Kev Lag Luam Khoom Ua Si Rau Menyuam Yaus hauv EU

I. Kev Lag Luam Khoom Ua Si Rau Menyuam Yaus hauv EU: Ib Lub Hiav Txwv Xiav ntawm Cov Caij Nyoog thiab Cov Teeb Meem uas Muaj Nqis Tshaj Lij

Ua ib lub lag luam khoom ua si uas laus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, EU muaj peev xwm ua lag luam loj heev vim nws cov nyiaj tau los ntau, kev saib xyuas menyuam yaus, thiab kev kawm ntawv rau menyuam yaus. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Toy Industries of Europe, kev lag luam khoom ua si hauv EU yuav ncav cuag € 28 billion hauv xyoo 2024, nrog rau cov channel online suav txog ntau dua 35% thiab tswj hwm qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo ntawm 6% -8%. Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis, UK (uas txuas ntxiv ua raws li ntau tus qauv EU tom qab Brexit), thiab Ltalis yog cov teb chaws siv khoom tseem ceeb, ua ke pab ntau dua 60% ntawm cov feem ntawm kev ua lag luam.

Txawm li cas los xij, EU txoj cai nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam nruj heev yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev nkag mus. Daim ntawv pov thawj CE yog daim ntawv hla tebchaws nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam EU. Cov qauv EN 71 rau cov khoom ua si npog 12 qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab (EN 71-1), kev kub hnyiab (EN 71-2), thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg (EN 71-3). Cov qauv txwv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab rau xyoo 2023 nthuav cov npe ntawm cov hlau hnyav txwv mus rau 19, nrog rau kev txwv rau cov tshuaj xws li txhuas thiab cadmium ntau dua 10 npaug ntawm cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Ntxiv mus, EU Toy Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) xav kom cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov lus qhia ntau yam, cov ntawv lo rau kev taug qab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg xa khoom. Txhua yam khoom tsis ua raws li txoj cai yuav raug ntes los ntawm kev lis kev cai, raug nplua hnyav, lossis txawm tias raug txwv tsis pub ua lag luam.

II. Kev Txhais Lus Txog Cov Kev Xav Tau ntawm Cov Niam Txiv EU: Kev Nyab Xeeb, Kev Kawm, thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg Yog Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb

Cov neeg siv khoom hauv EU muaj lub laj thawj yuav khoom meej heev, nrog rau peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov kom txiav txim siab txog kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom:

1. Kev Nyab Xeeb Ua Ntej: Kev Txhim Kho Los Ntawm "Tsim Nyog" Mus Rau "Trusted"

Cov niam txiv hauv EU txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ua si thoob plaws lub neej ntawm cov khoom ua si. Dhau li ntawm cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj cov npoo ntse, lawv kuj nyiam cov khoom uas muaj daim ntawv pov thawj hauv cheeb tsam xws li GS (German Safety Certification) thiab Nordic Swan (Nordic Swan Environmental Certification). Piv txwv li, cov neeg siv khoom German txaus siab them tus nqi ntau dua 20% rau cov khoom ua si plush uas tau dhau los ntawm "kev sim kev nyab xeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij." Kev ua lag luam Fabkis yuam kom cov khoom ua si rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua peb xyoos muaj lub cim ceeb toom txog kev phom sij ntawm kev txhaws thiab cov ntim khoom yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim rhuav tshem, zoo rau ib puag ncig kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog txiab.

2. Cov Cwj Pwm Kev Kawm: "Kev Kawm Los Ntawm Kev Ua Si" Yuav Tsum Muaj

Vim yog lub tswv yim ntawm "kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws," qhov kev thov rau cov khoom ua si STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, thiab mathematics) tseem niaj hnub nce siab hauv kev lag luam EU. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm xyoo 2024 qhia tau tias kev muag khoom ntawm cov neeg hlau programming, cov khoom siv kuaj chemistry, thiab cov khoom ua si geometric construction tau nce 42% txhua xyoo. Piv txwv li, hauv Netherlands, ib lub neeg hlau ua si ntoo, uas muag ua kev qhia txog kev programming rau menyuam yaus thaum ntxov, tau nkag mus rau 50 pawg khoom ua si saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm Amazon Netherlands hauv peb lub hlis tom qab nws tso tawm, vim nws haum rau hauv cov ntawv kawm kindergarten hauv zos. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Cov Khoom Ua Si Kawm Ntawvyuav tsum muaj ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb kom meej meej txog theem kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb kom tsis txhob muaj kev tshaj tawm ntau dhau.

3. Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Cov ntawv cim Eco txiav txim siab kev lees txais ntawm kev ua lag luam

Raws li EU txoj Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm Txog Kev Lag Luam Ib Puag Ncig (Circular Economy Action Plan), "cov khoom ua si uas tsis muaj carbon" tau dhau los ua ib qho kev hloov tshiab. Cov neeg siv khoom muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom siv uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj xws li ntoo uas tau ntawv pov thawj FSC, cov yas uas lwj tau (xws li PLA), thiab cov ntaub uas siv rov qab, thiab tsis nyiam cov khoom ntim ntau dhau. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam hauv Sweden tau qhia tias 68% ntawm cov niam txiv yuav tsis kam yuav cov khoom ua si uas cov khoom ntim muaj ntau dua 30% ntawm cov khoom. Ntxiv mus, "kev tsim khoom siv rov qab" tab tom dhau los ua ib qho kev hloov tshiab. Lub npe Spanish Ludo's "modular building block sets," uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem thiab rov sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov khoom ua si sib txawv thiab yog 100% rov ua dua tshiab thaum pov tseg, xav tias yuav pom kev muag khoom nce 120% hauv Southern Europe los ntawm 2024.

III. Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv Uas Zoo: Tsom ntsoov rau Peb Qhov Kev Ua Lag Luam Muaj Peev Xwm Ntau

Raws li kev lag luam thiab kev sib tw, peb pawg khoom hauv qab no tsim nyog rau kev nqis peev tseem ceeb:

1. Cov Khoom Ua Si Kawm Thaum Yau: Kev Tshwm Sim Hauv Segmented Scenario

Rau cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 0-3 xyoos, cov khoom uas muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev hnov ​​​​​​lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb muab kev sib tw tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li:

"Tactile Teether Blocks" ua los ntawm cov silicone kho mob yog sterilizable thiab suav nrog lub luag haujlwm teething, ua tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm EU cov niam txiv;

Cov phau ntawv kawm txog ntaub uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tau dhau qhov kev kuaj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm EU REACH, yog cov neeg nyiam nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws uas tsis muaj peev xwm yug menyuam xws li Belgium thiab Luxembourg.

2. Cov Khoom Ua Si Sab Nraud Sib Tham: Kev Rov Qab Zoo Tom Qab Muaj Kev Sib Kis Kab Mob

Thaum cov menyuam yaus EU lub sijhawm ua si sab nraum zoov rov qab mus rau qib ua ntej muaj kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb, cov khoom ua si sab nraum zoov tab tom tshwm sim los ua tus tsav tsheb loj hlob. Lub Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb:
Cov tsev pheeb suab rau menyuam yaus uas sib dua thiab muab tais tau (hnyav tsawg dua 1kg thiab haum rau hauv lub hnab nqa khoom hauv tsheb) yog qhov xav tau ntau hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees thiab Austria, qhov chaw uas muaj kev mus pw hav zoov ntau.
Cov khoom ua si dej uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj (xws li cov pas dej ua los ntawm PVC uas lwj tau) yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm EU Water Framework Directive thiab muaj qhov zoo dua hauv cov tebchaws ntug dej hiav txwv hauv Southern Europe.

3. Kev Hloov Kho Kab Lis Kev Cai: Kev Tsim Qauv Hauv Zos yog Qhov Tseem Ceeb

Kev sib txawv ntawm kab lis kev cai hauv EU yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab kev xaiv cov khoom lag luam hauv zos tuaj yeem txo cov nqi kawm txog kev ua lag luam:
Kev ua lag luam Nordic nyiam cov khoom ua si ntoo yooj yim, txias, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau cov xim dub, dawb, grey, thiab cov xim ntoo ntuj, zam cov xim ci.
Cov Tebchaws Europe Sab Qab Teb (Ltalis thiab Spain) nyiam cov khoom ua si sib tham uas muaj cov duab tas luav IPs, hloov kho rau cov lus hauv zos (piv txwv li, Castilian Spanish, Neapolitan Italian).
Cov teb chaws Europe sab hnub tuaj muab qhov tseem ceeb rau tus nqi, thiab "cov khoom ua si siv tau" uas muaj nqi qis dua € 50 (xws li cov laug cam kos duab uas kho tau qhov siab) yooj yim dua.