Inqubo yokuthenga kanye nokuhlaziywa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka

I-ejenti Yokuthenga ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka

1. Ukubuka konke kwenqubo ye-ejenti yokuthenga

1.1 Incazelo kanye nenani le-ejenti yokuthenga
I-ejenti yokuthenga ibhekisela endleleni yokuthenga lapho abathengi bephathisa khona abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-ejenti yokuthenga abangochwepheshe noma abantu ngabanye ukuthi bathenge izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe bese bezithutha ziye eShayina. Inikeza abathengi indlela elula yokuthola izimpahla zaphesheya, ikakhulukazi lezo okunzima ukuzithenga ngaphakathi ezweni. Inani le-ejenti yokuthenga lilele ku:
Ukuceba kwezimpahla: I-ejenti yokuthenga ingahlangabezana nesidingo sabathengi sezimpahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle, njenge Imikhiqizo Yobuhle, izingubo, imikhiqizo yedijithali, njll., okungaba nzima ukuyithola ezweni ngenxa yemikhawulo yemakethe noma ukuntuleka kokungena emakethe yaseShayina.
Inzuzo yentengo: Ukuthenga izimpahla zama-ejenti ngezinye izikhathi kungajabulela ukukhushulwa kwamanye amazwe noma izinqubomgomo zentela eziphansi, ngaleyo ndlela konge izindleko kubathengi. Isibonelo, intengo yemikhiqizo yobuhle yemikhiqizo ethile yaphesheya kwezilwandle ekukhushulweni ezweni elivela kulo ingaba ngaphansi ngo-30% - 50% kuneyezindawo zokudayisa zasekhaya.
Isevisi eyenzelwe wena: I-ejenti yokuthenga ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zabathengi, njengezimpahla zezitayela ezithile, imibala noma osayizi, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zabathengi.

1.2 Izixhumanisi ezibalulekile enkambisweni yokuthenga
Inqubo yokuthenga ihilela izixhumanisi eziningi ezibalulekile, ngasinye sazo esibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqubo yokuthenga ihamba kahle.
Ukusesha nokukhetha umkhiqizo: Abathengi bafuna imikhiqizo eqondiwe kumawebhusayithi e-e-commerce angaphandle, amawebhusayithi asemthethweni omkhiqizo kanye nezinye iziteshi ngosizo lwamapulatifomu okuthenga noma ama-ejenti okuthenga. Ama-ejenti okuthenga azohlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo, kufaka phakathi uphawu, imininingwane, intengo, isitokwe, njll., ngokuya ngezidingo zabathengi. Isibonelo, uma umthengi efuna ukuthenga uhlobo lwaseJapan lwemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ama-ejenti okuthenga angasesha umkhiqizo kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce aseJapan futhi anikeze ukuqhathaniswa kwamanani kubathengisi abaningi ukusiza abathengi benze izinqumo.
Ukwenziwa kwe-oda nokuqinisekiswa: Ngemva kokuba umthengi enqume ukuthenga umkhiqizo, i-ejenti yokuthenga izokhiqiza i-oda, iqophe ulwazi oluningiliziwe, inani lokuthenga, intengo, njll. yomkhiqizo, bese iqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwe-oda nomthengi. Ngemva kokuba i-oda selikhiqizwe, i-ejenti yokuthenga izobala intengo, okuhlanganisa intengo yokuqala yomkhiqizo, izindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, izimali zesevisi yokuthenga, amanani entengo, njll., bese yazisa umthengi ngezindleko eziphelele. Ngemva kokuba umthengi eqinisekisile ukuthi lilungile, i-oda lizoqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni.
Ukukhokhelwa kwenkokhelo: Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokukhokha zama-ejenti okuthenga, futhi ezivamile amakhadi esikweletu, i-PayPal, ukudluliselwa kwebhange, njll. Abathengi bakhetha indlela yokukhokha efanele yokukhokha ngokwezidingo zepulatifomu yokuthenga noma i-ejenti yokuthenga. Ngemva kokuthola inkokhelo, i-ejenti yokuthenga izoqhubeka nomsebenzi wokuthenga olandelayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhokha, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuthengiselana ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezifana nokwehluleka kokukhokha noma ukwebiwa kwemali. Ngokwezibalo, cishe u-80% wokuthengiselana kokuthenga kuqedwa ngokukhokha online, kanti izinga lempumelelo yokukhokha lidlula u-95%.
Ukulandelela nokulethwa kwezimpahla: Inqubo yezimpahla zokuthenga izimpahla ihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa okuvela kubaphakeli bangaphandle, ezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko, ukulethwa kwasekhaya kanye nezinye izixhumanisi. I-ejenti yokuthenga izonikeza inombolo ye-oda lezimpahla, futhi abathengi bangalandelela isimo sokuthuthwa kwephakheji ngesikhathi sangempela ngeplatifomu yokuthenga noma iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani yezimpahla zokuthutha. Isikhathi sezimpahla siyahlukahluka kuye ngomthombo nendlela yokuthutha yezimpahla. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-7-20 kusukela ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kuya ekutholweni kwasekhaya. Ngesikhathi senqubo yezimpahla zokuthutha, i-ejenti yokuthenga idinga ukubhekana nokubambezeleka kwezimpahla zokuthutha okungenzeka, izinto ezilahlekile kanye nezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bangathola izimpahla kahle.

2. Ukusesha nokuhlola umkhiqizo

2.1 Nquma isidingo somkhiqizo
Enkambisweni yokuthenga, ukucacisa izidingo zabathengi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Abathengi kudingeka bazise ngokucacile ama-ejenti okuthenga ngolwazi oluningiliziwe lwezimpahla abafuna ukuzithenga, okuhlanganisa uhlobo, imodeli, imininingwane, umbala, usayizi, njll. Isibonelo, lapho bethenga imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, abathengi kudingeka banikeze imodeli ethile yomkhiqizo; lapho bethenga izingubo, kudingeka babonise usayizi, umbala kanye nesitayela abasithandayo. Kuphela lapho ama-ejenti okuthenga eqonda ngokunembile izidingo zabathengi lapho bengasesha khona izimpahla ngempumelelo futhi bagweme amaphutha okuthenga abangelwa ulwazi olungalungile.

2.2 Iziteshi zokusesha nezindlela
Ngemva kokunquma izidingo zabathengi, ama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka afune izimpahla ngeziteshi eziningi. Iziteshi zokusesha ezivamile zifaka:
Amapulatifomu e-commerce angaphandle: njenge-Amazon, i-eBay, i-Rakuten, njll. Lawa mapulatifomu anezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo, amanani asobala, futhi ngokuvamile anokubuyekezwa okuningiliziwe komsebenzisi kanye nezilinganiso, okusiza ama-ejenti okuthenga ukuhlola ikhwalithi kanye nokuthandwa kwezimpahla.
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizo: Kwamanye amabhrendi asezingeni eliphezulu noma amabhrendi akhethekile, iwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni iyisiteshi esithembekile sokuthola imikhiqizo yangempela. Ama-ejenti okuthenga angasesha ngqo imikhiqizo eqondiwe ngewebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizo ukuze afunde ngezitayela zakamuva kanye nolwazi lokuphromotha lwemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, lapho uthenga izikhwama ezivela kumabhrendi athile okunethezeka, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizo iwumthombo obalulekile wemikhiqizo yangempela.
Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana nabantu: njenge-Facebook, i-Instagram, njll. Kunama-akhawunti amaningi asemthethweni emikhiqizo noma ama-akhawunti omthengisi kulezi zinkundla, lapho ama-ejenti okuthenga angafunda khona ngentuthuko yakamuva kanye nempendulo yabasebenzisi yemikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amabhrendi amancane azimele noma amabhrendi abaklami angathengisa kakhulu ngemidiya yezokuxhumana nabantu.
Izitolo ezingokoqobo ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi: Kweminye imikhiqizo edinga ukuvivinywa noma ukubonwa mathupha, njengezimonyo, izingubo, njll., ama-ejenti okuthenga angaya ezitolo ezingokoqobo kwamanye amazwe ukuze ayithenge. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nobuqiniso bemikhiqizo, kodwa futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa yezitolo ezingokoqobo, njengokubuyiselwa kwemali kanye nokushintshaniswa.
Uma befuna imikhiqizo, ama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka afunde amakhono athile okusesha, njengokusebenzisa ukusesha amagama angukhiye kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlunga, ukuze bathole ngokushesha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-ejenti okuthenga nawo kudingeka anake uhlu lwemikhiqizo ukuze agweme ukungakwazi ukuthenga ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisitoko.

2.3 Izindlela zokuhlola umkhiqizo
Ngemva kokufuna imikhiqizo eminingi ehlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi, ama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka ahlole ngokwemibandela ethile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ethengiwe ishibhile futhi isezingeni. Izindlela zokuhlola zivame ukufaka:
Intengo: Qhathanisa amanani emikhiqizo evela eziteshini ezahlukene noma kubathengisi, bese ukhetha imikhiqizo enamanani afanele futhi ancintisanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-ejenti okuthenga nawo kudingeka acabangele izici ezifana nezindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kanye nezindleko ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi intengo yokugcina iyonke ingaphakathi kwesabelomali somthengi.
Ikhwalithi: Hlola ukubuyekezwa kanye nezilinganiso zomkhiqizo ukuze uqonde ulwazi kanye nempendulo yabanye abathengi. Kwamanye amabhrendi aziwayo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ivame ukuqinisekiswa; kwamanye amabhrendi angaziwa, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ezindabeni ezihlobene nekhwalithi ekubuyekezweni kwabasebenzisi.
Idumela: Khetha abathengisi noma abaphakeli abathembekile ukuze bathenge. Ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nge-inthanethi, amaphuzu edumela lomthengisi, izinga lokudumisa, njll. kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokubhekisela. Kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni omkhiqizo noma ezitolo ezingokoqobo ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, idumela lomkhiqizo wabo kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekulinganiseni idumela.
Isitoko: Qinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ekhethiwe inesitoko esanele ukuze igweme ukungakwazi ukuthunyelwa ngesikhathi ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisitoko. Ama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka axhumane nabathengisi noma abaphakeli ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqinisekisa isimo sesitoko semikhiqizo futhi azise abathengi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-oda.
Ukuthutha: Cabanga ngendawo yokuthumela kanye nendlela yokuthutha izimpahla, bese ukhetha abathengisi noma abaphakeli abangahlinzeka ngokushesha nangokuthembekile. Isevisi Yokuthuthas. Izindlela ezahlukene zokuhamba zizothinta isikhathi nezindleko zezokuthutha. Ama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka acabangele ngokuphelele lezi zici futhi akhethe uhlelo lwezokuthutha olufanele kakhulu kubathengi.
Ngokuhlola izindinganiso ezingenhla, ama-ejenti okuthenga anganikeza abathengi imikhiqizo yokuthenga engabizi futhi ethembekile, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kanye nokwethenjwa.

3. Ukwenziwa kwe-oda nokuqinisekiswa
3.1 Ukuthumela izicelo zokuthenga
Ukuthumela izicelo zokuthenga kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile enkambisweni yokuthenga. Ngemva kokucacisa izidingo zomkhiqizo, abathengi badinga ukunikeza i-ejenti yokuthenga ulwazi oluningiliziwe. Lolu lwazi luhlanganisa uhlobo, imodeli, imininingwane, umbala, usayizi, njll. womkhiqizo, kanye nobubanzi bentengo yokuthenga obulindelekile. Isibonelo, ukuze bathenge uhlobo oluthile lwezimonyo, abathengi badinga ukunikeza igama elithile, inombolo yombala kanye nenani lokuthenga elilindelekile lomkhiqizo. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, i-ejenti yokuthenga isiza abathengi ukusesha imikhiqizo epulatifomu noma esitolo esiqondiwe, futhi inikeza izixhumanisi zomkhiqizo noma izincazelo ezinemininingwane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-ejenti yokuthenga iyaqonda ngokunembile izidingo zabathengi futhi igweme amaphutha okuthenga ngenxa yolwazi olungalungile. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-oda okuthenga angama-70% adinga ukuqinisekiswa kwesibili ngenxa yezincazelo ezingalungile zezidingo zabathengi, ngakho-ke lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile.

3.2 Ukuxoxisana ngemali kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwendlela yokukhokha
Ukuxoxisana ngemali kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuthenga. I-ejenti yokuthenga izobala izindleko eziphelele ngokusekelwe entengo yokuqala yezimpahla, izindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, izimali zesevisi ye-ejenti yokuthenga, amanani entengo, njll., bese ixoxisana nomthengi. Izindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesisindo, umthamo kanye nendlela yokuthutha yezimpahla, futhi ngokuvamile zibalwa u-10% - 30% wezindleko eziphelele; imali yesevisi ye-ejenti yokuthenga ngokuvamile ingu-5% - 15% wentengo yokuqala yezimpahla; futhi inani lentengo liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla nendawo okuvela kuyo. Isibonelo, inani lentengo lingase libe phansi uma uthenga imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi e-United States, kodwa lingase libe phezulu uma uthenga izimpahla zokunethezeka eYurophu. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokukhokha, futhi ezivame kakhulu amakhadi esikweletu, i-PayPal, ukudluliselwa kwebhange, njll. Ngokwezibalo, cishe u-80% wemisebenzi yokuthenga iqedwa ngokukhokha online, futhi izinga lempumelelo yokukhokha lidlula u-95%. I-ejenti yokuthenga kumele iqinisekise ukuphepha kwenqubo yokukhokha ukuze igweme izinkinga ezifana nokwehluleka kokukhokha noma ukwebiwa kwemali. Lapho bekhetha indlela yokukhokha, abathengi kudingeka bacabangele ukulula nokuphepha kokukhokha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo baqinisekise ukuthi ipulatifomu yokukhokha noma i-ejenti yokuthenga inedumela elihle.

3.3 Ukuqinisekiswa kolwazi lwe-oda
Ukuqinisekiswa kolwazi lwe-oda kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yokuthenga. Ngemva kokuthola isicelo sokuthenga esithunyelwe ngumthengi, i-ejenti yokuthenga izokhiqiza i-oda futhi iqophe ngokuningiliziwe yonke imininingwane yezindleko njengolwazi lomkhiqizo, inani lokuthenga, intengo, imali yokuthumela, imali yesevisi, intela, njll. Abathengi kudingeka bahlole ngokucophelela ulwazi lwe-oda ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi lunembile. Uma kutholakala noma yiziphi izinkinga, njengolwazi lomkhiqizo olungalungile, ukubalwa kwezindleko okungalungile, njll., kufanele baxhumane ne-ejenti yokuthenga ngesikhathi futhi benze izilungiso. Ngemva kokuba ulwazi lwe-oda seluqinisekisiwe futhi umthengi eqinisekisa i-oda, i-ejenti yokuthenga izoqhubekela esinyathelweni esilandelayo somsebenzi wokuthenga. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-20% ama-oda okuthenga atholakala enamaphutha olwazi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisekisa, ngakho-ke lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukugwema izinkinga ezilandelayo.

4. Inqubo Yokukhokha Nokukhokhela

4.1 Ukukhetha Indlela Yokukhokha
Enkambisweni yokuthenga, ukukhetha indlela yokukhokha kubalulekile, okuhlobene ngqo nokuphepha, ukulula kanye nezinga lempumelelo lokuthengiselana. Izindlela zokukhokha ezivamile zifaka amakhadi esikweletu, i-PayPal, ukudluliselwa kwebhange, njll. Indlela ngayinye yokukhokha inezici zayo kanye nezimo ezifanele.
Ukukhokha ngekhadi lesikweletu: Ukukhokha ngekhadi lesikweletu kungenye yezindlela zokukhokha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthengeni, okubalwa cishe ku-40%. Izinzuzo zayo ukukhokha okulula, ukwesekwa kokuthengiselana okuku-inthanethi, kanye nezinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha, njengokuvikelwa kokubuyiselwa kwemali kanye nendlela yokusingatha izingxabano zokuthengiselana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhokha ngekhadi lesikweletu kungaqoqa imikhawulo yesikweletu namaphuzu, okuletha izinzuzo ezengeziwe kubathengi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izingozi ekukhokheni ngekhadi lesikweletu, njengokuvuza kolwazi lwekhadi lesikweletu okungaholela ekusetshenzisweni okukhohlisayo, ngakho-ke abathengi kudingeka bakhethe ipulatifomu yokukhokha ethembekile futhi baqinisekise ukuphepha kwendawo yokuthengiselana.
Inkokhelo ye-PayPal: I-PayPal iyipulatifomu yokukhokha evela eceleni edumile emhlabeni wonke, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthengiselaneni kwamanye amazwe, ebalelwa cishe ku-30%. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokukhokha nokuqoqa ezilula kokubili abathengi nabathengisi, futhi inokuphepha okuphezulu nokuthembeka. I-PayPal inikeza inqubomgomo yokuvikela umthengi, uma umkhiqizo ungahambisani nencazelo noma umkhiqizo ungamukelwa, umthengi angafaka isicelo sokubuyiselwa imali noma isinxephezelo. Ngokuthenga egameni labanye, i-PayPal iyindlela yokukhokha ephephile nethembekile, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-PayPal ingaba nemikhawulo yokusebenzisa kwamanye amazwe nezifunda, futhi ingakhokhisa imali ethile yokuthengiselana.
Ukudluliselwa Kwebhange: Ukudluliselwa Kwebhange kuyindlela yokukhokha yendabuko, ebiza cishe u-20%. Ifanele ukuthengiselana okukhulu noma izimo zokuthengiselana ezidinga ukuphepha okuphezulu. Izinzuzo zokudluliselwa kwebhange ukuhamba kwemali okucacile, amarekhodi okuthengiselana alandelekayo, kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi kokudluliselwa kwebhange ukuthi umsebenzi unzima kakhulu, udinga ukucutshungulwa ekhawunteni lasebhange noma ngebhange eliku-inthanethi, futhi isikhathi sokudluliselwa side, okungathatha izinsuku zokusebenza eziyi-1-3 ukufika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliselwa kwebhange kungadinga imali ethile, futhi umthelela wokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushintshana kumele ucatshangelwe lapho kudluliswa ngaphesheya kwemingcele.

4.2 Ukuphepha kokukhokha kanye nokuvimbela ubungozi
Ukuphepha kwenkokhelo kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile esingenakunakwa enkambisweni yokuthenga. Abathengi kanye nama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka bathathe izinyathelo eziningana zokuvimbela izingozi zokukhokha nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuthengiselana.
Abathengi:
Khetha ipulatifomu yokukhokha ethembekile: Abathengi kufanele banikeze kuqala amapulatifomu okukhokha anedumela eliphezulu kanye nedumela elihle lokuthengiselana, njengokukhetha isiteshi sokukhokha esisemthethweni sebhange lapho bekhokha ngekhadi lesikweletu, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-akhawunti abo aphephile futhi athembekile lapho besebenzisa i-PayPal. Lawa mapulatifomu ngokuvamile anezinyathelo zokuphepha eziphelele kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ubungozi, ezinganciphisa ngempumelelo izingozi zokukhokha.
Vikela ulwazi lomuntu siqu: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhokha, abathengi kudingeka bavikele ulwazi lwabo lomuntu siqu, njengenombolo yekhadi lesikweletu, iphasiwedi, inombolo kamazisi, njll. Gwema ukwenza imisebenzi yokukhokha endaweni yenethiwekhi yomphakathi ukuze uvimbele ukwebiwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushintsha amaphasiwedi njalo nokwandisa ubunzima bamaphasiwedi nakho kungathuthukisa ukuphepha kwama-akhawunti ngempumelelo.
Hlola ngokucophelela ulwazi lokuthengiselana: Ngaphambi kokukhokha, abathengi kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela ulwazi lokuthengiselana, okuhlanganisa igama lomkhiqizo, intengo, ubuningi, ikheli lokulethwa, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lokuthengiselana lunembile. Uma kutholakala izinkinga, kufanele baxhumane ne-ejenti yokuthenga ngesikhathi esifanele futhi benze izinguquko ukuze bagweme ukwehluleka kokukhokha noma ukwehluleka ukuletha izimpahla ngendlela efanele ngenxa yolwazi olungalungile.
I-ejenti yokuthenga:
Qinisa ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwe-akhawunti: Ama-ejenti okuthenga adinga ukuvuselela amaphasiwedi ama-akhawunti okukhokha njalo futhi agweme ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphasiwedi okulula kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, vula imisebenzi yokuvikela ukuphepha ye-akhawunti, njengekhodi yokuqinisekisa i-SMS, ukuqashelwa kweminwe, njll., ukuze wandise ukuphepha kwe-akhawunti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele futhi ihlole njalo amarekhodi okuthengiselana kwe-akhawunti, ithole ngokushesha ukuthengiselana okungajwayelekile futhi ithathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
Khetha isiteshi sokukhokha esiphephile: Lapho uqoqa izinkokhelo, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele ikhethe isiteshi sokukhokha esiphephile nesithembekile futhi igweme ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu okukhokha angaphephile avela eceleni. Ekukhokheni amakhadi esikweletu, ukuphepha kwendawo yokuthengiselana kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kolwazi lwekhadi lesikweletu. Ekudluliselweni kwebhange, ukunemba kolwazi lwe-akhawunti etholayo kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukungakwazi kwemali ukufika ngenxa yamaphutha e-akhawunti.
Misa indlela yokuxwayisa ngengozi: I-ejenti yokuthenga ingasungula indlela yokuxwayisa ngengozi ukuqapha inani lokuthengiselana, imvamisa yokuthengiselana, isikhathi sokuthengiselana, njll. Uma kutholakala ukuthengiselana okungajwayelekile, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, njengokumisa ukuthengiselana, ukuxhumana nomthengi ukuze kuqinisekiswe, njll., ukuvimbela izingozi zokukhokha.

4.3 Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkokhelo kanye nokukhishwa kwe-invoyisi
Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkokhelo kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile enkambisweni yokuthenga, okuphawula ukuqedwa okusemthethweni kokuthengiselana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhishwa kwama-invoyisi nakho kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuvikela amalungelo abathengi.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkokhelo: Ngemva kokuthola inkokhelo kumthengi, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele iqinisekise ngokushesha inkokhelo futhi yazise umthengi ukuthi inkokhelo iphumelele. Izindlela zokuqinisekisa inkokhelo zivame ukufaka izaziso ze-SMS, izaziso ze-imeyili, noma izaziso ezisendaweni zesikhulumi sokuthenga. Ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kwenkokhelo, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele ihlele ukuthengwa nokulethwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bangathola izimpahla ngesikhathi. Ngokwezibalo, ukufika ngesikhathi kokuqinisekiswa kwenkokhelo kunomthelela omkhulu ekwanelisekeni kwabathengi. Cishe ama-80% abathengi banethemba lokuthola ulwazi lokuqinisekiswa kwenkokhelo zingakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokukhokha.
Ukukhishwa kwe-invoyisi: Ama-invoyisi ayisisekelo esibalulekile sokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abathengi. Ama-ejenti okuthenga kufanele akhiphe ama-invoyisi ngokwezidingo zabathengi. Okuqukethwe kwe-invoyisi kufanele kufake ulwazi oluningiliziwe njengegama lomkhiqizo, intengo, ubuningi, usuku lokuthenga, njll. ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso nokunemba kwe-invoyisi. Kwabanye abathengi abadinga ukubuyiselwa imali, ukukhishwa kwama-invoyisi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ama-ejenti okuthenga kufanele ahlinzeke ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhishwa kwe-invoyisi, njenge-invoyisi kagesi, ama-invoyisi amaphepha, njll., ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabathengi abahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-ejenti okuthenga kufanele futhi aqinisekise ukuba semthethweni nokuhambisana nama-invoyisi ukuze kugwenywe izingxabano ezibangelwa izinkinga ze-invoyisi.

5. Ukulandelela kanye nokulethwa kwempahla

5.1 Ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokuthutha
Enqubweni yokuthenga, ukukhetha izindlela zokuthutha kunomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezokuthutha, izindleko kanye nokuphepha kwezimpahla. I-ejenti yokuthenga idinga ukucabangela ngokuphelele futhi ikhethe indlela yokuthutha efanele ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nohlobo, isisindo, umthamo wezimpahla kanye nezidingo zesikhathi sokulethwa komthengi.
I-International Express: I-International Express ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuthutha kuma-ejenti okuthenga, enezinzuzo zesivinini sokuhamba esisheshayo, ububanzi besevisi, kanye nolwazi oluningiliziwe lokulandelela amaphakheji. Isibonelo, izinkampani ze-international express ezifana ne-DHL, i-FedEx, kanye ne-UPS ngokuvamile zingathutha izimpahla zisuka kwamanye amazwe ziye emadolobheni amakhulu asekhaya zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-3-7. Izindleko zayo ziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa inganikeza abathengi iziqinisekiso zokuhamba ezithembeke kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-60% ezimpahla ezithengiwe akhetha i-international express njengezokuthutha, ngesikhathi sokuhamba esimaphakathi esingaba yizinsuku ezi-5 kanye nezinga lempumelelo lokuhamba elingaphezu kwama-98%.
Iphasela leposi: Iphasela leposi (njenge-China Post, i-US Postal Service, njll.) liyindlela yokuthutha engabizi kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu, efanelekile ukuthutha izimpahla ezilula nezincane. Izindleko zalo ziphansi kakhulu, kodwa isikhathi sokuthutha side, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-7-20. Inzuzo yamaphasela eposi ukuthi ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi kubanzi, kungafinyelela ezindaweni ezithile ezikude, futhi kunendlela yomshuwalense ephelele ngesikhathi sokuthutha, okunciphisa ingozi yokulahleka noma ukulimala kwephasela. Cishe u-30% wezimpahla ezithengwe egameni labanye zithunyelwa ngamaphasela eposi, isikhathi sokuthumela esimaphakathi singaba yizinsuku ezingu-12 kanye nesilinganiso sempumelelo yokuthumela esingaba ngu-95%.
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuzinikele: Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuzinikele kubhekisela endleleni yokuthunyelwa kwempahla evulelwe ngqo izwe noma isifunda esithile, ngokuvamile eqhutshwa yinkampani yokuthunyelwa kwempahla yobungcweti. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuzinikele kunezinzuzo zentengo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha okuphezulu lapho kuthunyelwa izimpahla ezivela ezweni noma isifunda esithile. Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuzinikele kwamazwe ase-Asia njengeJapan neNingizimu Korea kunezikhathi zokuthumela ezimfushane futhi ngokuvamile kungalethwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-5-10. Izindleko zokuthunyelwa kwempahla okuzinikele ziphakathi kwamaphasela ahamba phambili aphesheya kanye namaphasela eposi, kanti izinga lempumelelo yokuthunyelwa licishe libe ngu-97%.

5.2 Ukulandelela ulwazi lwezokuthutha
Ukulandelela ulwazi lwezokuthutha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuthenga. Kuvumela abathengi ukuqonda isimo sokuthuthwa kwezimpahla ngesikhathi sangempela futhi kuthuthukise ulwazi lokuthenga lwabathengi kanye nokuthembana. Ngemva kokuthunyelwa kokuthenga, iqembu elithengayo lizonikeza inombolo ye-oda lezokuthutha. Abathengi bangahlola indawo yesikhathi sangempela, isimo sokuthuthwa kanye nesikhathi sokufika esilinganiselwe sephakheji ngeplatifomu yokuthenga noma iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani yezokuthutha.
Imvamisa yokuvuselelwa kolwazi lwe-logistics: Izindlela ezahlukene ze-logistics kanye nezinkampani ze-logistics zinemvamisa yokuvuselelwa kolwazi lwe-logistics ehlukene. Izinkampani ze-International Express zivame ukuvuselela ulwazi lwe-logistics njalo emahoreni angu-2-4, ukuze abathengi baqonde ukuguquguquka kokuthutha kwamaphakheji ngesikhathi esifanele; ulwazi lwe-logistics lwamaphakheji eposi lubuyekezwa kancane kancane, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku; imvamisa yokuvuselelwa kwe-logistics ezinikele iphakathi kwamabili, ibuyekezwa njalo emahoreni angu-6-12. Ukuvuselelwa ngesikhathi kolwazi lwe-logistics kusiza abathengi ukulungiselela ukulethwa kusenesikhathi futhi kunciphise ukukhathazeka okubangelwa ukubambezeleka noma ukulahleka kwephakheji.
Ukunemba kolwazi lwezokuthutha: Ukunemba kolwazi lwezokuthutha kubalulekile kokubili kubathengi kanye nama-ejenti okuthenga. Ngokwezibalo, izinkampani zezokuthutha ezinokunemba okuphezulu kolwazi lwezokuthutha (njenge-DHL, i-UPS, njll.) zinesilinganiso sokunemba kolwazi esingaphezu kuka-99%, kuyilapho ezinye izinkampani ezincane zezokuthutha zingase zibe nesilinganiso sokunemba kolwazi esingaba ngu-90% kuphela lapho zikhetha abalingani bezokuthutha, ama-ejenti okuthenga kufanele anikeze kuqala izinkampani zezokuthutha ngezibuyekezo zolwazi ezifika ngesikhathi nezinembile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesevisi.

5.3 Ukuphathwa kokukhishwa kokulethwa
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthenga izinto, kungase kube khona okunye ukwehluka kokulethwa, njengokulibaziseka kwephakeji, ukulahleka, umonakalo, njll. Ama-ejenti okuthenga adinga ukusungula indlela ephelele yokusingatha okwehlukile ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga ngesikhathi esifanele nokuvikela amalungelo nezintshisekelo zabathengi.
Ukuphathwa kokulibaziseka kwephakheji: Ukulibaziseka kwephakheji kuyinkinga evamile, okungase kubangelwe yizici ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuhlolwa kwentela, kanye nesikhathi esiphezulu sezokuthutha. Ngemva kokuthola ukulibaziseka kwephakheji, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele ixhumane nenkampani yezokuthutha ngesikhathi ukuze iqonde imbangela yokulibaziseka futhi yazise umthengi ngolwazi olufanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ejenti yokuthenga inganikeza abathengi izindlela ezithile zokunxephezela, njengokwandisa isikhathi sokulethwa nokunikeza amakhuphoni, njll., ukuze kuncishiswe ukungoneliseki kwabathengi. Ngokwezibalo, izinga lokuphathwa kokulibaziseka kwephakheji ngesikhathi esifanele linomthelela omkhulu ekwanelisekeni kwabathengi. Izinga lokwaneliseka lokuphathwa ngesikhathi esifanele lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-85%, kanti izinga lokwaneliseka lokuphathwa ngesikhathi esifanele lingase lehle liye ngaphansi kuka-60%.
Ukuphathwa kokulahlekelwa yiphakheji: Ukulahleka kwephakheji kuyinto engajwayelekile kakhulu yokulethwa, futhi i-ejenti yokuthenga idinga ukuqala inqubo yokufaka isimangalo ngesikhathi. Okokuqala, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele iqinisekise iqiniso lokulahleka kwephakheji nenkampani yokufaka isimangalo futhi isize abathengi ekusingatheni izinqubo zesimangalo. Ngokwemithetho yenkampani yokufaka isimangalo, abathengi kungadingeka banikeze izinto ezisekelayo ezifanele njengerisidi lokuthenga kanye nezinombolo ze-oda le-logistics. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka isimangalo, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele iqhubeke nokuxhumana nabathengi futhi inikeze impendulo ngesikhathi ngenqubekela phambili yesimangalo. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sesimangalo sokulahlekelwa yiphakheji siyizinsuku ezingu-7-15, kanti izinga lempumelelo yesimangalo licishe libe ngu-90%. I-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele futhi icabangele ukuthi izophinde ithenge izimpahla kumthengi noma inikeze ezinye izinhlelo zesinxephezelo ngokusekelwe esimweni sangempela.
Ukuphathwa komonakalo wephakheji: Iphakheji ingase yonakale ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ngemva kokuthola impendulo evela kumthengi, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele ixhumane ngokushesha nenkampani yezokuthutha ukuqinisekisa umonakalo futhi ithathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngokuya ngezinga lomonakalo. Ezimpahleni ezonakele kancane, i-ejenti yokuthenga inganikeza izinsizakalo zokulungisa noma imbuyiselo engaphelele; emikhiqizweni eyonakele kakhulu nengasetshenziswa, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele iphathe imbuyiselo ephelele noma ithenge kabusha izimpahla kumthengi. Lapho iphatha izinkinga zomonakalo wephakheji, i-ejenti yokuthenga idinga ukugcina ubufakazi obufanele ukuze ihlukanise imisebenzi nenkampani yezokuthutha futhi ixoxisane ngesinxephezelo esilandelayo.

6. Ukuhlaziywa Kwe-Supply Chain

6.1 Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Yochungechunge Lokunikezela
Iketanga lokuhlinzeka liyisakhiwo seketanga lenethiwekhi esiyinkimbinkimbi esisebenza kahle esijikeleza ibhizinisi eliyinhloko, kusukela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza, bese ekugcineni silethe imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo kubathengi. Lihilela izixhumanisi eziningi ezifana nabahlinzeki, abakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, kanye nabathengisi, futhi likhulisa inani lemikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo ngokusebenzisana kwempahla, ukugeleza kolwazi, kanye nokugeleza kwemali. Isibonelo, iketanga lokuhlinzeka le-smartphone, kusukela kubahlinzeki be-chip, isikrini kanye nabanye, kuya ezimbonini zokuhlanganisa, kuya kubasabalalisi nabathengisi, futhi ekugcineni kuya kubathengi, isixhumanisi ngasinye sixhumene kakhulu futhi asibalulekile.

6.2 Izici Zokuthenga Uchungechunge Lokunikezela
Ukuthenga uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kunezici ezihlukile, ezihlukile kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka lwendabuko:
Ukweqa umngcele: Ukuthenga uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kuhilela ukuthengwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi kudinga ukubhekana nemithethonqubo, izinqubomgomo zentela kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha zamazwe ahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuthenga izimpahla zokunethezeka ezivela eYurophu kudinga ukucabangela inqubomgomo yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-EU kanye nentela yokungenisa yaseShayina, okwandisa ubunzima kanye nokungaqiniseki kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Ukwehlukahlukana Kwezidingo: Ukuthenga isidingo kuvame ukuba ngekwakho futhi kuhlukahlukene, futhi abathengi banezidingo ezicacile zomkhiqizo, imodeli, umbala, usayizi, njll. wezimpahla. Ukuthenga uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kudingeka lukwazi ukuphendula ngendlela eguquguqukayo kulezi zidingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso futhi lunikeze izinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-oda okuthenga angama-70% ahilela izidingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, njengezimpahla zezitayela noma imibala ethile.
Ukuhambisana nesikhathi: Abathengi banezidingo eziphezulu zokuhambisana nesikhathi sokuthenga izimpahla futhi banethemba lokuthola izimpahla ngokushesha okukhulu. Uchungechunge lokuthengwa ludinga ukwenziwa ngcono ekuxhumaneni kokuthengwa, ukuthutha kanye nokusabalalisa ukuze kufinyezwe isikhathi sezokuthutha. Isibonelo, izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe i-DHL kanye ne-FedEx zifinyeze isikhathi sokuthutha izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ziye eShayina saba yizinsuku ezingu-3-7 ngokwenza ngcono imizila yezokuthutha kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulethwa.
Ukungalingani kolwazi: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthenga, kukhona ukungalingani kolwazi phakathi kwabathengi nama-ejenti okuthenga. Abathengi bangase bangabi nolwazi olwanele mayelana nezimo zemakethe kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamanani ezimpahla zakwamanye amazwe. Ama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka anciphise ukungalingani kolwazi futhi athuthukise ukwethenjwa kwabathengi ngokuxhumana kolwazi okusobala kanye nezinsizakalo zobungcweti.

6.3 Iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuncintisana kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngokuthenga, ukwenza ngcono kungenziwa kusukela kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukuphathwa Kwabahlinzeki: Khetha abahlinzeki abathembekile bese usungula ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside nobuzinzile. Qinisekisa ikhwalithi yezimpahla kanye nokuzinza kokunikezwa ngokubambisana okuseduze nabahlinzeki. Isibonelo, ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abasemthethweni bemikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe eyaziwayo kungathola imikhiqizo engcono kanye namanani amahle kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa izimpahla: Khetha abalingani bezimpahla abafanele ukuze uthuthukise imizila yezokuthutha kanye nezindlela zokuthutha. Ezimpahleni ezinenani eliphezulu noma ezithinta isikhathi, ukulethwa okusheshayo kwamanye amazwe kuyathandwa; ezimpahleni ezilula nezinomthamo omncane, amaphasela eposi noma izimpahla ezinikezelwe kungacatshangelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulandelela izimpahla busetshenziswa ukuqapha isimo sokuthuthwa kwamaphasela ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucaca kanye nokulawulwa kwezimpahla.
Ukwabelana ngolwazi: Sungula ipulatifomu yokwabelana ngolwazi ukuze kufezwe ukwabelana ngolwazi ngesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwama-ejenti okuthenga, abaphakeli kanye namaqembu ezokuthutha. Ngokwabelana ngolwazi, izinguquko ezidingweni zemakethe, isimo sempahla kanye nokuguquguquka kwezokuthutha kungaqondwa ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi isivinini sokuphendula kanye nokuguquguquka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kungathuthukiswa. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa isikhombikubona solwazi lwezokuthutha sepulatifomu ye-e-commerce, abathengi bangabuza ngesimo sokuthuthwa kwephasela ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula ubungozi: Misa indlela yokuxwayisa ngengozi kusenesikhathi ukuze kutholakale futhi kuhlolwe izingozi ezingaba khona ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka. Isibonelo, naka izinguquko esimweni sezepolitiki nezomnotho samazwe ngamazwe, ukulungiswa kwezinqubomgomo zentela, njll., dala izindlela zokuphendula kusenesikhathi, futhi unciphise umthelela wezingozi ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, thenga umshwalense wephasela ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.
Indlela yokuphendula amakhasimende: Misa indlela ephelele yokuphendula amakhasimende, uqoqe impendulo yabathengi ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi uthuthukise izinsizakalo njalo. Isibonelo, ngokwempendulo yabathengi, lungisa isu lokuthenga umkhiqizo, indlela yokuthutha noma isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa ukuze uthuthukise ukwaneliseka kwabathengi nokwethembeka.

7. Ukuphathwa kwezingozi kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa

7.1 Ukuhlonza ubungozi benqubo yokuthenga
Inqubo yokuthenga ihilela izixhumanisi eziningi, ngasinye esingase sibhekane nezingozi ezahlukene. Nazi izindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlonza ubungozi:
Ingozi yokuthengwa komkhiqizo:
Ingozi yedumela lomhlinzeki: Umhlinzeki okhethwe yi-ejenti yokuthenga angase abe nedumela elibi, okuholela ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo engaphansi kwejwayelekile noma ekuhlinzekweni okungazinzile. Isibonelo, abanye abahlinzeki abancane bangase bangakwazi ukuletha izimpahla ngesikhathi noma ukuhlinzeka ngezimpahla ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ngenxa yezinkinga zezimali noma ukuphathwa okubi. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-oda okuthenga ayi-10% ayabambezeleka noma angaphansi kwekhwalithi ngenxa yezinkinga zabahlinzeki.
Ingozi yokuguquguquka kwentengo: Amanani empahla yangaphandle angashintsha ngenxa yezinguquko zemakethe, ukuphela kwemisebenzi yokuphromotha noma ukuguquguquka kwesilinganiso sokushintshana, okuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokuthenga ze-ejenti yokuthenga futhi kuthinte izinzuzo. Isibonelo, ukuguquguquka kwesilinganiso sokushintshana kungakhuphula izindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla ngo-5% - 10%.
Izingozi zezokuthutha nezokuthutha:
Ingozi yokubambezeleka kwezokuthutha: Ngesikhathi senqubo yezokuthutha, amaphakheji angase abambezeleke ngenxa yezici ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuhlolwa kwentela, kanye nezikhathi eziphakeme zokuthutha. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-20% amaphakheji okuthenga azobambezeleka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kanye nokubambezeleka okumaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5.
Ingozi yokulahleka nomonakalo wephakheji: Iphakheji ingase ilahleke noma yonakale ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa ngenxa yokusebenza kabi kwempahla noma indawo yokuthutha engeyinhle. Izinga lokulahleka kwamaphakheji ahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke licishe libe ngu-1%, kanti izinga lokulahleka kwamaphakheji eposi licishe libe ngu-3%, kuyilapho izinga lomonakalo wephakheji lihlukahluka kuye ngendlela yokuthutha kanye nohlobo lwezimpahla, ngesilinganiso somonakalo esingaba ngu-2%.
Ingozi yokukhokha inkokhelo:
Ingozi yokuphepha kwenkokhelo: Ukuthenga ukuthengiselana kuhilela izinkokhelo eziwela imingcele, futhi kungase kube nezinkinga zokuphepha njengokuvuza kolwazi kanye nokukhwabanisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhokha. Ngokwezibalo, cishe u-5% wokuthengiselana kokukhokha kokuthenga kunezingozi zokuphepha, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali kwabathengi.
Ingozi yokwehluleka kokukhokha: Ukwehluleka kokukhokha kungenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga zenethiwekhi, ukwehluleka kwepulatifomu yokukhokha, noma ibhalansi enganele kuma-akhawunti abathengi. Izinga lokwehluleka kokukhokha licishe libe ngu-3%-5%, okuzothinta inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yenqubo yokuthenga.
Izingozi zomthetho nezokulawula:
Izingozi zenqubomgomo yokungenisa impahla: Izinqubomgomo zokungenisa impahla emazweni nasezifundeni ezahlukene zingashintsha, njengokulungiswa kwentela, imikhawulo yesabelo sokungenisa impahla, noma ukuvinjelwa kwempahla. Ama-ejenti okuthenga adinga ukunaka kakhulu izinguquko zenqubomgomo ukuze agweme ukungakwazi ukungenisa impahla noma ukwanda kwezindleko ngenxa yokulungiswa kwenqubomgomo. Isibonelo, intela yokungenisa impahla ethile kwamanye amazwe ingakhuphuka ngokuzumayo, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwezindleko zokuthenga.
Ingozi yempahla yobuhlakani: Izimpahla ezithengwe egameni labanye zingase zihilele izinkinga zempahla yobuhlakani, njengemikhiqizo mbumbulu nengabalulekile noma amakhophi angagunyaziwe. Ama-ejenti okuthenga kudingeka aqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla ezithengiwe ziyiqiniso ukuze agweme izingozi zomthetho ngenxa yokwephulwa kwamalungelo empahla yobuhlakani.
Ingozi yokushintsha kwesidingo sabathengi:
Ingozi yokukhanselwa kwesidingo: Abathengi bangase bakhansele ama-oda okuthenga ngenxa yezizathu zomuntu siqu noma izinguquko zemakethe. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-oda okuthenga ayi-15% akhanselwa ngabathengi ngaphambi kokuthenga, okuzoholela ekuchithweni kwezinsiza kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe zama-ejenti okuthenga.
Ingozi yokushintsha kwesidingo: Abathengi bangashintsha izidingo zabo zemininingwane yomkhiqizo, ubuningi noma umbala ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthenga, okuzoletha ubunzima ekuthengeni nasekulungiseni izinto ezidingekayo kuma-ejenti okuthenga.

7.2 Izindlela Zokuvimbela Ingozi
Ukuphendula izingozi ezingenhla, i-ejenti yokuthenga ingathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ubungozi ezilandelayo:
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwabaphakeli:
Misa uhlelo lokuhlola umhlinzeki: yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwedumela lomhlinzeki, amakhono okulawula ikhwalithi, ukuzinza kokunikezwa, njll., bese ukhetha abahlinzeki abanedumela elihle nekhwalithi ethembekile ukuze usungule ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside. Buyekeza futhi uhlole abahlinzeki njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezidingo.
Sayina inkontileka eqinile: Sayina inkontileka yokuthenga enemininingwane nomhlinzeki ukuze kucaciswe imigomo efana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yezimpahla, isikhathi sokulethwa, kanye nesibopho sokwephulwa kwenkontileka ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo nezintshisekelo zezinhlangothi zombili.
Ukulawulwa kwengozi yezokuthutha:
Khetha ozakwethu bezokuthutha abasezingeni eliphezulu: sebenzisana nezinkampani zezokuthutha ezinedumela elihle kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yesevisi, njenge-DHL, i-FedEx kanye nezinye izinkampani ze-express zamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kanye nokuhambisana nesikhathi kwezokuthutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, thenga umshwalense wokuthutha wephakheji ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa noma umonakalo.
Lungiselela imizila yezokuthutha: Ngokusho komthombo nendawo lapho izimpahla ziya khona, khetha indlela engcono kakhulu yezokuthutha ukuze ugweme ukubambezeleka okubangelwa ukwehla okukhulu kwezimpahla noma isimo sezulu esibi. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulandelela ezokuthutha ukuze uqaphe isimo sokuthuthwa kwephakheji ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi uthole ngokushesha futhi ubhekane nezimo ezingavamile.
Ukuphepha kokukhokha kanye nokuphathwa kwezingozi:
Sebenzisa izindlela zokukhokha eziphephile: beka phambili izindlela zokukhokha eziphephile kakhulu, njenge-PayPal, amakhadi esikweletu, njll., futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ipulatifomu yokukhokha inezindlela zokuvikela eziphelele zokuphepha. Uma kwenziwa imisebenzi emikhulu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwemali ebhange futhi usebenze ngemigudu esemthethweni.
Misa indlela yokuxwayisa ngengozi yokukhokha: qapha ukuthengiselana kokukhokha ngesikhathi sangempela, thola ukuziphatha okungavamile kokuthengiselana, njengokukhokha okukhulu okuvamile, ukungena ngemvume okude, njll., futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuvimbela izingozi.
Ukuphathwa kokuthobela imithetho nemigomo:
Gxila ezindleleni zenqubomgomo: I-ejenti yokuthenga idinga ukunaka kakhulu izinguquko ezinqubweni zokungenisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukulungiswa kwentela, imithetho nemigomo yempahla yobuhlakani, futhi ilungise isu le-ejenti yokuthenga ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuthobela imithetho.
Ukubonisana kwezomthetho kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuthobela imithetho: Qhuba ukubonisana kwezomthetho njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi le-ejenti yokuthenga lilandela imithetho nemigomo efanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qhuba ukuqeqeshwa kokuthobela imithetho yama-ejenti okuthenga ukuze uthuthukise ukuqwashisa kwawo kwezomthetho kanye namakhono okuvimbela ubungozi.
Ukuphathwa kwesidingo sabathengi:
Inqubo yokuqinisekisa isidingo ecacile: Ngaphambi kokuthenga, xhumana ngokugcwele nabathengi, ucacise izidingo zomkhiqizo, futhi ucele abathengi ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi lwesidingo lulungile ngaphambi kokuthenga. Ukuze kube noshintsho ekudingweni, sungula inqubo yokugunyaza eqinile ukuqinisekisa amalungelo nezintshisekelo zabo bobabili abathintekayo.
Nikeza izinqubomgomo zokubuyiselwa kwemali nezishintshayo: yakha izinqubomgomo zokubuyiselwa kwemali nezishintshayo ezifanele, okuvumela abathengi ukuthi bakhansele noma bashintshe ama-oda ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kodwa kudingeka imali efanele yokuphatha ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa yizindleko ze-ejenti yokuthenga.

7.3 Isiqinisekiso senkonzo yangemva kokuthengisa
Isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa esezingeni eliphezulu iyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kanye nokwethembeka. I-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele inikeze iziqinisekiso zesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa ezilandelayo:
Sungula iziteshi zempendulo yamakhasimende:
Impendulo yeziteshi eziningi: Nikeza iziteshi eziningi zempendulo, njengesevisi yamakhasimende eku-inthanethi, i-imeyili, ucingo, njll., ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukubuza imibuzo neziphakamiso nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Qinisekisa ukuthi iziteshi zempendulo aziphazamiseki futhi uphendule impendulo yabathengi ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukubuyela njalo: Vakashela abathengi njalo ukuze uqonde ukwaneliseka kwabo ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezithengiwe, bese uthola futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokushesha.
Inqubomgomo yokubuyisela nokushintshanisa:
Imibandela ecacile yokubuyisa nokushintshanisa: yakha izinqubomgomo ezicacile zokubuyisa nokushintshanisa, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokubuyisa nokushintshanisa, imibandela, izinqubo, njll., bese uchazela abathengi ngaphambi kokuthenga. Isibonelo, vumela abathengi ukuthi babuyisele futhi bashintshanisane izimpahla zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 zokuthola izimpahla ngenxa yezinkinga zekhwalithi noma ukungafani nencazelo.
Yenza lula inqubo yokubuyisa nokushintshanisa: Yenza lula inqubo yokubuyisa nokushintshanisa ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga zabathengi. I-ejenti yokuthenga izothwala izindleko zezokuthutha zokubuyisa nokushintshanisa, futhi iphathe isicelo sokubuyisa nokushintshanisa ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bangayixazulula ngokushesha inkinga.
Ukusingatha izinkinga zekhwalithi:
Ukuhlonza izinkinga zekhwalithi: Misa amazinga okuhlonza izinkinga zekhwalithi, bese uqinisekisa futhi uphathe izinkinga zekhwalithi ezibikwe ngabathengi ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kuyinkinga yekhwalithi, umthengi kufanele abuyiselwe ngokushesha noma abuyiselwe imali yakhe, futhi inkinga kufanele ixazululwe ngokuxoxisana nomhlinzeki.
Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi: Hlaziya futhi ufingqe izinkinga zekhwalithi, thatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi kwezixhumanisi zokuthenga nezokuthutha, futhi ugweme izinkinga ezifanayo ukuthi zingaphinde zenzeke.
Indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano:
Ukulamula kwangaphakathi: Uma kunezingxabano phakathi kwabathengi nama-ejenti okuthenga, sungula indlela yokulamula yangaphakathi, ulamula futhi ubhekane nazo ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ugweme ukwanda kwezingxabano.
Usizo lwezomthetho: Nikeza usizo lwezomthetho uma kudingeka ukusiza abathengi ukuvikela amalungelo abo asemthethweni kanye nezintshisekelo zabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ejenti yokuthenga kufanele futhi ixazulule izingxabano nabaphakeli noma izinkampani zezokuthutha ngokusebenzisa imigudu yezomthetho ukuvikela amalungelo ayo kanye nezintshisekelo zayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkonzo okuqhubekayo:
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nokwenza ngcono: Qoqa futhi uhlaziye idatha yesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa, uqonde izidingo zabathengi kanye nezindawo ezibuhlungu, futhi uthuthukise izinqubo zesevisi kanye nekhwalithi ngokuqhubekayo. Isibonelo, thuthukisa amasu okuthenga umkhiqizo, izindlela zokuthutha noma izinqubomgomo zesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yabathengi.
Ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa: Qeqesha njalo ama-ejenti okuthenga kanye nabasebenzi benkonzo yamakhasimende ukuze uthuthukise ulwazi lwabo ngenkonzo kanye namakhono ochwepheshe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi bangahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kubathengi.