Isoko ry'Ibikinisho by'Abana mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi

I. Isoko ry'Ibikinisho by'Abana mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi: Inyanja y'Ubururu ifite amahirwe n'imbogamizi bya tiriyari y'amadolari

Nk’imwe mu masoko y’abaguzi b’ibikinisho byakuze cyane ku isi, EU ifite ubushobozi bwinshi mu bucuruzi bitewe n’amafaranga menshi yinjizwa ku muntu, uburyo bwo kwita ku bana busesuye, no gushyira imbaraga mu burezi bw’abana. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka muri Toy Industries of Europe, isoko ry’ibikinisho bya EU rizagera kuri miliyari 28 z’amayero mu 2024, aho imiyoboro ya interineti ingana na 35% kandi igakomeza kwiyongera ku kigero cya 6%-8% buri mwaka. Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza (bukomeje kubahiriza amahame menshi ya EU nyuma ya Brexit), n’Ubutaliyani ni ibihugu by’ingenzi mu kugura, byose hamwe bitanga hejuru ya 60% by’isoko.

Ariko, amabwiriza akaze y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi agenga uburyo bwo kugera ku isoko ni imbogamizi nyamukuru ku kwinjira. Icyemezo cya CE ni pasiporo yo kwinjira ku isoko ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Urutonde rw’amabwiriza ya EN 71 ku bikinisho rukubiyemo ibice 12 byihariye, harimo imiterere ifatika n’iy’ikoranabuhanga (EN 71-1), ubushobozi bwo gutwika (EN 71-2), n’imiterere y’ibinyabutabire (EN 71-3). Amabwiriza avuguruye y’imiti ntarengwa yo mu 2023 yongera urutonde rw’ibyuma biremereye bibujijwe kugera kuri 19, aho imbibi ku bintu nka lead na cadmium ziruta inshuro 10 amahame mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ibikinisho by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (2009/48/EC) asaba ko ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba birimo amabwiriza y’indimi nyinshi, ibimenyetso byo gukurikirana, n’amakuru y’abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Igicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose kitujuje ibisabwa gishobora gufatirwa gasutamo, gucibwa amande menshi, cyangwa se no kubuzwa ku isoko.

II. Gusobanura ibyo ababyeyi b'umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'uburayi bakeneye: umutekano, uburezi, no kurengera ibidukikije ni amagambo y'ingenzi

Abaguzi bo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bafite uburyo bwo kugura busobanutse neza, hamwe n’ibice bitatu by’ingenzi by’ingenzi bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo gupiganwa kw’ibicuruzwa:

1. Umutekano Mbere na Mbere: Iterambere kuva ku "wujuje ibisabwa" kugera ku "wizerwa"

Impungenge z'ababyeyi bo mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'uburayi ku mutekano w'ibikinisho zireba ubuzima bwose bw'ibikinisho. Uretse ibisabwa by'ibanze kugira ngo bitangiza uburozi no kutagira impande zityaye, banakunda ibicuruzwa bifite ibyemezo byo mu karere nka GS (German Safety Certification) na Nordic Swan (Nordic Swan Environmental Certification). Urugero, abaguzi b'Abadage biteguye kwishyura amafaranga arenga 20% ku bikinisho bito byakorewe "isuzuma ry'umutekano w'uruhu." Isoko ry'Ubufaransa ritegeka ko ibikinisho by'abana bari munsi y'imyaka itatu bifite ikimenyetso cyo kuburira ku kibazo cyo kubyimba no gupfunyika kandi ko ibipfunyika bigomba gukorwa mu bikoresho byoroshye gucika kandi birengera ibidukikije kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'imikasi.

2. Imiterere y'uburezi: "Kwiga binyuze mu mikino" biba ngombwa

Bitewe n'igitekerezo cy'"uburezi bw'ikirenga", icyifuzo cy'ibikinisho bya STEAM (ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, ubwubatsi, ubuhanzi, n'imibare) gikomeje kwiyongera ku isoko ry'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Amakuru yo mu 2024 agaragaza ko kugurisha robots zo gukora porogaramu, seti za laboratwari za chimie, n'ibikinisho by'ubwubatsi bya geometrike byiyongereyeho 42% uko umwaka utashye. Urugero, mu Buholandi, robots zo mu bwoko bwa puzzles z'ibiti, zamamajwe nk'intangiriro ya porogaramu z'abana bato, zinjiye mu cyiciro cy'ibikinisho 50 bya mbere kuri Amazon Netherlands mu mezi atatu nyuma yo gutangira, kuko bihuye n'amasomo yo mu mashuri y'incuke yo mu gace k'Uburayi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Igikinisho cy'uburezis igomba kuza ifite "ubuyobozi bujyanye n'imyaka" bugaragaza neza intambwe ijyanye n'iterambere ry'ubwenge kugira ngo hirindwe ko abantu barushaho kugurisha.

3. Kuramba: Ibirango by’ibidukikije bigena kwemerwa kw'isoko

Bitewe na gahunda y’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "ibikinisho bitagira karuboni" byabaye ikintu gishya. Abaguzi bashyira imbere ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu bikoresho bibungabunga ibidukikije nk'ibiti byemewe na FSC, pulasitiki ishobora kwangirika (nka PLA), n'imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, kandi banga gupfunyika cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isoko ryo muri Suwede bwagaragaje ko 68% by'ababyeyi banga kugura ibikinisho aho gupfunyika bifite ingano irenga 30% by'ingano y'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, "igishushanyo gishobora kongera gukoreshwa" kirimo kuba ikintu gishya. "Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya modular" bya Ludo byo muri Esipanye, bishobora gusenywa no kongera gushyirwamo ibikinisho bitandukanye kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa 100% iyo bijugunywe, byitezwe ko ibicuruzwa bizazamuka ku kigero cya 120% mu majyepfo y'Uburayi bitarenze 2024.

III. Guhitamo neza ibicuruzwa: Kwibanda ku bice bitatu bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru

Hashingiwe ku miterere y'isoko n'imiterere y'irushanwa, ibyiciro bitatu by'ibicuruzwa bikurikira birasaba ishoramari rinini:

1. Ibikinisho by'uburezi bw'abana bato: Iterambere mu byiciro

Ku isoko ry'impinja n'abana bato bafite hagati y'imyaka 0 na 3, ibicuruzwa bishyira imbere iterambere ry'amatwi n'ibikoresho bitekanye bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana cyane. Urugero:

"Tactile Teether Blocks" ikozwe muri silicone yo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi ishobora gusukurwa kandi ikubiyemo uburyo bwo gusohora amenyo, ihura n'ibyo ababyeyi b'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi bakeneye mu buryo butandukanye;

Ibitabo by’uburezi by’imyenda bifite impumuro nziza y’amavuta y’ingenzi y’ibimera karemano, byatsinze igeragezwa ry’ibinyabutabire bya EU REACH, birakunzwe cyane mu bihugu bitabyara cyane nk’Ububiligi na Luxembourg.

2. Ibikinisho byo hanze bihuza abantu: Gusubira inyuma kw'ibikenewe nyuma y'icyorezo

Uko igihe cyo gukinira hanze cy'abana bo mu Burayi kigenda gisubira ku rwego rwa mbere y'icyorezo, ibikinisho byo hanze birimo kugaragara nk'igitera iterambere.
Amahema yoroheje y’abana ashobora gupfunyika (apima ibiro biri munsi ya 1kg kandi ashyirwa mu modoka) arakenewe cyane mu Budage na Otirishiya, aho gukambika ari byinshi.
Ibikinisho by'amazi bitangiza ibidukikije (nk'ibidendezi bya PVC bishobora kwangirika) bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu kubungabunga amazi nk'amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi agenga amazi kandi bikagira inyungu ya mbere mu bihugu byo ku nkombe z'inyanja mu majyepfo y'u Burayi.

3. Guhuza umuco: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho utuye ni ingenzi

Itandukaniro mu mico muri EU rirakomeye, kandi guhitamo ibicuruzwa byo mu gace runaka bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kwigisha isoko:
Isoko rya Nordic rikunda ibikinisho byoroheje kandi bikonje by’ibiti, hibandwa ku mabara y’umukara, umweru, imvi n’ibiti bisanzwe, birinda amabara meza.
Uburayi bw'Amajyepfo (Ubutaliyani na Esipanye) bukunda ibikinisho birimo amashusho ya IP ashushanyije, ahujwe n'ururimi rw'iwabo (urugero: Icyesipanyoli cya Castilian, Igitaliyani cya Neapolitan).
Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba bushyira imbere agaciro k'amafaranga, kandi "ibikinisho ngiro" bifite igiciro kiri munsi ya €50 (nk'ibibaho byo gushushanya bishobora guhindurwa uburebure) biroroshye kubibona.