyange zvazvo nguva yekutumira zvinhu mugungwa yakareba nemazuva 7-10 kupfuura kumadokero kwegungwa, kunonoka kwekuzara kwezvikepe kunongova chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzvitatu chekumadokero kwegungwa, zvichiita kuti kutenderera kwese kwese kuve nyore kudzora).
Rutsigiro rweBrand Empowerer: Basa redu reFBA DDP rinofukidza nzvimbo dzinopfuura makumi maviri pasi rese, zvichitibvumira kuchinja nzira yakakodzera yevatengesi zvichienderana nedata rekuzara kwevatengi panguva chaiyo, uku tichichengetedza mitemo yeDDP mukati memaitiro ese (hapana mari yakavanzwa).

3. Kugadzirisa Zvinhu Zviri Mukati: "Kugoverwa Kwematura Ekutengeserana Kunze Kwenyika" Kunoderedza Kuvimba Nezviteshi
Nzira huru ndeyekuderedza kuvimba ne "port-to-warehouse" link imwe chete uye kuwana mukana wekushandura zvinhu kuburikidza ne "overseas warehouse distribution":

Danho 1: Tumira chikamu chezvinhu zviri mudura kuenda kumatura ekune dzimwe nyika ari munyika yauri kuda kutenga pachine nguva.
Semuenzaniso, kumusika weUS, zvinhu zvisati zvazara paPort of Los Angeles, 30% yezvinhu zvinogona kutumirwa kuchitoro cheBrand Empowerer chiri kunze kwenyika muCalifornia. Kana zvinhu zvazara pachiteshi zvichikonzera kunonoka kwekuchengetedza zvinhu zveFBA, zvinhu zvinogona kuzadzwa zvakananga kubva kuchitoro chekunze kwenyika kuenda kuFBA, zvichideredza nguva yekutumira kusvika kumazuva maviri kusvika matatu.

Danho rechipiri: Chengetedza masheya ekuchengetedza zvichibva pa "sales peaks"
Kana chigadzirwa chine avhareji yehuwandu hwekutengesa hwemayuniti zana pazuva, uye zvinhu zviri mudura reFBA parizvino zviri mazana mashanu, nemazuva makumi matatu ekuzadzazve, saka chengetedzo ye "mazuva makumi matatu ekutengesa + mazuva gumi nemashanu ekuwedzera kuzara kwezviwanikwa" inodiwa, kureva, kugadzirira 100*(30+15) + 500 = 5000 mayuniti pachine nguva kudzivirira kupera kwezviwanikwa nekuda kwekuzara kwezviwanikwa.

Danho rechitatu: Shandisa "Multi-Warehouse Collaboration" kuti usiyanise njodzi
Semuenzaniso, mumusika weEurope, matura ekuchengetera zvinhu kunze kwenyika anogona kugadzirwa muGermany, UK, neFrance panguva imwe chete. Kana kuwanda kwezvinhu paPort of Rotterdam kukakanganisa tura rekuchengetera zvinhu reGerman FBA, zvinhu zvinogona kutamiswa kubva mutura rekuchengetera zvinhu kunze kwenyika reUK kudzivirira kupera kwezvinhu muEurope yese. IV. Chidzidzo Chemuenzaniso: Kuchinja kubva ku "Passive Delay" kuenda ku "Proactive Control"

Mutengesi wezvinhu zvepamba akasangana nekuzara kwevanhu paPort of Los Angeles Black Friday isati yasvika muna 2023:
Zvinhu izvi, zvaitarisirwa kusvika musi wa20 Gumiguru, zvakanonoka kusvika musi wa5 Mbudzi nekuda kwekuzara kwevanhu, zvikatadza kusvika panguva yekusangana kweFBA Black Friday;
Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemari ye$3,000 yekudzikisa mutengo wezvinhu, uye mutengesi akasangana nekushomeka kwemari panguva yeBlack Friday, achirasikirwa nemitengo inodarika $100,000.

Muna 2024, mutengesi akagadzirisa hurongwa hwake kuburikidza nemhinduro dzekuyambira nekuronga dzeBrand Empowerer:
Danho Rekunyevera Pakutanga: Vachishandisa chikuva cheMarine Exchange, vakaona kuwedzera kwekuzara kwezvikepe paPort of Los Angeles munaGunyana uye vakagadzirisa purogiramu yekutumira zvinhu mazuva gumi nemashanu pachine nguva;
Kugadziriswa kweNzira: Vakachinja kubva panzira yekutanga yechiteshi cheLos Angeles kuenda kunzira yechiteshi cheSeattle + nzira yekutamisa marori kuti vasavhare kuzara kwevanhu;
Kuronga Zvinhu Zvavo: Vakatumira 20% yezvinhu zvavo zveBlack Friday kune imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu iri kunze kwenyika muCalifornia senzira yekubatsira.
Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvakaendeswa zvakanaka kuchitoro chemidziyo musi wa15 Gumiguru, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakakwana panguva yeBlack Friday, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe40% mugore negore kwekutengesa uye pasina imwe mari yekuwedzera.

V. Mukupedzisa: Kutarisira Njodzi Ndiyo Inobatsira Kwenguva Refu Mumakwikwi muCross-Border Logistics

Kuzara kwezviteshi zvepaWest Coast hakuzoperi; zvichawedzera nguva nenguva nekuwedzera kwekutengesa uye kuchinja-chinja kwecheni yezvekutengeswa. Kune vatengesi vepamiganhu, mukana wekukwikwidzana hausi "kubheja kuti hapana kuzara kwezviteshi," asi "kuona kuti zvinhu zviri mudura zvinopinda nenguva uye zvinhu zvakagadzikana pasinei nekuzara kwezviteshi."