Umhlahlandlela Wokuthola Isitifiketi Samathoyizi Abhalwe Ku-Amazon

Umhlahlandlela Wokuqinisekiswa Kwamathoyizi Abhalwe Ku-Amazon: Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Kokuhambisana Nemithetho Yemakethe Yomhlaba Wonke

Emakethe yamathoyizi yomhlaba wonke, i-Amazon, njengeplatifomu eyinhloko yezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele, inezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yemikhiqizo yamathoyizi. Ukuze kusizwe abakhiqizi bamathoyizi nabathengisi ukuthi babhale imikhiqizo yabo ohlwini ngempumelelo ku-Amazon,

I. Imakethe yase-US: Isitifiketi se-CPC kanye ne-ASTM F963-23 Standard
(I) Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zesitifiketi se-CPC
Isitifiketi Somkhiqizo Wezingane (CPC) siyisitifiketi esiyimpoqo esikhishwa yi-US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) semikhiqizo yezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12 ubudala. Kumelwe sikhishwe ngokusekelwe embikweni wokuhlolwa ovela elabhorethri egunyazwe yi-CPSC. Isitifiketi sihlanganisa zonke izigaba zamathoyizi ezingane, kufaka phakathi ipulasitiki, ukhuni, i-plush, kanye namathoyizi abuyela emuva kancane.
(II) Izibuyekezo Eziyinhloko ku-ASTM F963-23
Kusukela ngomhlaka-20 Ephreli 2024, i-ASTM F963-23 izothatha indawo yenguqulo yangaphambilini njengendinganiso yokuphepha kwamathoyizi e-United States. Izibuyekezo ezibalulekile zifaka:
Ukuphepha Kwamakhemikhali: Inani lama-phthalates alawulwayo likhuphuke laya kwabayisishiyagalombili, futhi imithetho yokukhululwa kwensimbi esindayo encibilikayo ivumelaniswa ne-CPSC.
Ukuphepha Komzimba: Indawo yebhethri kumele ihlale ivaliwe ngemuva kokudlula ezivivinyweni zokuxhashazwa (njengokuwa nokuchotshozwa) ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kwengane.
Amathoyizi Okuqopha: Kufakwe izimo ezintsha zokuhlola amandla okuqopha ukuze kucaciswe isivinini sokuqopha kanye nemikhawulo yamandla okuqopha.
Izidingo Zokulebula: Kudingeka amalebula okulandelela aqukethe iqoqo lokukhiqiza kanye nekhodi yefektri.
(III) Izidingo Ezikhethekile Zezigaba Ezisengozini Enkulu
Ngemikhiqizo enobungozi obukhulu njengamathoyizi aqoshiwe namabhola amanzi anobuthi, i-Amazon yengeze inqubomgomo entsha yokuthobela imithetho ngoNovemba 2024, edinga ukulethwa kwamadokhumenti alandelayo ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 2, 2025:
Umbiko Wokuhlolwa: Kumele ukhishwe yilabhorethri egunyaziwe yi-CPSC futhi umboze i-ASTM F963-23, okuqukethwe kwe-CPSIA okune-lead, izixwayiso zezingxenye ezincane, njll.
Isitifiketi se-CPC: Isitifiketi kanye nombiko wokuhlolwa kumele kuhambisane ngokuqinile nemodeli yomkhiqizo kanye nesilinganiso sobudala.

II. Imakethe ye-EU: Isitifiketi se-CE kanye namazinga e-EN71
(I) Uhlaka Oluyinhloko Lwesitifiketi se-CE
Isitifiketi se-EU CE sisekelwe ku-Toy Directive 2009/48/EC futhi sidinga ukuphumelela uchungechunge lwe-EN71 lwezivivinyo ezijwayelekile:
EN71-1: Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini nokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezincane, ukutholwa kohlangothi olubukhali, kanye nokuqina kokuthwala umthwalo.
EN71-2: Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nomlilo kwezinto; isibonelo, izinga lokusha kwamathoyizi athambile kumele libe ngu-≤30mm/s.
EN71-3: Ukuhlolwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezingu-19 ezithuthwayo (umthofu, i-cadmium, njll.), kanye nemikhawulo elungisiwe ngokusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kweminyaka.
I-EN62115: Izidingo ezengeziwe zamathoyizi kagesi, ezihlanganisa ukuphepha kwebhethri, ukusebenza kokushisa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamanje okuvuzayo.
(II) Izidingo Zokulebula kanye Nommeli Ogunyaziwe
Ulwazi lwe-EU: Igama nekheli loMmeleli Ogunyaziwe we-EU kumele kubhalwe kumkhiqizo kanye nephakheji.
Izexwayiso: Umkhiqizo kumele ubhalwe ngolimi olusemthethweni lwezwe okuthengiswa kulo. Isibonelo, "Isexwayiso: Akufanelekile ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala" kumele siboniswe ngokugqamile esibukweni esikhulu.

III. Imakethe yase-Australia: AS/NZS ISO 8124 Standard
(I) Izidingo Zokuhlolwa Okuyinhloko
Izakhiwo Zomshini Nezomzimba: Hlola izingxenye ezincane ukuze uthole ukuqina, ubukhali bomphetho, kanye namandla entwasahlobo ngokuhambisana ne-AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2023.
Ukuphepha Kwamakhemikhali: Nciphisa ukufuduka kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-lead kanye ne-mercury ngokuhambisana ne-AS/NZS ISO 8124.3:2021.
Izigaba Ezikhethekile:
Amathoyizi aqukethe amabhethri ezinkinobho: Kumelwe ahambisane nezidingo zokuvimbela ukuvuza kanye nokulebula isixwayiso ze-Consumer Product Safety Standard.
Amathoyizi amagnetic: Inkomba ye-magnetic flux kumele ibe ngu-≤50 kG² mm² ukuvimbela ingozi yokugwinya ngengozi.
(II) Imininingwane Yokulebula Nokupakisha
Ukulebula Ubudala: Khombisa ngokusobala iminyaka ehlosiwe (isib., "Kufanelekela izinyanga ezingu-36 nangaphezulu").
Isitatimende Sesexwayiso: Siqukethe izingxenye ezincane futhi kumele sibhalwe ukuthi "Ingozi Yokuchotshozwa" ngobude bombhalo obungu-≥3.2mm.

IV. Inqubo Yokuthobela Imithetho kanye Namasu Okunciphisa Ingozi
(I) Inqubo Yokuqinisekisa
Ukukhethwa Kwelabhorethri: Beka phambili amalabhorethri anezitifiketi ze-CPSC kanye ne-ISO 17025.
Ukulungiselela Isampula: Nikeza amasampula ahambisana nenguqulo yokuthengisa. Kumamodeli amaningi, bonisa noma yimuphi umehluko.
Ukuhlola Nokubika: Qedela konke ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kwamakhemikhali, kanye nogesi, ngokuvamile zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-5-7 zebhizinisi.
Ukukhishwa Kwesitifiketi: Bhala isitifiketi se-CPC noma se-CE ngokusekelwe embikweni wokuhlolwa, uqinisekise ukuphelela nokuvumelana.
(II) Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okunciphisa Ingozi
Ukuthuthukisa Umklamo: Gwema izingxenye ezincane (ububanzi obungu-≤ 31.7mm) bese usebenzisa isakhiwo segumbi lebhethri elivaliwe.
Ukulawula Izinto: Beka izinto eziyisisekelo ohlwini lokukhululwa, njengekhadibhodi ethile noma amapulasitiki aqinisekiswe yi-RoHS.
Ukuphathwa Kwamadokhumenti: Gcina imibiko yokuhlolwa, amabhili ezinto zokwakha, kanye nemidwebo yokuklama okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ukuze kube lula ukuhlola indawo ye-CPSC.
(III) Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuhlolwa Kwepulatifomu
Ukuvumelana Kokufakwa Kuhlu: Isilinganiso sobudala kanye nenombolo yemodeli ekhasini lemininingwane yomkhiqizo kumele kufane ncamashi nombiko wokuhlolwa.
Ukuthobela Imithetho Yesithombe: Layisha izithombe ezicacile zelebula lomkhiqizo, izixwayiso, kanye nelebula lokulandelela.

V. Izitayela Nezincomo Zesikhathi Esizayo
(I) Ukulandelela Okujwayelekile
I-ASTM okwamanje icwaninga ngemininingwane yokuphepha yamathoyizi ahlakaniphile nezinto ezintsha. Izinkampani zelulekwa ukuthi zibhalisele izibuyekezo ezisemthethweni ze-CEN/CPSC.
(II) Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezitifiketi Zamazwe Ngamazwe
Khetha ilabhorethri esekela "ukuhlolwa okukodwa, izitifiketi eziningi" ukuze unciphise izindleko zokuphindaphinda ze-EU CE, i-US CPC, kanye ne-Australian AS/NZS.
(III) Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Kwendawo
Yenza ngokwezifiso ulimi lwelebula kanye nokuqukethwe kwesixwayiso kwezimakethe eziqondiwe. Isibonelo, ukugqamisa "ISEXWAYISO" e-US kanye nophawu "lwe-CE" e-EU.

VI. Isiphetho
Ukuthobela imithetho yamathoyizi abhalwe ku-Amazon akuyona nje isibopho esingokomthetho kodwa futhi kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuncintisana komkhiqizo. Kusukela ekukhetheni izinto ezisetshenziswayo esigabeni sokuklama kuya ekuphathweni kwamalebula ekupheleni kwenqubo, izinkampani kumele zisungule uhlelo oluphelele lokuthobela imithetho ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zomthetho ezishintshashintshayo. Njengoba ukuthandwa kwamathoyizi ahlakaniphile nezinto eziluhlaza kukhula, amazinga okuphepha azoqhubeka nokukhula. Kungokwamukela ushintsho kuphela lapho singagcina khona intuthuko eqinile emakethe yomhlaba wonke.