He Aratohu ki te Tiwhikete mō ngā Taonga Tākaro kua Rārangihia ki Amazon

He Aratohu ki te Tiwhikete mō ngā Taonga Tākaro kua Rārangihia ki Amazon: He Tātaritanga Katoa o te Whakatutukitanga o te Mākete o te Ao

I te mākete taonga tākaro o te ao, ko Amazon, hei tūāpapa matua mō te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe, he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture mō ngā hua taonga tākaro. Hei āwhina i ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihoko taonga tākaro ki te whakarārangi angitu i ā rātou hua ki Amazon,

I. Mākete o Amerika: Tiwhikete CPC me te Paerewa ASTM F963-23
(I) Ngā Whakaritenga Matua mō te Tiwhikete CPC
Ko te CPC (Tiwhikete Hua Tamariki) he tiwhikete ā-ture i tukuna e te US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) mō ngā hua mō ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 12 tau te pakeke. Me whakaputa i runga i te pūrongo whakamātautau mai i tētahi taiwhanga kua whakamanahia e te CPSC. Ka kapi te tiwhikete i ngā momo taonga tākaro katoa a ngā tamariki, tae atu ki te kirihou, te rakau, te mea momona, me ngā taonga tākaro puhoi-whakahoki.
(II) Ngā Whakahōutanga Matua ki te ASTM F963-23
Mai i te 20 o Paenga-whāwhā, 2024, ka whakakapia e te ASTM F963-23 te putanga o mua hei paerewa haumaru taonga takaro ā-ture i te Hononga o Amerika. Ko ngā whakahoutanga matua ko:
Haumaru Matū: Kua piki ake te maha o ngā phthalates kua whakahaeretia ki te waru, ā, kua tukutahitia ngā ture whakakore i te konganuku taumaha wairewa ki te CPSC.
Haumaru ā-Tino: Me noho hiri tonu te wāhi pākahiko i muri i te whakamātautau tukino (pēnei i te maturuturunga me te kuru) hei ārai i te urunga atu a te tamaiti.
Ngā Taonga Tākaro Pūrere: Kua tāpirihia ngā tikanga whakamātautau pūngao nekeneke hou hei whakamārama i ngā rohenga tere pūrere me te pūngao nekeneke.
Ngā Whakaritenga Tapanga: Me whai tapanga aroturuki ā-ture kei roto ko te puranga whakaputa me te waehere wheketere.
(III) Ngā Whakaritenga Motuhake mō ngā Kāwai Mōrearea-Tiketike
Mō ngā hua mōrearea nui pērā i ngā taonga tākaro pere me ngā pōro wai aukume, i tāpirihia e Amazon he kaupapa here ture hou i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2024, e hiahiatia ana kia tukuna ngā tuhinga e whai ake nei i mua i te 2 o Hānuere, 2025:
Pūrongo Whakamātautau: Me tuku mai e tētahi taiwhanga kua whakamanahia e te CPSC, ā, me kapi hoki i te ASTM F963-23, te ihirangi mata CPSIA, ngā whakatūpato mō ngā wāhanga iti, me ētahi atu.
Tiwhikete CPC: Me tino ōrite te tiwhikete me te pūrongo whakamātautau ki te tauira hua me te whakatauranga tau.

II. Mākete o te EU: Tiwhikete CE me ngā Paerewa EN71
(I) Anga Matua o te Tiwhikete CE
Ko te tiwhikete EU CE e ahu mai ana i te Toy Directive 2009/48/EC, ā, me whai kia paahitia te raupapa whakamātautau paerewa EN71:
EN71-1: Whakamātautau mahi ā-tinana me ā-pūkaha, tae atu ki te wetewete i ngā wāhanga iti, te kimi i ngā taha koi, me te pumau o te pikaunga.
EN71-2: Whakamātautau ātete mura o ngā rauemi; hei tauira, me ≤30mm/s te tere mura o ngā taonga purehurehu.
EN71-3: Te whakamātautau mō ngā konganuku taumaha e 19 ka taea te heke (te mata, te cadmium, me ētahi atu), me ngā herenga kua whakarerekētia i runga i te whakarōpūtanga o te tau.
EN62115: Ngā whakaritenga tāpiri mō ngā taonga tākaro hiko, e kapi ana i te haumaru o te pākahiko, te mahi ārai wera, me te whakamātautau iahiko turuturu.
(II) Ngā Whakaritenga mō te Tapanga me te Māngai Whakamana
Ngā Mōhiohio mō te EU: Me tohu te ingoa me te wāhi noho o te Māngai Whakamanatia o te EU ki runga i te hua me te takai.
Whakatūpato: Me whai tapanga te hua i roto i te reo mana o te whenua e hokona ana. Hei tauira, me whakaatu mārama te "Whakatūpato: Kāore e tika ana mō ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 3 tau te pakeke" ki te whakaaturanga matua.

III. Mākete o Ahitereiria: Paerewa AS/NZS ISO 8124
(I) Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau Matua
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana me te Āhuatanga Ā-tinana: Whakamātauria te pakari, te koi o te taha, me te kaha o te puna o ngā wāhanga iti, kia rite ki te AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2023.
Haumaru Matū: Whakawhāitihia te hekenga o ngā konganuku taumaha pēnei i te mata me te mercury e ai ki te AS/NZS ISO 8124.3:2021.
Ngā Kāwai Motuhake:
Ngā taonga tākaro kei roto ngā pākahiko pātene: Me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ārai turuturu me te tapanga whakatūpato o te Paerewa Haumaru Hua Kaihoko.
Ngā taonga tākaro aukume: Me ≤50 kG² mm² te taupū rerenga aukume hei ārai i te mōrearea o te horomitanga tūpono.
(II) Ngā Whakatakotoranga Tapanga me te Tākai
Tapanga Tau: Me mārama te tau e hiahiatia ana (hei tauira, "E tika ana mō te 36 marama, neke atu rānei").
Tauākī Whakatūpato: He iti ngā wāhanga o roto, ā, me tapanga "Mōrearea Ārai" me te teitei o te tuhinga ≥3.2mm.

IV. Te Tukanga Whakatutukitanga me ngā Rautaki Whakaiti Mōrearea
(I) Te Tukanga Whakamana
Kōwhiringa Taiwhanga: Whakaritea ngā taiwhanga whai tiwhikete CPSC me ISO 17025 hei kaupapa matua.
Te Whakarite Tauira: Homai ngā tauira e rite ana ki te putanga hoko. Mō ngā tauira maha, tohua ngā rerekētanga.
Te Whakamātautau me te Pūrongo: Whakaotia ngā whakamātautau ā-tinana, ā-matū, me te ā-hiko katoa, i roto i ngā rā pakihi e 5-7.
Te Tukunga Tiwhikete: Tuhia he tiwhikete CPC, CE rānei i runga i te pūrongo whakamātautau, kia tino oti, kia ōrite hoki.
(II) Ngā Wāhanga Matua mō te Whakaiti i te Mōrearea
Arotau Hoahoa: Āta karohia ngā wāhanga iti (diameter ≤ 31.7mm) me te whakamahi i tētahi hanganga wāhanga pākahiko kua kati.
Te Whakahaere Rauemi: Whakaritea ngā papa i runga i te rārangi whakawātea, pērā i te kāri motuhake, i ngā kirihou kua whakamanahia e te RoHS rānei.
Whakahaere Tuhinga: Puritia ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā pire rauemi, me ngā tuhi hoahoa mō te iti rawa i te rima tau hei whakahaere i ngā arowhai ā-wā a te CPSC.
(III) Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Arotake Pūhara
Te Tūturutanga o te Rārangi: Me tino ōrite te whakatauranga tau me te tau tauira kei te whārangi taipitopito hua ki te pūrongo whakamātautau.
Te Whakatutukitanga o ngā Whakaahua: Tukuatuhia ngā whakaahua mārama o te tapanga hua, ngā whakatūpato, me te tapanga aroturuki.

V. Ngā Auahatanga me ngā Taunakitanga o te Ao kei te heke mai
(I) Te Aroturuki Paerewa
Kei te rangahau a ASTM i ngā whakaritenga haumaru mō ngā taonga tākaro atamai me ngā rauemi hou. Me ohauru ngā kamupene ki ngā whakahōutanga mana a te CEN/CPSC.
(II) Te Whakaurunga Tiwhikete ā-Motu
Kōwhiria he taiwhanga e tautoko ana i te "whakamātautau kotahi, tiwhikete maha" hei whakaiti i ngā utu tāruarua mō te EU CE, te US CPC, me te AS/NZS o Ahitereiria.
(III) Te Urutau ā-Rohe
Whakaritea te reo tapanga me ngā ihirangi whakatūpato mō ngā mākete ūnga. Hei tauira, te whakanui i te "WARNING" i te US me te tohu "CE" i te EU.

VI. Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea he herenga ture anake te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taonga takaro kua rārangihia ki Amazon, engari he wāhanga matua hoki o te whakataetae waitohu. Mai i te kōwhiringa rauemi i te wāhanga hoahoa ki te whakahaere tapanga i te mutunga o te tukanga, me whakatū e ngā kamupene he pūnaha tutuki whānui hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture e whanake haere ana. I te piki haere o te rongonui o ngā taonga takaro atamai me ngā rauemi matomato, ka haere tonu te whanaketanga o ngā paerewa haumaru. Mā te awhi matatau i ngā huringa ka taea e tātou te pupuri i te ahunga whakamua pumau i roto i te mākete o te ao.