Musika weZvitoyi zveVana weEU

I. Musika weZvitoyi zveVana weEU: Gungwa reBlue reMikana neZvipingamupinyi zveTrillion yemadhora

Semumwe wemisika yevatengi vematoyi akura pasi rose, EU ine mukana mukuru wekutengeserana nekuda kwemari yayo yakawanda inobhadharwa nemunhu wese, hurongwa hwakazara hwekuchengetwa kwevana, uye kusimbiswa kwedzidzo yevana. Sekureva kwedata kubva kuToy Industries of Europe, musika wematoyi eEU uchasvika €28 bhiriyoni muna 2024, ne online channels dzichidarika 35% uye dzichichengetedza avhareji yekukura kwegore negore kwe6%-8%. Germany, France, UK (iyo inoramba ichitevedzera mitemo yakawanda yeEU mushure meBrexit), neItaly ndidzo nyika huru dzevatengi, pamwe chete dzichipa chikamu chinopfuura 60% chemusika.

Zvisinei, mitemo yakasimba yeEU yekusvika pamusika ndiyo chipingamupinyi chikuru chekupinda. CE certification ndiyo pasipoti yekupinda mumusika weEU. EN 71 series yemitemo yematoyi inosanganisira nzvimbo gumi nembiri, dzinosanganisira hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakanika (EN 71-1), kubvira moto (EN 71-2), uye hunhu hwemakemikari (EN 71-3). Mitemo yakagadziriswa yemuganho wemakemikari we2023 inowedzera runyorwa rwesimbi dzinorema dzakarambidzwa kusvika pa19, nemiganhu yezvinhu zvakaita se lead ne cadmium yakaomesesa kanopfuura kagumi pane mitemo yepasi rose. Uyezve, EU Toy Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) inoda kuti zvigadzirwa zvibatanidze mirairo yemitauro yakawanda, mavara ekutevera, uye ruzivo rwevanopinza. Chero chigadzirwa chisingatevedzere mitemo chinotarisana nekutorwa kwemitero, faindi huru, kana kutorambidzwa musika.

II. Kuziva Zvinodiwa Nevabereki veEU: Kuchengetedzeka, Dzidzo, uye Kugara Kwemhuri Zvine Mwero

Vatengi veEU vane pfungwa dzakajeka dzekutenga, dzine zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinosarudza kukwikwidzana kwechigadzirwa:

1. Kuchengetedzwa Kutanga: Kufambira mberi kubva pa "Akakodzera" kuenda pa "Anovimbwa"

Kunetseka kwevabereki veEU nezvekuchengetedzwa kwematoyi kunosanganisira hupenyu hwese hwematoyi. Kunze kwezvinodiwa zvekutanga zvekusava nehupfu uye kusava nemipendero yakapinza, vanofarirawo zvigadzirwa zvine zvitupa zvemunharaunda zvakaita seGS (German Safety Certification) neNordic Swan (Nordic Swan Environmental Certification). Semuenzaniso, vatengi vekuGermany vanoda kubhadhara mari inodarika 20% yematoyi epamusoro akaedzwa "kuongororwa kwekuchengetedzwa kweganda." Musika weFrance unorayira kuti matoyi evana vari pasi pemakore matatu ave nechiratidzo chekudzipwa uye kuti kurongedza kugadzirwe nezvinhu zvinokurumidza kubvaruka, zvine hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira njodzi dzekuchengetedza dzine chekuita nechigero.

2. Hunhu Hwedzidzo: "Kudzidza Nekutamba" Kunova Chinhu Chinodiwa

Nekuda kwepfungwa ye "dzidzo yepamusoro," kudiwa kwematoyi eSTEAM (sainzi, tekinoroji, mainjiniya, hunyanzvi, uye masvomhu) kuri kuramba kuchikwira mumusika weEU. Data kubva muna 2024 rinoratidza kuti kutengeswa kwemarobhoti ekugadzira mapurogiramu, maseti elabhoritari yemakemikari, uye matoyi ekuvaka ejometri kwakawedzera ne42% gore rega rega. MuNetherlands, semuenzaniso, robhoti remapuranga repuzzle, rinotengeswa sesumo yezvirongwa zvevana vadiki, rakapinda muchikamu chematoyi makumi mashanu epamusoro paAmazon Netherlands mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva parakatangwa, sezvo richikodzera muchirongwa chekindergarten chemunharaunda. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Chitoyi Chedzidzos inofanira kuuya ne "gwaro rinoenderana nezera" rinoratidza zvakajeka danho rekukura kwepfungwa rinoenderana naro kudzivirira kushambadza zvakanyanya.

3. Kugara kwenguva refu: Eco-labels ndiyo inosarudza kugamuchirwa kwemusika

Zvichitungamirirwa neEU's Circular Economy Action Plan, "matoyi asina kabhoni" ave maitiro matsva. Vatengi vanokoshesa zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza zvakaita sehuni dzakasimbiswa neFSC, mapurasitiki anoora (akadai sePLA), uye machira akadzokororwa, uye havadi kurongedza zvakanyanya. Ongororo yemusika wekuSweden yakaratidza kuti 68% yevabereki vanoramba kutenga matoyi apo kurongedza kunotora anopfuura 30% yehuwandu hwechigadzirwa. Uyezve, "dhizaini inogona kudzokororwa" iri kuva maitiro matsva. "Modular building block sets" dzerudzi rweSpain dzeLudo, dzinogona kupatsanurwa uye kuunganidzwazve kuita matoyi akasiyana uye dzinogona kudzokororwa 100% kana dzaraswa, dzinotarisirwa kuona kuwedzera kwekutengesa kwe120% muSouthern Europe panosvika 2024.

III. Kusarudzwa Kwechigadzirwa Chakanaka: Tarisa Pazvikamu Zvitatu Zvine Simba Rakawanda

Zvichibva pamafambiro emusika uye mamiriro emakwikwi, zvikamu zvitatu zvezvigadzirwa zvinotevera zvinoda mari yakawanda:

1. Matoyi Ekudzidzisa Evana Vachiri Vadiki: Kubudirira Muzvikamu Zvakakamurwa

Kumusika wevacheche nevana vadiki vane makore ari pakati pe0-3, zvigadzirwa zvinokoshesa kukura kwemanzwiro uye zvinhu zvakachengeteka zvinopa makwikwi akakosha. Semuenzaniso:

"Mabhuroko eTeether eTactile" akagadzirwa nesilicone yemhando yekurapa anogona kucheneswa uye ane basa rekubvisa mazino, achizadzisa zvinodiwa nevabereki veEU;

Mabhuku ekudzidzisa emucheka ane hwema hwemafuta emiti echisikigo, apedza bvunzo dzemakemikari dzeEU REACH, anozivikanwa munyika dzisina kubereka zvakawanda dzakadai seBelgium neLuxembourg.

2. Matoyi Ekunze Anoshanda: Kudzokorora Kwekuda Kwevanhu Mushure meDenda

Sezvo nguva yekutamba kwevana veEU panze ichidzokera padanho risati rasvika denda, matoyi ekunze ari kubuda senzira yekukura.
Matende evana anopetwa zvishoma (anorema pasi pe1kg uye anoiswa mumabhurugwa emota) ari kudiwa zvikuru muGermany neAustria, uko kumisasa kwakawanda.
Zvidhori zvemvura zvine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza (zvakaita semadziva ePVC anopururuka) zvinofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza mvura zveEU Water Framework Directive uye zvine mukana wekutanga munyika dziri kumahombekombe egungwa kuSouthern Europe.

3. Kujairana netsika: Kugadzira kwenzvimbo ndiko kwakakosha

Kusiyana kwetsika mukati meEU kwakakosha, uye kusarudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemuno kunogona kuderedza mari yekudzidzisa musika:
Musika weNordic unosarudza matoyi emapuranga akareruka, anotonhorera, achinyanya kushongedza matanda matema, machena, grey, uye echisikigo, achidzivirira mavara akajeka.
Kumaodzanyemba kweEurope (Italy neSpain) kunofarira matoyi anodyidzana ane ma IP emakatuni, akagadzirirwa mutauro wemuno (semuenzaniso, Castilian Spanish, Neapolitan Italian).
Eastern Europe inonyanya kukosha pamutengo wayo, uye "matoyi anoshanda" ane mutengo uri pasi pe€50 (akadai semabhodhi ekudhirowa anogadziriswa pakukwirira) ari nyore kuwana.