Jagora ga Takaddun Shaida ga Kayan Wasan Yara da aka Jera akan Amazon

Jagora ga Takaddun Shaida ga Kayan Wasan Yara da aka Jera akan Amazon: Cikakken Bincike kan Bin Ka'idojin Kasuwa na Duniya

A kasuwar kayan wasan yara ta duniya, Amazon, a matsayin babban dandamali na kasuwancin e-commerce na kan iyakoki, yana da tsauraran ƙa'idodi na aminci da bin ƙa'idodi ga kayayyakin kayan wasan yara. Don taimakawa masana'antun kayan wasan yara da masu siyarwa su tsara samfuransu cikin nasara akan Amazon,

I. Kasuwar Amurka: Takaddun Shaidar CPC da Tsarin ASTM F963-23
(I) Manyan Bukatu don Takaddun Shaida na CPC
CPC (Takardar Shaidar Samfurin Yara) takardar shaida ce ta tilas da Hukumar Tsaron Samfurin Masu Amfani ta Amurka (CPSC) ta bayar ga kayayyakin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 12. Dole ne a bayar da ita bisa ga rahoton gwaji daga dakin gwaje-gwaje da CPSC ta amince da shi. Takardar shaida ta shafi dukkan nau'ikan kayan wasan yara, gami da filastik, itace, kayan wasa masu laushi, da kayan wasan yara masu sake dawowa a hankali.
(II) Muhimman Sabuntawa ga ASTM F963-23
Tun daga ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2024, ASTM F963-23 zai maye gurbin sigar da ta gabata a matsayin ƙa'idar kiyaye lafiyar kayan wasa a Amurka. Muhimman sabuntawa sun haɗa da:
Tsaron Sinadarai: Adadin phthalates da aka tsara ya karu zuwa takwas, kuma an daidaita ƙa'idodin keɓewa na ƙarfe mai nauyi tare da CPSC.
Tsaron Jiki: Dole ne a rufe ɗakin batirin bayan an yi gwajin cin zarafi (kamar faɗuwa da niƙawa) don hana yara shiga.
Kayan Wasan Kwaikwayo: An ƙara sabbin yanayin gwajin kuzarin motsi don fayyace saurin harbawa da iyakokin kuzarin motsi.
Bukatun Lakabi: Ana buƙatar alamun bin diddigin da suka ƙunshi rukunin samarwa da lambar masana'anta.
(III) Bukatu na Musamman ga Rukunin Masu Haɗari Masu Yawa
Ga kayayyakin da ke da haɗari kamar kayan wasan yara masu linzami da ƙwallan ruwa mai maganadisu, Amazon ta ƙara sabuwar manufar bin ƙa'ida a watan Nuwamba na 2024, inda ta buƙaci a gabatar da waɗannan takardu kafin 2 ga Janairu, 2025:
Rahoton Gwaji: Dole ne a bayar da shi ta dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da shi na CPSC kuma ya ƙunshi ASTM F963-23, abubuwan da ke cikin jagorar CPSIA, gargaɗin ƙananan sassa, da sauransu.
Takardar Shaidar CPC: Takardar shaidar da rahoton gwaji dole ne su yi daidai da samfurin samfurin da ƙimar shekaru.

II. Kasuwar Tarayyar Turai: Takaddun shaida na CE da Ka'idojin EN71
(I) Tsarin Takaddun Shaida na CE na asali
Takaddun shaida na EU CE ya dogara ne akan Umarnin Kayan Wasan Yara na 2009/48/EC kuma yana buƙatar wucewa jerin gwaje-gwajen EN71 na yau da kullun:
EN71-1: Gwajin aikin injiniya da na jiki, gami da cire ƙananan sassa, gano gefen kaifi, da kwanciyar hankali na ɗaukar kaya.
EN71-2: Gwajin hana harshen wuta; misali, ƙimar ƙonewar kayan wasan yara masu laushi dole ne ya zama ≤30mm/s.
EN71-3: Gwaji don ƙarfe masu nauyi guda 19 masu motsi (guda, cadmium, da sauransu), tare da an daidaita iyakokin bisa ga rarrabuwar shekaru.
EN 62115: Ƙarin buƙatu don kayan wasan lantarki, waɗanda suka haɗa da amincin batir, aikin kariya da gwajin kwararar ruwa.
(II) Lakabi da Bukatun Wakilin da aka Ba da Izini
Bayanin Tarayyar Turai: Dole ne a yi wa suna da adireshin Wakilin da aka ba da izini na Tarayyar Turai alama a kan samfurin da marufi.
Gargaɗi: Dole ne a yi wa samfurin lakabi da harshen hukuma na ƙasar da aka sayar. Misali, "Gargaɗi: Bai dace da yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 3 ba" dole ne a nuna shi a fili a babban allon nuni.

III. Kasuwar Ostiraliya: AS/NZS ISO 8124 Standard
(I) Bukatun Gwaji na Musamman
Halayen Inji da Jiki: Gwada ƙananan sassa don tabbatar da dorewa, kaifin gefen, da ƙarfin bazara bisa ga AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2023.
Tsaron Sinadarai: A takaita ƙaurar ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar gubar da mercury bisa ga AS/NZS ISO 8124.3:2021.
Nau'o'i na Musamman:
Kayan wasan yara masu ɗauke da batirin maɓalli: Dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin hana zubewa da kuma laƙabin gargaɗi na Ma'aunin Tsaron Samfurin Masu Amfani.
Kayan wasan maganadisu: Dole ne ma'aunin kwararar maganadisu ya kasance ≤50 kG² mm² don hana haɗarin haɗiyewa ba da gangan ba.
(II) Bayanin Lakabi da Marufi
Lakabi da Shekaru: A bayyane yake nuna shekarun da aka yi niyya (misali, "Ya dace da watanni 36 ko sama da haka").
Bayanin Gargaɗi: Ya ƙunshi ƙananan sassa kuma dole ne a yi masa lakabi da "Haɗarin Shaƙewa" tare da tsayin rubutu ≥3.2mm.

IV. Tsarin Bin Dokoki da Dabarun Rage Haɗari
(I) Tsarin Takaddun Shaida
Zaɓin Dakunan Gwaji: Ba da fifiko ga dakunan gwaje-gwaje tare da takaddun shaida na CPSC da ISO 17025.
Shiri na Samfura: A samar da samfura daidai da sigar tallace-tallace. Ga samfura da yawa, a nuna duk wani bambanci.
Gwaji da Rahoton: Kammala dukkan gwaje-gwajen jiki, sinadarai, da na lantarki, yawanci cikin kwanaki 5-7 na aiki.
Bayar da Takaddun Shaida: Rubuta takardar shaidar CPC ko CE bisa ga rahoton gwajin, don tabbatar da cikawa da daidaito.
(II) Mahimman ...
Inganta Tsarin Zane: A guji ƙananan sassa (diamita ≤ 31.7mm) kuma a yi amfani da tsarin ɗakin batirin da aka rufe.
Kula da Kayan Aiki: Ba da fifiko ga abubuwan da aka keɓe a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka keɓe, kamar takamaiman kwali ko robobi masu takardar shaidar RoHS.
Gudanar da Takardu: A riƙe rahotannin gwaji, takardun kuɗi, da zane-zane na tsawon akalla shekaru biyar don sauƙaƙe duba wuraren CPSC.
(III) Mahimman Abubuwan Binciken Dandalin
Daidaiton Jerin: Matsayin shekaru da lambar samfurin da ke shafin cikakkun bayanai na samfurin dole ne su yi daidai da rahoton gwajin.
Bin Ka'idojin Hoto: Loda hotuna masu kyau na lakabin samfurin, gargaɗi, da kuma alamar bin diddigin sa.

V. Yanayin da Shawarwari na Nan Gaba
(I) Bibiyar Daidaitacce
ASTM a halin yanzu tana binciken takamaiman bayanai game da aminci ga kayan wasan yara masu wayo da sabbin kayayyaki. Ana shawartar kamfanoni da su yi rijista don sabunta bayanai na CEN/CPSC a hukumance.
(II) Haɗin Takaddun Shaida na Ƙasashen Duniya da yawa
Zaɓi dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke tallafawa "gwaji ɗaya, takaddun shaida da yawa" don rage farashin kwafi na EU CE, US CPC, da AS/NZS na Australiya.
(III) Daidaitawar Gida
Keɓance harshen lakabi da abubuwan gargaɗi ga kasuwannin da aka nufa. Misali, haskaka "GARGADI" a Amurka da alamar "CE" a cikin EU.

VI. Kammalawa
Bin ƙa'idodin kayan wasan da aka jera a Amazon ba wai kawai wajibi ne na doka ba, har ma da babban abin da ke cikin gasa tsakanin kamfanoni. Daga zaɓin kayan aiki a matakin ƙira zuwa kula da lakabi a ƙarshen tsarin, kamfanoni dole ne su kafa cikakken tsarin bin ƙa'idodi don biyan buƙatun ƙa'idoji masu tasowa. Tare da karuwar shaharar kayan wasan yara masu wayo da kayan kore, ƙa'idodin aminci za su ci gaba da bunƙasa. Ta hanyar rungumar canji a hankali ne kawai za mu iya ci gaba da samun ci gaba a kasuwar duniya.