IMarike yamathoyizi abantwana ye-EU

I. IMarike yamathoyizi abantwana ye-EU: Ulwandle oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluyi-trillion yeedola olunamathuba kunye nemiqobo

Njengenye yeemarike zabathengi bezinto zokudlala ezivuthiweyo kwihlabathi liphela, i-EU inamandla amakhulu orhwebo ngenxa yengeniso yayo ephezulu yomntu ngamnye, inkqubo epheleleyo yokhathalelo-ntle lwabantwana, kunye nokugxininisa kwimfundo yabantwana. Ngokwedatha evela kwiToy Industries yaseYurophu, imakethi yezinto zokudlala ze-EU iya kufikelela kwi-€28 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2024, kunye neetshaneli ezikwi-intanethi ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-35% kwaye zigcina umndilili wokukhula konyaka we-6%-8%. IJamani, iFrance, i-UK (eqhubeka nokulandela imigangatho emininzi ye-EU emva kweBrexit), kunye ne-Itali ngamazwe aphambili abathengi, kunye negalelo elingaphezulu kwe-60% yesabelo semarike.

Nangona kunjalo, imithetho engqongqo yokufikelela kwimarike ye-EU ibeka umqobo ophambili ekungeneni. Isiqinisekiso se-CE yipaspoti yokungena kwimarike ye-EU. Uthotho lwemigangatho ye-EN 71 yeethoyi lugubungela iindawo ezili-12 ezithile, kubandakanya iipropati zomzimba nezoomatshini (EN 71-1), ukutsha (EN 71-2), kunye neepropati zeekhemikhali (EN 71-3). Imigangatho ehlaziyiweyo yemida yeekhemikhali yowama-2023 yandisa uluhlu lweesinyithi ezinzima ezithintelweyo ukuya kwi-19, kunye nemida yezinto ezifana ne-lead kunye ne-cadmium ngaphezulu kwe-10 engqongqo kunemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu koko, i-EU Toy Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) ifuna ukuba iimveliso zibandakanye imiyalelo yeelwimi ezininzi, iileyibhile zokulandeleka, kunye nolwazi lwabangenisi. Nayiphi na imveliso engathobeliyo ijongene nokubanjwa kwerhafu, isohlwayo esikhulu, okanye nokuvalwa kwemarike.

II. Ukuchaza Iimfuno Zabazali Be-EU: Ukhuseleko, Imfundo, kunye Nokuzinza Zizinto Eziphambili Ezingundoqo

Abathengi be-EU banengqiqo yokuthenga ecacileyo kakhulu, enemilinganiselo emithathu ebalulekileyo yemfuno egqiba ukhuphiswano lwemveliso:

1. Ukhuseleko Kuqala: Inkqubela phambili ukusuka "kwi-Qualified" ukuya "kwi-Trust"

Inkxalabo yabazali be-EU ngokhuseleko lweethoyi igubungela lonke ixesha lobomi beethoyi. Ngaphaya kweemfuno ezisisiseko zokungabi natyhefu kunye nokungabikho kwemiphetho ebukhali, bakhetha neemveliso ezineziqinisekiso zengingqi ezifana ne-GS (German Safety Certification) kunye neNordic Swan (Nordic Swan Environmental Certification). Umzekelo, abathengi baseJamani bazimisele ukuhlawula iprimiyamu engaphezulu kwe-20% yeethoyi ezithambileyo eziye zavavanywa "ukhuseleko lokunxibelelana nolusu." Imarike yaseFransi iyalela ukuba iithoyi zabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala zibe nophawu lwesilumkiso sengozi yokukrwitshwa kwaye ukupakisha kwenziwe ngezinto ezinokukrazuka lula, ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zokhuseleko ezinxulumene nezikere.

2. Iimpawu Zemfundo: "Ukufunda Ngokudlala" Kuba Yinto Eyimfuneko

Iphenjelelwa yingcamango "yemfundo yabaphezulu," imfuno yeethoyi ze-STEAM (isayensi, itekhnoloji, ubunjineli, ubugcisa, kunye nezibalo) iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwimarike ye-EU. Idatha evela ngo-2024 ibonisa ukuba ukuthengiswa kweerobhothi zokucwangcisa, iiseti zelebhu yekhemistri, kunye neethoyi zokwakha zejiyometri kunyuke nge-42% unyaka nonyaka. ENetherlands, umzekelo, irobhothi yephazili yomthi, ethengiswa njengentshayelelo kwiinkqubo zabantwana abancinci, ingene kudidi lweethoyi ezingama-50 eziphezulu kwi-Amazon Netherlands kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokuqaliswa kwayo, njengoko ihambelana nekharityhulam yasekhaya ye-kindergarten. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba Ithoyizi leMfundoKufuneka eze ne "sikhokelo sokufaneleka kweminyaka" esibonisa ngokucacileyo inqanaba lophuhliso lwengqondo elifanelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuthengiswa kakhulu.

3. Uzinzo: Iileyibhile ze-Eco zimisela ukwamkelwa kwemarike

Iqhutywa yiSicwangciso seNtshukumo se-EU se-Circular Economy, "izinto zokudlala ezingathathi cala kwikhabhoni" ziye zaba yindlela entsha. Abathengi babeka phambili iimveliso ezenziwe ngezinto ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ezifana nomthi oqinisekisiweyo yi-FSC, iiplastiki ezinokubola (ezifana ne-PLA), kunye neempahla ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye bayayichasa into yokupakishwa kakhulu. Uphando lwemarike lwaseSweden lubonise ukuba ama-68% abazali bayala ukuthenga izinto zokudlala apho ukupakisha kuthatha ngaphezulu kwama-30% omthamo wemveliso. Ngaphezu koko, "uyilo olusetyenziswa kwakhona" luba yindlela entsha. "Iiseti zebhloko zokwakha ze-modular ze-Ludo" zophawu lwaseSpain, ezinokuqhekeka kwaye ziphinde zihlanganiswe zibe ziithoyi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwakhona nge-100% xa zilahlwa, kulindeleke ukuba zibone ukunyuka kwentengiso nge-120% eMzantsi Yurophu ngo-2024.

III. Ukukhethwa kweMveliso echanekileyo: Gxila kwiiCandelo ezintathu ezinokubakho okuphezulu

Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa kwimarike kunye nemeko yokhuphiswano, ezi ndidi zintathu zemveliso zilandelayo zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu:

1. Amathoyizi okufundisa abantwana abaselula: Ukuphumelela kwiMeko eHlanganisiweyo

Kwimarike yeentsana nabantwana abancinci abaneminyaka eyi-0-3 ubudala, iimveliso ezibeka phambili uphuhliso lweemvakalelo kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zibonelela ngokhuphiswano olukhulu. Umzekelo:

"Iibhloko zeTeether eziThathiweyo" ezenziwe nge-silicone yodidi lwezonyango ziyabulala iintsholongwane kwaye ziquka umsebenzi wokubulala amazinyo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi zabazali be-EU;

Iincwadi zemfundo zelaphu ezinevumba leoyile ebalulekileyo yezityalo zendalo, emva kokuba ziphumelele uvavanyo lwekhemikhali lwe-EU REACH, zithandwa kakhulu kumazwe angachumi kangako afana neBelgium neLuxembourg.

2. Izinto Zokudlala Zangaphandle Ezisebenzisanayo: Ukubuyela Kwemfuno Emva Kobhubhane

Njengoko ixesha lokudlala labantwana be-EU ngaphandle libuyela kumanqanaba angaphambi kobhubhane, amathoyizi angaphandle ayavela njengomqhubi wokukhula.
Iitente zabantwana ezigoqekayo ezilula (ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-1kg kwaye zifakwa kwiitreki zeemoto) zifunwa kakhulu eJamani nase-Austria, apho kuxhaphake khona ukukhempisha.
Izinto zokudlala zamanzi ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo (ezifana namachibi e-PVC avuthelwayo) kufuneka zithobele iimfuno zokhuseleko lwamanzi ze-EU Water Framework Directive kwaye zibe luncedo kakhulu kumazwe angaselunxwemeni kuMzantsi Yurophu.

3. Ukuziqhelanisa neNkcubeko: Uyilo lweNdawo lubalulekile

Umahluko wenkcubeko ngaphakathi kwe-EU ubalulekile, kwaye ukukhethwa kwemveliso yendawo kunokunciphisa iindleko zemfundo yemarike:
Imarike yaseNordic ikhetha izinto zokudlala ezenziwe ngomthi ezilula nezipholileyo, ezigxile kwimibala emnyama, emhlophe, engwevu, kunye neyomthi wendalo, ziphepha imibala eqaqambileyo.
Amazwe aseMzantsi Yurophu (e-Itali naseSpain) athanda amathoyizi asebenzisanayo anee-IP zekhathuni, ezilungiselelwe ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni (umz., iSpanish saseCastilian, isiTaliyane saseNeapolitan).
IMpuma Yurophu ibeka phambili ixabiso lemali, kwaye "izinto zokudlala ezisebenzayo" ezixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-€50 (ezifana neebhodi zokuzoba ezinokulungiswa ubude) zifikeleleka lula.