Wadanne ƙalubale ne ake fuskanta a ɓangaren sufuri na hukumar?

Wadanne ƙalubale ne ake fuskanta a ɓangaren jigilar kayayyaki na tsarin hukumar?

1. Kalubalen da ke tattare da hanyar sufuri

1.1 Rikicewar zabar hanyar sufuri
A cikin hanyar sufuri ta wakilan jigilar kayayyaki, zabar hanyar sufuri mai dacewa mataki ne mai mahimmanci na farko, amma wannan tsari yana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa.
Daidaita halayen kaya da hanyoyin sufuri: Halayen kayan daki daban-daban suna ƙayyade hanyoyin sufuri da suka dace. Misali, manyan kayan aikin injiniya yawanci ana buƙatar jigilar su ta teku, saboda jigilar kaya ta teku na iya jigilar kaya masu girma da kiba akan farashi mai rahusa. A cewar kididdiga, jigilar kaya ta teku tana da fiye da kashi 90% na jigilar kaya a duniya. Ga samfuran lantarki masu tsada da lokaci, jigilar iska zaɓi ne mafi dacewa. Kodayake yana da tsada, yana iya tabbatar da cewa kayan sun isa inda za su je da sauri.
Daidaito tsakanin farashi da inganci: Zaɓin hanyar sufuri yana buƙatar nemo daidaito tsakanin farashi da inganci. Duk da cewa jigilar iska tana da sauri, tana da tsada; yayin da jigilar ruwa take da rahusa, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin jigilar kaya. A cewar Ƙungiyar Masu Kaya da Kaya ta Duniya (FIATA), jigilar jiragen sama yawanci sau 5-10 ne na jigilar kaya ta teku. Saboda haka, wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar yin la'akari da hanyar jigilar kaya gaba ɗaya bisa ga ƙimar kayayyaki, gaggawa, da kasafin kuɗin abokin ciniki.
Tsarin hanyoyin sufuri: Zaɓin hanyar sufuri zai kuma shafi shawarar yanayin sufuri. Misali, ga wasu biranen cikin gida, yana iya zama dole a haɗa jigilar layin dogo ko hanya don jigilar multimodal. Kodayake jigilar multimodal na iya inganta ingancin sufuri, yana kuma ƙara rikitarwa da farashin aiki. A cewar ƙididdiga, farashin sufuri na multimodal ya fi na hanyar sufuri guda ɗaya da kashi 15%-20%.
Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli: Tare da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli, tasirin hanyoyin sufuri a muhalli ya zama muhimmin abin la'akari. Misali, sufuri a kan hanya yana da yawan hayakin carbon, yayin da sufuri a kan jirgin ƙasa da na teku ya fi dacewa da muhalli. A cewar bincike, hayakin carbon da ke fitowa daga sufuri a kan layin dogo kashi 1/3 ne kawai na sufuri a kan hanya. Saboda haka, wakilan sufuri suma suna buƙatar la'akari da tasirinsu ga muhalli lokacin da suke zaɓar hanyar sufuri don biyan buƙatun ci gaba mai ɗorewa na abokan ciniki da al'umma.
Ka'idoji da manufofi na zuwa: Ka'idoji da manufofi na ƙasashe da yankuna daban-daban suma suna shafar hanyar sufuri. Misali, wasu ƙasashe suna da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri kan hanyoyin sufuri na takamaiman kayayyaki, kamar jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari don cika takamaiman ƙa'idodin aminci da hanyoyin sufuri. Wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar sanin ƙa'idodi da manufofin wurin da za a je don tabbatar da halalci da amincin sufuri.
A taƙaice, sarkakiyar zaɓin yanayin sufuri ba wai kawai ta shafi halayen kaya, farashi, inganci, da abubuwan muhalli ba, har ma tana da iyaka ta dokoki da ƙa'idodi na inda za a je. Wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar yin la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan sosai kuma su samar wa abokan ciniki da tsarin sufuri mafi dacewa.

2. Kalubalen gudanar da adana kaya

2.1 Amfani da sararin ajiya mai ma'ana
Amfani da sararin ajiya mai ma'ana babban haɗi ne a cikin kula da rumbun ajiya a cikin tsarin hukumar jigilar kayayyaki, amma wannan tsari yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa.
Bambancin buƙatun ajiyar kaya: Kayayyaki daban-daban suna da siffofi, girma, nauyi, da yanayin ajiya daban-daban, wanda hakan ke sanya buƙatar mai yawa ga tsara da amfani da sararin ajiya. Misali, manyan kaya suna buƙatar babban sarari, yayin da ƙananan kaya ke buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin ajiya. A cewar ƙididdiga, yawan amfani da sararin ajiya na manyan kaya yawanci kashi 60%-70% ne kawai, yayin da yawan amfani da sararin ajiya na ƙananan kaya zai iya kaiwa kashi 80%-90%. Saboda haka, wakilan jigilar kaya suna buƙatar tsara sararin ajiya gwargwadon halayen kayan don inganta amfani da sararin samaniya.
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yawan kaya: Yawan kaya daban-daban na jigilar kaya suma sun bambanta sosai, wanda hakan ke shafar ingancin amfani da sararin ajiya. Kayayyaki masu yawan kaya suna buƙatar shiga da fita daga rumbun ajiya akai-akai, yayin da kayayyaki masu ƙarancin kaya na iya ɗaukar sararin ajiya na dogon lokaci. A cewar bayanan masana'antu, matsakaicin zagayowar kaya na yawan kaya na yawan kaya na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 15-30, yayin da zagayowar kaya na ƙarancin kaya na iya ɗaukar watanni da yawa. Saboda haka, wakilan jigilar kaya suna buƙatar shirya wurin ajiya da hanyar ajiya daidai gwargwado bisa ga yawan kaya na kayan don inganta amfani da sararin ajiya.
Iyakokin wuraren ajiya: Tsarin da kayan aiki na wuraren ajiya suma za su shafi amfani da sararin ajiya mai ma'ana. Misali, tsayin shiryayye, faɗin hanyoyin, ƙarfin ɗaukar forklift, da sauransu za su yi tasiri ga ajiya da sarrafa kayayyaki. A cewar ƙididdiga, tsayin shiryayye mai ma'ana zai iya ƙara yawan amfani da sararin ajiya da kashi 10%-15%, yayin da faɗin hanyoyin da suka dace zai iya rage lokaci da kuɗin sarrafa kaya. Saboda haka, wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar inganta tsarin ajiya da tsarin kayan aiki bisa ga ainihin yanayin wuraren ajiya don inganta ingancin amfani da sararin ajiya.
Ka'idojin Tsaro da Biyayya: Gudanar da rumbun adana kayayyaki kuma yana buƙatar cika sharuɗɗan aminci da bin ƙa'idodi, wanda zai ƙara iyakance amfani da sararin ajiya. Misali, ajiyar kayayyaki masu haɗari yana buƙatar cika takamaiman ƙa'idodin aminci, yana buƙatar wurare daban-daban na ajiya da matakan kariya. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin wuta, hanyoyin fita daga aminci, da sauransu suma suna buƙatar mamaye wani adadin sararin ajiya. Saboda haka, wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar yin la'akari da cikakkun buƙatun aminci da bin ƙa'idodi lokacin tsara sararin ajiya don tabbatar da halalci da amincin gudanar da ajiya.
Rikicewar Gudanar da Kayayyaki Masu Sauƙi: Amfani da sararin ajiya kuma yana buƙatar la'akari da sarkakiyar gudanar da kaya masu ƙarfi. Yayin da buƙatun kasuwa ke canzawa, kayan da aka tara za su kuma canza akai-akai, wanda ke buƙatar tsarin kula da rumbun ajiya ya sami damar daidaita rarraba sararin ajiya a ainihin lokaci. A cewar bincike, gudanar da kaya masu ƙarfi na iya ƙara yawan amfani da sararin ajiya da kashi 5%-10%, amma kuma yana ƙara sarkakiyar da farashin gudanarwa. Saboda haka, wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar gabatar da tsarin kula da rumbun ajiya na zamani don cimma ingantaccen sararin ajiya mai ƙarfi.
A taƙaice, amfani da sararin ajiya mai ma'ana yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, kamar bambancin buƙatun ajiyar kaya, bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da jujjuyawar kaya, ƙuntatawa a wuraren ajiya, aminci da buƙatun bin ƙa'idodi, da kuma sarkakiyar tsarin sarrafa kaya mai ƙarfi. Wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar inganta ingancin amfani da sararin ajiya da rage farashin ajiya ta hanyar tsara da gudanar da kimiyya, yayin da suke tabbatar da aminci da bin ƙa'idodin gudanar da rumbun ajiya.

3. Kalubalen sanarwar kwastam da bin ka'idojinta

3.1 Bambance-bambance a cikin ƙa'idoji a ƙasashe daban-daban
A ɓangaren jigilar kayayyaki na tsarin hukumar, sanarwar kwastam da bin ƙa'idodi suna da matuƙar muhimmanci da ƙalubale. Bambancin ƙa'idoji a ƙasashe daban-daban ya kawo wa wakilan jigilar kayayyaki matsaloli da yawa.
Rikicewar ƙa'idoji: Akwai manyan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙa'idodin kwastam, manufofin kasuwanci, buƙatun dubawa da keɓewa, da sauransu a ƙasashe daban-daban. Misali, ƙa'idodin kwastam na Amurka sun fi mai da hankali kan binciken hana zubar da kaya da hana tallafi, kuma suna yin bita sosai kan farashi da asalin kayayyakin da aka shigo da su; Tarayyar Turai ta fi mai da hankali kan ƙa'idodin kariyar muhalli da aminci, kuma ta kafa manyan shingen shiga ga wasu sinadarai da kayayyakin lantarki. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu rikitarwa suna buƙatar wakilan jigilar kayayyaki su fahimci dokoki da ƙa'idodi na ƙasashen da aka yi niyya, in ba haka ba za su iya fuskantar haɗarin kwace kayayyaki, tara, ko ma hana shigo da su.
Sabuntawa akai-akai game da ƙa'idoji: Yanayin ciniki na duniya yana canzawa koyaushe, kuma ana ci gaba da sabunta ƙa'idodin ƙasashe daban-daban. Misali, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da haɓakar kariyar ciniki, ƙasashe da yawa sun daidaita manufofin harajin su da ƙa'idodin ciniki. Wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar bin diddigin waɗannan canje-canjen a kan lokaci don tabbatar da cewa takardu da ayyukan sanarwar kwastam sun cika sabbin buƙatu. A cewar ƙididdigar masana'antu, ƙimar kurakuran sanarwar kwastam da sabuntawar ƙa'idoji ke haifarwa kusan 10%-15% kowace shekara, wanda ke kawo ƙarin asarar lokaci da farashi ga kamfanoni.
Bambance-bambance a cikin ƙa'idodin asali: Ƙasashe daban-daban suna da ma'auni daban-daban don tantance asali, wanda ke shafar kai tsaye harajin da ya dace da manufofin ciniki na kayayyaki. Misali, wasu ƙasashe suna ɗaukar ma'aunin "babban sauyi", yayin da wasu ke ƙayyade shi bisa ga hanyoyin sarrafawa ko rabon kayan masarufi. Wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar tantance asalin kayayyaki daidai don guje wa hukunci idan ba daidai ba ne bayyana asalin.
Shingayen Harshe da Al'adu: Bambancin harshe da al'adu tsakanin ƙasashe daban-daban suma suna ƙara sarkakiyar sanarwar kwastam. Misali, takardun kwastam a wasu ƙasashe suna buƙatar cike su da harshen gida kuma suna da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri kan tsari da abubuwan da ke ciki. Lokacin da ake gudanar da sanarwar kwastam ta ƙetare iyaka, wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar shawo kan shingayen harshe da kuma tabbatar da daidaito da cikar takardu.
Karin kuɗaɗen bin ƙa'ida: Domin biyan buƙatun ƙa'idoji na ƙasashe daban-daban, wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar saka ƙarin lokaci da albarkatu a cikin kula da bin ƙa'ida. Wannan ya haɗa da horar da ƙwararru, siyan software na bin ƙa'ida, da kuma kafa tsarin bin ƙa'ida na cikin gida. An kiyasta cewa kason kuɗin bin ƙa'ida a cikin jimillar kuɗin aiki na wakilan jigilar kayayyaki ya ƙaru daga 5% a baya zuwa 10%-15%, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙalubale ga ribar kamfanoni.
A taƙaice, bambance-bambancen dokoki a ƙasashe daban-daban sun kawo ƙalubale da yawa ga sanarwar kwastam da kuma hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na wakilan jigilar kayayyaki. Wakilan jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar ci gaba da inganta ƙwarewar bin ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodin ƙwararru don magance yanayin ciniki na duniya mai rikitarwa.

4. Kalubalen gudanar da bayanai

4.1 Sabunta bayanai na dabaru na ainihin lokaci
Sabunta bayanai kan harkokin sufuri a ainihin lokaci muhimmin abu ne a fannin gudanar da bayanai a tsarin hukumar, amma yana fuskantar kalubale da dama a zahiri.
Rashin isassun kayayyakin more rayuwa na fasaha: Tsarin fasaha da ake da shi na kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki da yawa ba zai iya tallafawa watsa bayanai da sarrafa su a ainihin lokaci ba. Misali, wasu tsoffin tsarin kula da rumbun ajiya ba za a iya haɗa su da tsarin kula da sufuri ba tare da matsala ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin iya daidaita bayanan kayayyaki a cikin rumbun ajiya da kuma lokacin jigilar su a ainihin lokaci. A cewar kididdiga, kusan kashi 40% na kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki har yanzu suna dogara ne da shigar da bayanai da hannu, wanda ba wai kawai yana da rashin inganci ba amma kuma yana iya fuskantar kurakurai.
Matsalolin daidaiton bayanai: Sabunta bayanan jigilar kayayyaki na ainihin lokaci yana buƙatar shigar da bayanai daidai, amma a ainihin aiki, kurakurai na bayanai sau da yawa suna faruwa. Misali, bayanai kamar nauyi, girma, da adadin kayayyaki na iya karkacewa lokacin shiga, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli a cikin shirye-shiryen jigilar kaya da adana kaya na gaba. A cewar binciken masana'antu, ƙimar kurakuran bayanai a cikin sarrafa bayanan jigilar kayayyaki ya kai 5%-10%, wanda ke shafar aminci da yanayin bayanai na ainihin lokaci.
Wahala a Haɗin Tsarin: Wakilan jigilar kayayyaki sun haɗa da hanyoyin haɗi da yawa da kuma mahalarta da yawa, kamar masu samar da kayayyaki, masu jigilar kaya, rumbunan ajiya, da sauransu, kuma tsarin bayanai na kowace hanyar haɗi sau da yawa yana da wahalar haɗawa. Misali, tsarin kula da sufuri da masu jigilar kaya daban-daban ke amfani da shi na iya yin karo da tsarin wakilin jigilar kayayyaki, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin watsa bayanai. A cewar ƙididdiga, jinkirin bayanai da matsalolin haɗa tsarin ke haifarwa ya haifar da kashi 30% na matsalolin kula da bayanai na jigilar kayayyaki.
Haɗarin Tsaron Intanet: Tare da ƙaruwar yawan bayanai na dabaru na dijital, haɗarin tsaro na yanar gizo yana ƙaruwa. Misali, hare-haren masu kutse na iya haifar da ɓullar bayanai na dabaru ko gurgunta tsarin, wanda ke shafar sabunta bayanai a ainihin lokaci da daidaiton bayanai. A cewar bincike, masana'antar sufuri na asarar ɗaruruwan miliyoyin daloli kowace shekara saboda matsalolin tsaro na yanar gizo.
Rashin isassun horo ga ma'aikata: Sabunta bayanan dabaru na ainihin lokaci yana buƙatar masu aiki su sami wasu ƙwarewar fasaha da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na aiki, amma kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki da yawa ba sa ba da isasshen horo ga ma'aikatansu. Misali, wasu ma'aikata ba su saba da aikin sabon tsarin ba, wanda ke haifar da jinkiri ko kuskuren shigar da bayanai. A cewar kididdiga, matsalolin sabunta bayanai da rashin aiki yadda ya kamata na ma'aikata sun kai kashi 20%.
Daidaito tsakanin farashi da fa'ida: Sabunta bayanan dabaru na lokaci-lokaci yana buƙatar kuɗi mai yawa don saka hannun jari a cikin haɓaka fasaha da kula da tsarin, amma kamfanoni galibi suna fuskantar matsalar daidaita farashi da fa'idodi. Misali, wasu ƙananan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki ba za su iya biyan kuɗin haɓaka fasaha mai yawa ba, wanda ke shafar tsarin zamani na sarrafa bayanai. An kiyasta cewa kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna saka kashi 5%-8% na jimlar kuɗin shigarsu a cikin tsarin sarrafa bayanai kowace shekara.
A taƙaice, sabunta bayanai kan harkokin sufuri a ainihin lokaci yana fuskantar ƙalubale da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da rashin isassun kayayyakin more rayuwa na fasaha, matsalolin daidaiton bayanai, wahala wajen haɗa tsarin, haɗarin tsaron hanyar sadarwa, rashin isassun horar da ma'aikata, da kuma daidaiton farashi da fa'ida. Kamfanonin hukumar jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar inganta inganci da daidaiton sarrafa bayanai ta hanyar matakai kamar haɓaka fasaha, horar da ma'aikata, da inganta tsarin don biyan buƙatun jigilar kayayyaki na zamani.

5. Kalubalen da ke tattare da rage farashi

5.1 Ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin farashin aiki
A ɓangaren jigilar kayayyaki na tsarin hukumar, kula da farashi yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da kamfanoni ke fuskanta, musamman ci gaba da ƙaruwar farashin aiki, wanda ya kawo matsin lamba ga kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki.
Karin kudin sufuri: Kudin sufuri na ɗaya daga cikin manyan kuɗaɗen ayyukan jigilar kaya kuma sun nuna ci gaba da hauhawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A gefe guda, sauyin farashin mai yana da tasiri kai tsaye kan farashin sufuri. A cewar ƙididdiga, farashin mai ya kai kusan kashi 30% na jimillar kuɗin sufuri, kuma karuwar farashin mai kai tsaye yana haifar da karuwar farashin sufuri. A gefe guda kuma, karuwar farashin aiki shi ma ya ƙara nauyin farashin sufuri. Tare da canje-canje a kasuwar aiki, matakan albashi na mukamai kamar direbobin sufuri sun ci gaba da ƙaruwa, wanda hakan ke ƙara hauhawar farashin sufuri.
Karin farashin adana kayan ajiya: Farashin adana kayan ajiya suma muhimmin bangare ne na ayyukan jigilar kayayyaki, kuma ba za a iya yin watsi da yanayin karuwar su ba. Na farko, karancin albarkatun kasa ya haifar da hauhawar kudin haya don wuraren adana kayan ajiya. A wasu yankuna da suka ci gaba a fannin tattalin arziki, kudin hayar ajiya ya karu da kashi 10%-15% a kowace shekara. Na biyu, kudin sabunta kayan ajiya da kuma kula da su yana karuwa. Domin inganta ingancin ajiya da aminci, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna bukatar ci gaba da saka hannun jari a fannin inganta kayan aiki da kuma kula da su, wanda hakan ke kara yawan kudin ajiya.
Ƙara kuɗaɗen bin ƙa'ida: Tare da ƙaruwar sarkakiyar cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma ci gaba da sabunta dokoki da ƙa'idoji a ƙasashe daban-daban, farashin bin ƙa'ida na kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki yana ƙaruwa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, domin biyan buƙatun ƙa'idoji na ƙasashe daban-daban, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar saka ƙarin lokaci da albarkatu a cikin kula da bin ƙa'ida. Wannan ba wai kawai ya haɗa da horar da ƙwararru ba, siyan software na bin ƙa'ida, har ma da kafa tsarin bin ƙa'ida na cikin gida. An kiyasta cewa rabon kuɗaɗen bin ƙa'ida a cikin jimillar kuɗaɗen aiki na wakilan jigilar kayayyaki ya ƙaru daga 5% a baya zuwa 10%-15%, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙalubale ga ribar kamfanoni.
Matsi Kan Zuba Jari a Fasaha: Domin inganta ingancin aiki da gasa, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar ci gaba da saka hannun jari a fannin haɓaka fasaha. Misali, gabatar da ingantattun tsarin kula da rumbun ajiya, tsarin kula da sufuri, da tsarin bin diddigin bayanai suna buƙatar tallafi mai yawa na kuɗi. A lokaci guda, haɓaka fasaha cikin sauri yana buƙatar kamfanoni su ci gaba da sabuntawa da kula da fasaha don kiyaye ci gaba da amincin fasaha. A cewar ƙididdiga, jarin da kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki ke sakawa a kowace shekara a haɓaka fasaha da kulawa ya kai kashi 5%-10% na jimillar kuɗin shigarsu.
Matsin farashi da gasar kasuwa ke haifarwa: A cikin gasar kasuwa mai zafi, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sau da yawa suna buƙatar rage farashin sabis don yin gasa don samun hannun jari a kasuwa, wanda hakan ke ƙara dagula ribar ribar kamfanoni. Duk da haka, ci gaba da ƙaruwar farashin aiki ya sanya kamfanoni cikin matsin lamba a gasar farashi. Yadda ake kiyaye ingancin sabis yayin rage farashi ya zama matsala ta gaggawa ga kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki.
A taƙaice, ci gaba da ƙaruwar kuɗaɗen gudanarwa ya kawo manyan ƙalubalen kula da farashi ga kamfanonin hukumar jigilar kayayyaki. Kamfanoni suna buƙatar magance wannan ƙalubalen ta hanyar inganta hanyoyin aiki, inganta inganci, da kuma ƙarfafa tsarin kula da farashi don cimma ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

6. Kalubalen baiwa da horo

6.1 Karancin hazikan ƙwararru
Rikicewar tsarin gudanar da harkokin sufuri yana sanya buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararru masu ƙwarewa sosai, amma a halin yanzu masana'antar tana fuskantar ƙalubale masu tsanani na ƙarancin ƙwararrun ƙwararru.
Ƙara buƙatu da rashin isassun kayayyaki: Tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki, buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararru na ci gaba da ƙaruwa. A cewar ƙididdiga daga Majalisar Kula da Sufuri ta Duniya (CILT), ƙimar buƙatu na ƙwararrun ƙwararru a masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta duniya ta kai kashi 10%-15% a kowace shekara, amma ainihin wadatar ba ta cika wannan buƙata ba. Musamman a wasu fannoni masu tasowa, kamar jigilar kayayyaki ta jiragen ruwa da jigilar kayayyaki ta ƙasashen waje, gibin da ke tsakanin ƙwararrun ƙwararru ya fi bayyana.
Rashin isassun kyawun masana'antu: Yawan aiki a masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki yana da yawa, yanayin aiki yana da wahala, kuma albashi da fa'idodi ba su fi na kuɗi, Intanet da sauran masana'antu kyau ba, wanda hakan ke sa masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ba ta da jan hankali ga ƙwararrun masu hazaka. Misali, a wasu manyan birane, wahalar ɗaukar mukamai na jigilar kayayyaki ya ninka na sauran masana'antu sau 1.5-2.
Bukatun ƙwarewa masu zurfi: Tsarin hukumar jigilar kayayyaki ya ƙunshi hanyoyin haɗi da yawa kamar sufuri, adanawa, sanarwar kwastam, da kuma kula da bayanai, kuma kowace hanyar haɗin gwiwa tana buƙatar ƙwarewa da ilimi na ƙwararru. Misali, ma'aikatan sanarwar kwastam suna buƙatar sanin ƙa'idodin kwastam da manufofin kasuwanci na ƙasashe daban-daban, kuma ma'aikatan kula da adanawa suna buƙatar ƙwarewa a fasahar adanawa da ƙwarewar sarrafa kayan aiki. Duk da haka, akwai ƙalilan ƙwararru masu wannan ƙwarewa mai zurfi a kasuwa.
Babban asarar baiwa: Saboda tsananin gasa a masana'antar jigilar kaya, motsin baiwa yana da yawa. A cewar binciken masana'antu, matsakaicin asarar baiwa a masana'antar jigilar kaya yana tsakanin kashi 15% zuwa 20%. Wasu manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna buƙatar saka hannun jari mai yawa a cikin ɗaukar baiwa da horar da ita kowace shekara, amma har yanzu ba za su iya magance matsalar ƙarancin baiwa yadda ya kamata ba.
Tsarin horo mara kyau: Tsarin horar da hazikai a fannin jigilar kayayyaki yana da koma baya kuma ba zai iya biyan buƙatun ci gaban masana'antar cikin sauri ba. Kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki da yawa ba sa saka hannun jari sosai a horar da ma'aikata, kuma abubuwan da ake koyarwa guda ɗaya ne, ba su da dacewa da tsarin aiki. Misali, wasu ƙananan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna saka hannun jari kashi 1%-2% na jimillar kuɗin shigarsu ne kawai a horar da ma'aikata kowace shekara, wanda ya yi ƙasa da matsakaicin masana'antar.
A taƙaice, ƙarancin ƙwararrun ƙwararru ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke takaita ci gaban ayyukan hukumomin jigilar kayayyaki. Kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar magance matsalar ƙarancin ƙwararrun ƙwararru ta hanyar inganta kyawun masana'antar, inganta tsarin horar da ƙwararru, da ƙarfafa ƙarfafa gwiwar ƙwararru don haɓaka gasa ta farko a kamfanin.

7. Takaitaccen bayani
Tsarin hukumar jigilar kayayyaki yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa a ainihin aiki, waɗanda ke gudana ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar sufuri, adana kaya, sanarwar kwastam, sarrafa bayanai, sarrafa farashi, da hazaka da horo. Daga mahangar sufuri, zaɓar hanyar sufuri da ta dace yana buƙatar cikakken la'akari da abubuwa da yawa, gami da halayen kayayyaki, daidaito tsakanin farashi da inganci, tsara hanyoyin sufuri, abubuwan muhalli, da ƙa'idodi da manufofi na inda za a je. Sakaci a kowace hanyar haɗi na iya haifar da ƙaruwar farashin sufuri, raguwar inganci, har ma da lalata kaya. Dangane da kula da adana kaya, amfani da sararin ajiya mai ma'ana yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, gami da bambancin buƙatun adana kaya, bambance-bambancen jujjuyawar kaya, ƙuntatawa na wuraren ajiya, aminci da buƙatun bin ƙa'idodi, da kuma sarkakiyar gudanar da kaya mai ƙarfi. Yadda ake cimma ingantaccen sarrafa adana kaya, aminci, da bin ƙa'idodi a cikin ɗan gajeren sarari matsala ce ta gaggawa ga wakilan jigilar kaya. Sanarwar kwastam da hanyoyin bin ƙa'idodi sun fi rikitarwa kuma ana iya canzawa. Bambancin ƙa'idodi a ƙasashe daban-daban, sabuntawa akai-akai na ƙa'idodi, bambance-bambancen ƙa'idodin asali, shingayen harshe da al'adu, da ƙaruwar farashin bin ƙa'idodi sun kawo manyan haɗari da ƙalubale ga ayyukan sanarwar kwastam na wakilan jigilar kaya. Idan ba ka yi hankali ba, za ka iya fuskantar mummunan sakamako kamar kwace kayayyaki, tara, ko ma hana shigo da kaya. Dangane da kula da bayanai, sabunta bayanai na ainihin lokaci na bayanai na dabaru yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, kamar rashin isassun kayayyakin fasaha, matsalolin daidaiton bayanai, wahala a haɗa tsarin, haɗarin tsaron hanyar sadarwa, rashin horar da ma'aikata, da kuma daidaiton farashi da fa'ida. Waɗannan matsalolin suna shafar ikon sa ido da gudanarwa na hukumomin jigilar kaya da adana kaya, da kuma rage gamsuwar abokan ciniki. Dangane da kula da farashi, ci gaba da ƙaruwar farashin aiki, gami da farashin sufuri, farashin adana kaya, farashin bin ƙa'ida, da matsin lamba kan saka hannun jari a fasaha, tare da matsin lamba na farashi da gasar kasuwa ke haifarwa, ya sanya hukumomin jigilar kaya cikin matsin lamba mai yawa a kan kula da farashi. Yadda ake kula da ingancin sabis yayin rage farashi ya zama matsala ta gaggawa ga kamfanoni. Dangane da baiwa da horo, ƙarancin baiwar ƙwararru yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Matsaloli kamar haɓakar buƙata da rashin wadatar kayayyaki, rashin kyawun kyawun masana'antu, buƙatun ƙwarewar ƙwararru, babban asarar baiwa, da tsarin horo mara kyau sun takaita ci gaban ayyukan hukumomin jigilar kaya kuma sun shafi babban gasa da ƙarfin ci gaba mai ɗorewa na kamfanoni.
A taƙaice, kowace hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta tsarin hukumar jigilar kayayyaki tana fuskantar ƙalubale daban-daban. Waɗannan ƙalubalen suna da alaƙa kuma suna shafar juna, suna kawo gwaje-gwaje masu tsanani ga aiki da haɓaka kamfanonin hukumar jigilar kayayyaki. Kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar yin nazari sosai da zurfafa nazarin waɗannan ƙalubalen, da kuma ci gaba da inganta gasa da matakan sabis ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar fasaha, inganta gudanarwa, horar da hazikai, da sauran fannoni don magance yanayin kasuwa da ke ƙara rikitarwa da buƙatun abokan ciniki.