Ganin yadda ake samun cunkoso a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yammacin Tekun, ta yaya 'yan kasuwa za su iya hango da kuma tsara lokutan da za su rage cunkoso tsakanin isowar tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma isar da kaya a rumbunan ajiya?

Ganin yadda ake samun cunkoso a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yammacin Tekun, ta yaya 'yan kasuwa za su iya hango da kuma tsara lokutan da za su rage cunkoso tsakanin isowar tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma isar da kaya a rumbunan ajiya?

Idan adadin jiragen ruwa masu ɗaukar kaya da ke layi a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles ya wuce 60, kuma zagayowar ajiyar kwantena a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rotterdam ta tsawaita zuwa kwanaki 14, "cinkoson jiragen ruwa" ba wai wani lokaci ba ne ke kawo cikas a harkokin jigilar kayayyaki na ketare iyaka, amma dai wani haɗari ne na waje da aka saba fuskanta. Ga masu siyar da kaya na ketare da suka dogara da Amazon FBA da rumbunan ajiya na ƙasashen waje don gidajen yanar gizon su masu zaman kansu, jinkirin tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya na iya haifar da: tsallake kiran tashar jiragen ruwa, ninka farashin hayar rumbun ajiya, rasa damar tallace-tallace a lokacin Black Friday/Cyber ​​​​Litinin, har ma da haifar da gargaɗin kaya na dandamali.

A matsayinta na mai samar da sabis wanda ya ƙware a fannin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na ƙetare iyaka ta duniya, Brand Empowerer, ta hanyar amfani da ƙwarewar dubban abokan ciniki, tana samar da mafita masu amfani ga masu siyar da kaya na ƙetare iyaka - daga "haɗakar kayan aikin gargaɗi" zuwa "dabarun tsara lokaci mai ɗorewa" - guje wa dogaro da tashar jiragen ruwa ɗaya da kuma jira jinkiri ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, rage tasirin cunkoso ta hanyar tsara shirye-shirye masu inganci.

I. Da farko, ku fahimci: Yaya "halayen sarka" na cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yammacin Tekun ke da haɗari?

Kafin mu tattauna hanyoyin magance matsalar, muna buƙatar fayyace cewa cunkoson da ake samu a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yammacin Tekun (wanda tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Los Angeles/Long Beach ke wakilta a gabar tekun Yammacin Amurka da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Rotterdam/Hamburg a gabar tekun Yammacin Turai) ya fi rikitarwa fiye da kawai "zuwa 'yan kwanaki a makare." Yana haifar da "tasirin malam buɗe ido":

Jinkirin jigilar kaya → Tagar ajiya mai matsewa: Tsarin "tashar jiragen ruwa ta China - Los Angeles + FBA" na kwanaki 21 na iya tsawaita zuwa kwanaki 35 a lokacin cunkoso. Idan masu siyarwa suka shirya kaya bisa ga tsarin asali, za su rasa tagar sake cika kaya kai tsaye don lokacin tallace-tallace mafi girma;
Kuɗin ajiya + kuɗin rushewar ƙasa → Kuɗin da ba a iya sarrafawa ba: Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles tana cajin kuɗin ajiya na $150-300 a kowace akwati a kowace rana ga kwantena da suka rage fiye da kwanaki 5, kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Turai suna cajin kuɗin rushewar ƙasa da awa ɗaya. Wani lokaci na cunkoso na iya ƙara farashin kowace akwati da $2000-5000;
Haɗarin bin ƙa'idodi → Rashin nasarar adana kayan: Amazon FBA tana da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don adana kayan a kan lokaci. Idan kayayyaki suka rasa lokacin da aka tsara musu ajiya saboda cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa, ba wai kawai za a buƙaci sabon alƙawari ba (wanda zai iya jira na tsawon makonni 1-2), amma marufi da ya lalace ko lakabin da aka yi wa ɓoyayye (saboda ajiyar kayan na dogon lokaci) na iya haifar da binciken bin ƙa'idodi, wanda ke haifar da ƙin amincewa da kayan kai tsaye.

Babban abin da ke haifar da waɗannan haɗarin shine "rashin iya sarrafa su"—masu siyarwa galibi suna sanin yanayin ne kawai lokacin da jiragen ruwa ke layi a kan anka, wanda a lokacin ne suka rasa damar daidaitawa. Saboda haka, "gargaɗin farko" shine layin farko na kariya daga cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa.

II. Gargaɗi da Farko: Nau'ikan Kayan Aiki 3 Don Sanya Cunkoson Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Yammacin Tekun "A bayyane kuma Mai Hasashen"

Mabuɗin magance cunkoso shine a canza "haɗarin da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba" zuwa "siginar bayanai da za a iya hasashensu." Masu siyarwa na ƙasashen waje za su iya amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan kayan aikin gargaɗin farko guda uku waɗanda aka san su a duniya kai tsaye ba tare da dogaro da dandamalin cikin gida ba:

1. Tsarin Bayanan Tashar Jiragen Ruwa na Hukuma: Sami tushen cunkoso mafi iko
Bayani game da Yammacin Tekun Amurka: Musayar Ruwa ta Kudancin California
Wannan shine dandamalin fitar da bayanai na hukuma don tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Los Angeles da Long Beach (ana iya samunsa kai tsaye daga gidan yanar gizon hukuma), yana ba da sabuntawa a ainihin lokaci akan:

Adadin jiragen ruwa masu ɗaukar kaya da ke jira a kan anga (wanda ke bambanta tsakanin "jira zuwa wurin zama" da "jira don sauke kaya");
Tashar kwantena "ingancin sauke kaya" (adadin TEUs da aka sauke a kowace awa);
Matsakaicin lokacin jinkiri na baya-bayan nan (misali, "A cikin kwanaki 7 da suka gabata, jiragen ruwa na kaya a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Los Angeles sun jira matsakaicin awanni 126 don sauke kaya").
Misali: Idan wannan dandamali ya nuna cewa "ingancin sauke kaya a wani tasha a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Long Beach ya ragu da kashi 30%", ya zama dole a yi hasashen cewa jadawalin jigilar kaya na gaba zai iya jinkirta da kwanaki 5-7.

Bayani game da Yammacin Tekun Turai: Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rotterdam
Dashboard na hukuma na tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rotterdam yana ba da bayanai kan:
"Yawan ajiya" a kowace tasha (idan ya wuce kashi 85%, yana nuna tsawaita lokacin ajiya);
Ingancin haɗin sufuri na cikin gida (misali, "lokacin jira na jigilar jirgin ƙasa," idan ya wuce awanni 48, yana nufin cewa kayan suna da wahalar jigilar su cikin lokaci bayan isa tashar jiragen ruwa).

2. Kayan Aiki na Musamman ga Masana'antu: Bibiyar haɗarin jinkiri daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe
Fihirisar Lokaci na Flexport Ocean
Wannan ma'aunin jigilar kaya ne da wani dandamalin jigilar kaya na ɓangare na uku ya buga, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don duba matsakaicin adadin kwanakin jinkiri na "China (Shanghai/Shenzhen) → Yammacin Tekun Amurka (Los Angeles)," da kuma ƙimar aikin kamfanonin jigilar kaya daban-daban a kan lokaci (misali, "Kudin Maersk na kwanan nan akan lokaci shine 65%, kuma na COSCO shine 58%"), wanda ke taimaka wa masu siyarwa su zaɓi kamfanonin jigilar kaya masu inganci.

Tsarin Bin-sawu na Ainihin Lokaci na Kamfanin Jigilar Kaya
Shafukan yanar gizo na manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya (kamar COSCO, Hapag-Lloyd, da CMA CGM) duk suna ba da aikin "binciken kaya a ainihin lokaci". Ta hanyar shigar da lambar lissafin kaya, zaku iya duba:
Wurin da jirgin kayan yake a yanzu (ko yana layi a kan anga);
Ko an sabunta lokacin isowa (ETA) da aka kiyasta (idan akai-akai ana jinkirta shi, a yi hattara da ƙaruwar cunkoso);
Aikin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa (idan an sanya shi ga tashar da ke da "ƙarancin sauƙin sauke kaya," a shirya wasu tsare-tsare a gaba).

3. Masu Ba da Sabis na Bayanai na Wasu: Samun Faɗakarwa Kan Yanayin Masana'antu
Ma'aunin Kwantena na Drewry World
Shahararriyar kamfanin tattara bayanai na jigilar kaya a duk duniya, tana wallafa "Rahoton cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa" na mako-mako, ciki har da:
"Ma'aunin Jinkiri" ga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya (100 a matsayin tushen, sama da 150 yana nuna cunkoso mai tsanani);
Ana hasashen yanayin cunkoso na tsawon makonni 4-8 masu zuwa (misali, "Ana sa ran ma'aunin cunkoson jiragen ruwa na Los Angeles zai tashi zuwa 180 a watan Nuwamba saboda yawan kayan sawa na Black Friday").

Faɗakarwa ta Musamman daga Abokan Hulɗa na Lantarki na Gida
Masu samar da sabis kamar Brand Empowerer, waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin jigilar kayayyaki na FBA, suna haɗa duk bayanan da ke sama don samar wa abokan ciniki "faɗakarwa ta musamman" - misali, "Ana sa ran kayanku da aka aika zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles a ranar 15 ga Oktoba za su jira kwanaki 8 kafin a sauke su da isowa; ana ba da shawarar a ɗage alƙawarin rumbun ajiyar ku da kwanaki 10." Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar masu siyarwa su haɗa bayanai daga dandamali da yawa, wanda ke rage farashin aiki.

III. Tsarin Aiki Mai Kyau: Dabaru 3 Masu Muhimmanci Don Ƙirƙirar Lokacin Ajiye Kuɗi Mai Sauƙi Don Tsarin "Tashar Jiragen Ruwa Zuwa Ɗakin Ajiye Kuɗi"

Babban burin waɗannan faɗakarwa shine "tsari mai aiki tukuru." Dangane da cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yammacin Tekun, muna ba da shawarar masu siyarwa na ketare iyaka su ƙirƙiri lokacin ma'ajiyar mai sassauƙa daga girma uku: "lokaci, hanya, da kaya," don guje wa martanin amsawa.

1. Mai Ajiye Lokaci: Lissafa jimlar zagaye bisa ga "ƙololuwar cunkoso + canjin yanayi"
Masu siyarwa da yawa suna lissafin lokaci bisa kuskure bisa ga "jadawalin jigilar kaya na yau da kullun." Hanyar da ta dace ita ce "zagaye na yau da kullun + jinkirin cunkoso + jinkirin sauyawa," tare da takamaiman dabarar:
Jimlar zagayowar = Lokacin jigilar kaya na yau da kullun a teku + Matsakaicin lokacin jinkiri na cunkoso na baya-bayan nan + Sauye-sauyen kwanaki 3-5 na rashin aiki + Lokacin ajiyar kwastam/ajiyar kaya

Misali mai amfani:
Idan lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku na yau da kullun daga "Tashar Jirgin Sama ta Shenzhen zuwa Tashar Jirgin Sama ta Los Angeles" kwanaki 20 ne, a cewar bayanan Drewry, matsakaicin jinkiri na kwanan nan a Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Los Angeles kwanaki 7 ne, izinin kwastam + ajiyar FBA yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5, kuma ana ƙididdige jinkirin canja wurin zuwa kwanaki 4:
Jimlar zagaye = 20 + 7 + 4 + 5 = kwanaki 36
Wannan yana nufin masu siyarwa suna buƙatar tsara kayansu bisa ga kwanaki 36, ba kwanaki 25 ba (zagaye na yau da kullun + izinin kwastam da ajiyar kaya), don guje wa ɓacewar tagar ajiyar kaya saboda jinkiri.

Muhimmin tunatarwa: Taskar ajiyar kaya ta FBA tana buƙatar yin rajista a gaba. Idan cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa ya haifar da jinkiri a lokacin isowa, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar abokin hulɗar jigilar kaya (kamar Brand Empowerer) akan lokaci don daidaita alƙawarin ajiyar kaya don guje wa yanayin rashin jin daɗi na "kayayyaki da ke isowa tashar jiragen ruwa amma ba za su iya shiga rumbun ajiya ba."

2. Ma'ajiyar Hanya: Kada ka dogara ga tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya, ka tabbatar da wasu hanyoyi a gaba
Idan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na gabar tekun yamma suka cika, "jira har abada a tashar jiragen ruwa ɗaya" ba shi da tasiri fiye da "canza hanyoyi cikin sauƙi." Ana iya aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin mafita guda biyu kai tsaye:

Magani na 1: Canja zuwa "tashoshin da ba su da cunkoso" a yankin ɗaya
Misali, idan gabar tekun Yammacin Amurka ta cika da cunkoso, za ka iya zaɓar:
Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Seattle a arewa maso yammacin Amurka (ma'aunin cunkoso shine kashi 40% kacal na Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Los Angeles), sannan a kai kayan zuwa rumbunan ajiyar kayayyaki na California FBA ta babbar mota (lokacin sufuri yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 2-3, kuma jimillar kuɗin ya yi ƙasa da na Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Los Angeles da kashi 15%);
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Manzanillo da ke Mexico (ban da wasu harajin cikin gida na Amurka), inda ake jigilar kayayyaki ta kan iyaka zuwa Amurka ta hanyar ƙasa, wanda ya dace da rumbunan ajiya na FBA a kudu maso yammacin Amurka (kamar Arizona da Texas). Magani na 2: Sufuri na Ƙasashen Teku don Guji Cikewar Yankuna
Idan tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rotterdam a Turai ta cika da cunkoso, za ka iya zaɓar:
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Hamburg da ke gabar tekun gabashin Turai (idan ma'aunin cunkoso ya yi ƙasa), ko kuma Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Piraeus da ke Girka, sannan a kai kayan zuwa rumbunan ajiya na FBA da ke Jamus da Faransa ta hanyar layin dogo na cikin gida na Turai;
Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Savannah ko Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta New York da ke gabar tekun gabas ta Amurka (kodayake lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku ya fi tsawon kwanaki 7-10 fiye da gabar yamma, jinkirin cunkoso ya kai kashi 1/3 kawai na gabar tekun yamma, wanda hakan ya sa jimlar zagayowar ta fi dacewa).
Tallafin Ƙarfafa Alamar Kasuwanci: Sabis ɗinmu na FBA DDP ya ƙunshi tashoshin jiragen ruwa na madadin 20+ a duk duniya, yana ba mu damar canzawa zuwa hanya mafi kyau ga masu siyarwa bisa ga bayanan cunkoso na ainihin lokaci, yayin da muke kiyaye sharuɗɗan DDP a duk tsawon aikin (babu ɓoyayyun kuɗaɗen shiga).

3. Ajiye Kayayyaki: "Rarraba Ma'ajiyar Kayayyaki a Ƙasashen Waje" Mai Aiki Don Rage Dogaro da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa
Babbar dabarar ita ce a rage dogaro da hanyar haɗin "tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa rumbun ajiya" guda ɗaya da kuma cimma sassaucin kayan ajiya ta hanyar "rarraba rumbun ajiya na ƙasashen waje":

Mataki na 1: Aika wani ɓangare na kayan zuwa rumbunan ajiya na ƙasashen waje a ƙasar da aka nufa a gaba
Misali, ga kasuwar Amurka, kafin cunkoson da ke tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles, kashi 30% na kayan za a iya jigilar su zuwa rumbun ajiyar kaya na abokin hulɗar Brand Empowerer da ke ƙasashen waje a California. Idan cunkoson kaya ya haifar da jinkiri a rumbun ajiyar kaya na FBA, ana iya sake cika kayan kai tsaye daga rumbun ajiyar kaya na ƙasashen waje zuwa FBA, wanda hakan zai rage lokacin isarwa zuwa kwana 2-3.

Mataki na 2: Ajiye hannun jarin tsaro bisa ga "kololuwar tallace-tallace"
Idan wani samfuri yana da matsakaicin adadin tallace-tallace na yau da kullun na raka'a 100, kuma kayan ajiyar FBA na yanzu shine raka'a 500, tare da zagayowar sake cikawa na yau da kullun na kwanaki 30, to ana buƙatar ajiyar tsaro na "kwanaki 30 na tallace-tallace + kwanaki 15 na sake rufe cunkoso", watau, shirya raka'a 100*(30+15) + 500 = raka'a 5000 a gaba don guje wa ajiyar kaya saboda cunkoso.

Mataki na 3: Yi amfani da "Haɗin gwiwar Rumbunan Shago da Yawa" don Rarraba Hadari
Misali, a kasuwar Turai, ana iya kafa rumbunan ajiya na ƙasashen waje a Jamus, Birtaniya, da Faransa a lokaci guda. Idan cunkoso a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rotterdam ya shafi rumbunan ajiya na Jamus na FBA, ana iya canja kaya daga rumbunan ajiya na ƙasashen waje na Burtaniya don guje wa haja a faɗin Turai. IV. Nazarin Shari'a: Canzawa daga "Jiyya Mai Sauƙi" zuwa "Sarrafa Aiki"

Wani mai sayar da kayan gida a kan iyaka ya gamu da cunkoso a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles kafin ranar Juma'a ta Black Friday a 2023:
An dage kayan, waɗanda aka tsara za su iso a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, har zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba saboda cunkoso, ba tare da lokacin ganawa da FBA Black Friday ba;
Wannan ya haifar da kuɗin cire kuɗi na dala $3,000, kuma mai siyarwar ya fuskanci asarar kuɗi a lokacin Black Friday, inda ya yi asarar sama da dala $100,000 a tallace-tallace.

A shekarar 2024, mai siyarwar ya daidaita dabarunsa ta hanyar hanyoyin magance gargaɗin farko da tsare-tsare na Brand Empowerer:
Matakin Gargaɗi na Farko: Ta amfani da dandamalin Ma'aikatar Musayar Jiragen Ruwa, sun gano ƙaruwar cunkoso a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Los Angeles a watan Satumba kuma sun daidaita jadawalin jigilar kaya kwanaki 15 kafin lokacin;
Daidaita Hanya: Sun sauya daga hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles ta asali zuwa hanyar jigilar manyan motoci ta Seattle + domin guje wa cunkoso;
Tsarin Kayayyaki: Sun aika da kashi 20% na kayansu na Black Friday zuwa wani rumbun ajiya na ƙasashen waje a California a matsayin madadin su.
A ƙarshe, an yi nasarar kai kayan zuwa ma'ajiyar kayan a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, wanda ya tabbatar da isassun kaya a lokacin Black Friday, wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwar tallace-tallace da kashi 40% duk shekara ba tare da ƙarin farashi ba.

V. A ƙarshe: Gudanar da Hadari shine Ribar Gasar Na Dogon Lokaci a Harkokin Jigilar Kayayyaki na Ƙasashen Waje

Cinkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yammacin Tekun Ba zai ɓace ba; zai ƙara ƙaruwa lokaci-lokaci ne kawai idan aka samu ƙaruwar tallace-tallace da kuma canjin sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Ga masu siyar da kayayyaki a ƙasashen waje, babban fa'idar gasa ba shine "yin fare akan rashin cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa ba," a'a, "tabbatar da shigar da kayayyaki cikin rumbunan ajiya cikin lokaci da kuma ingantaccen kaya ba tare da la'akari da cunkoson ababen hawa ba."