Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te pounamu whāngai mō te pēpi

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te pounamu mō te pēpi hou

1. Kōwhiria te rauemi o te pounamu pēpi

1.1 Ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te karāhe Ngā Pounamu Pēpi
Ngā pounamu pēpi karāhe tētahi o ngā rauemi tuku iho mō te pounamu pēpi, ā, ko ēnei ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Ngā Painga:
Haumaru teitei: Ko te wāhanga matua o ngā pounamu pēpi karāhe ko te hauhā silicon, he āhuatanga matū pumau, ā, e kore e tuku i ngā matū kino, he mea kore kino ki te hauora o ngā pēpi hou. Hei tauira, ko ngā pounamu pēpi karāhe kua tino whakamatautauria, e kore e tuku i ngā matū kino pērā i te bisphenol A nā te pāmahana teitei, nā te whakamahinga roa rānei, pērā i ētahi pounamu pēpi kirihou i raro i te whakamahinga noa.
Te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei: Ko te pāmahana ātete wera o ngā pounamu pēpi karāhe he nui ake i te 100℃, he teitei ake rānei, ā, ka taea te tu atu i te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei pēnei i te whakahoromata mamaoa, te whakahoromata kohua rānei, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te akuaku o ngā pounamu pēpi me te whakaiti i te tipu o te huakita, kia pai ai mō ngā pēpi hou.
Ngāwari ki te horoi: He maeneene te mata o te karāhe, ā, kāore e ngāwari te waiho i ngā paru me ngā haunga miraka. Ka taea te horoi mā te horoi ki te wai ma, mā te paraihe mārie rānei ki te paraihe pounamu, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te tipu o ngā huakita i roto i ngā pounamu pēpi.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
Pakaru: He pakarukaru ngā mea hanga o ngā pounamu karāhe, ā, he ngāwari ki te pakaru. Kia taka rā anō, ka pakaru pea, ka tūpono ai te haumaru. Ina koa ka piki haere te nekenekehanga o te pēpi hou, me tino tupato te whakamahi i ngā pounamu karāhe.
Taumaha: He nui te matotoru o te karāhe, ā, he taumaha rawa ngā pounamu karāhe. Mēnā ka roa te whakamahinga, ka pāngia pea ngā mātua, ngā kaitiaki rānei o ngā pēpi hou e te taumahatanga, inā koa mēnā he maha ngā wā e whāngai ana i ngā pēpi.
Te utu nui: Ki te whakaritea ki ngā pounamu kirihou, he nui ake ngā utu hanga o ngā pounamu karāhe, nō reira he nui ake hoki ngā utu mākete, ka piki ake pea ngā utu tiaki tamariki a te whānau.
1.2 Ngā momo me ngā āhuatanga o ngā pounamu kirihou
He mea nui anō hoki ngā pounamu kirihou i te mākete nā te mea he māmā, he kore hoki e pakaru. Ko ngā rauemi e whai ake nei e hanga ana i ngā pounamu kirihou noa:
Ngā pounamu polypropylene (PP):
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ko ngā pounamu PP te momo pounamu kirihou tino noa i te mākete. He pai te ātete ki te wera, ā, ko te pāmahana ātete ki te wera he tata ki te 120°C, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia patu huakita o ia rā. Kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he kakara o ngā rauemi PP, ā, he pumau tonu ō rātou āhuatanga matū. Kāore e tukuna he matū kino i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa, ā, he haumaru, he pono hoki mō ngā pēpi hou. Hei tauira, kāore e tukuna he matū kino e ngā pounamu PP whaimana i te wā whakamahinga noa pērā i ētahi pounamu kirihou ngoikore.
Ngā Painga: He māmā ngā pounamu PP, he ngāwari ki te kawe me te whakamahi, ā, he pai hoki mō te kawe i waho. He iti te utu, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia ōhanga o ngā whānau rerekē.
Ngā Huakore: Ahakoa he pai te ātete ki te wera o ngā pounamu PP, tera pea ka pāngia e te koroheketanga, pērā i te rerekētanga me te whakarerekētanga, i muri i te whakamahinga roa o te pāmahana teitei, te patu huakita rānei, ka pā pea ki te roanga o te ora me te hiri o ngā pounamu.
Ngā pounamu polycarbonate (PC):
Ngā Āhuatanga: He mārama rawa ngā āhuatanga o ngā pounamu PC, he māmā te kakano, he kaha te ātete ki te pānga, he ātaahua te āhua, ā, he ngāwari ki te tirotiro i te nui o te miraka. Heoi, ka tukuna pea e ngā rauemi PC te bisphenol A (BPA) i te wā e wera ana, e roa ana rānei te whakamahinga. He matū kino tēnei ki te tinana tangata, ā, ka pā pea ki te hauora o ngā pēpi hou. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā whenua me ngā rohe kua aukati, kua ārai rānei i te whakamahinga o ngā pounamu PC kei roto te BPA.
Ngā Painga: He mārama rawa ngā pounamu PC, he ngāwari ki te tirotiro i te nui o te waiū, he kaha te ātete ki te pānga, kāore e ngawari ki te pakaru, ā, he pai mō ngā pēpi hou.
Ngā Huakore: Nā te tūponotanga o ngā tūponotanga o te bisphenol A, kua pātaihia te haumaru o ngā pounamu pēpi PC, ā, kua āta whakakorea e te mākete. Heoi anō, kua puta mai ētahi pounamu pēpi PC kāore i roto he bisphenol A ki te mākete, engari he tino teitei te utu.
Ngā pounamu pēpi Polystyrene (PS):
Ngā Āhuatanga: He mārama, he pakari hoki ngā pounamu pēpi PS, ā, he iti te utu. Heoi, he ngoikore te ātete wera o te rauemi PS, ā, ko te tikanga ka taea anake te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tata ki te 80°C. Kāore e pai mō te whakahoromata i te pāmahana teitei, ki te kore ka whakapēhia, ka tukuna rānei ngā matū kino.
Ngā Painga: He iti te utu o ngā pounamu pēpi PS, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā hiahia ōhanga o ētahi whānau.
Ngā Huakore: Nā te kore e ātete ki te wera, kāore e taea te whakahoromata i ngā pāmahana tiketike, ka pā pea tēnei ki te akuaku o ngā pounamu pēpi, ka piki ake hoki te tūponotanga o te mate kitakita i roto i ngā pēpi hou.
1.3 Ngā āhuatanga o ngā pounamu pēpi silicone
Ko ngā pounamu pēpi silicone tētahi o ngā momo pounamu pēpi hou e whai ake nei ōna āhuatanga:
Ngā Painga:
Te haumaru teitei: Ko te wāhanga matua o ngā pounamu pēpi silicone ko te silicone, he rauemi kai-kai, kāore he paitini, kāore he kakara, ā, he pumau ngā āhuatanga matū. Kāore e tukuna he matū kino, ā, he haumaru, he pono hoki mō te hauora o ngā pēpi hou. Hei tauira, ko ngā pounamu pēpi silicone kua tino whakamatautauria, kāore e tukuna he matū kino i raro i te whakamahinga noa pērā i ētahi pounamu pēpi kirihou.
Ngāwari pai: He ngāwari te kakano o ngā pounamu miraka silicone, ka pai ake te urutau ki te waha o te pēpi hou, ka whakaiti i te whakaohooho ki te waha o te pēpi hou, ā, he pai ake te wā e whāngai ana.
Te ātete pāmahana teitei: Ko te pāmahana ātete wera o ngā pounamu miraka silicone kei runga ake i te 200℃, ā, ka taea e rātou te tu atu i te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei, pērā i te whakahoromata mamaoa, te whakahoromata kohua rānei, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te akuaku o ngā pounamu miraka, te whakaiti i te tipu o te huakita, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā pēpi hou.
Kāore i te ngāwari te whakapēke: Kāore ngā pounamu miraka silicone e ngāwari te whakapēke i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te hiri pai kia kore ai e turuturu te miraka.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
Te utu nui: He nui te utu hanga mō ngā pounamu miraka silicone, nō reira he nui hoki te utu mākete, ka piki ake pea ngā utu tiaki tamariki a te whānau.
He iti te mārama: Ki te whakaritea ki ngā pounamu miraka karāhe me ngā pounamu miraka PC, he iti te mārama o ngā pounamu miraka silicone, kāore pea i te watea te tirotiro i te nui o te miraka, ā, me aro nui ake ki te whakahaere i te nui o te miraka i te wā e whāngai ana.

2. Te āhua me te kaha o ngā pounamu miraka

2.1 Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana mō ngā pounamu miraka o ngā āhua rerekē
He rerekē ngā āhua o ngā pounamu miraka, ā, ko ngā mea noa he tika, he piko, he whānui te waha. He rerekē ngā āhua e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga me ngā hiahia whāngai rerekē.
Pounamu miraka pūmau:
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ko ngā pounamu miraka pūmau te āhua tuku iho o te pounamu miraka, he āhua rite tonu te wāhi o roto, he mea watea mō te tirotiro i te nui o te miraka, ā, he ngāwari hoki te horoi. Hei tauira, he mārama te rahi o te pounamu miraka pūmau, ā, ka taea e ngā mātua te whakahaere tika i te nui o te miraka e whāngaihia ana.
Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana: He pai ngā pounamu miraka pūmau mō te whakamahi i te kāinga, inā koa he nui te auau o te whāngai i ngā pēpi hou, he mea watea mō ngā mātua ki te whakarite me te whāngai wawe. Hei tāpiri, he pai ake te pumau o ngā pounamu miraka pūmau, ā, kāore e ngāwari te takahuri ina whakatakotoria ki runga i te tēpu, he mea pai mō ngā pēpi hou ki te whakamahi i roto i te taiao marino.
Pounamu miraka piko:
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ka pai ake te taunga o te hoahoa o te pounamu miraka piko ki ngā ringa me te waha o ngā pēpi hou, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatauira i te tū o te whāngai ū. Ka taea e tōna hoahoa piko te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te horomitanga o te hau e ngā pēpi hou, me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pupuhi. Hei tauira, ka taea e te pounamu miraka piko te whakapai ake i te taunga o ngā ngutu o te pēpi hou ki te uma i te wā e whāngai ana, ka whakaiti i te waipuke o te waiū.
Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana: He pai te pounamu miraka piko mō te whakamahi i te wā e haere ana, e haereere ana rānei, nā te mea he watea te hoahoa mō ngā pēpi hou ki te hopu i a rātou anō, ā, ka taea e ngā mātua te tiaki i ngā pēpi hou. Hei tāpiri, he pai hoki te pounamu piko mō ngā pēpi hou e hiahia ana ki te huri i ngā tūranga whāngai i ngā wā katoa, ā, ka taea te whakarato i te wheako whāngai whakamarie ake.
Pounamu waha whānui:
Ngā Āhuatanga: He nui ake te waha o te pounamu waha-whānui, he mea watea mō te tāpiri paura miraka me te horoi. Nā te hoahoa waha-whānui ka taea e ngā mātua te whakamahi i te paraihe pounamu hei horoi pai i te roto o te pounamu, hei whakaiti hoki i ngā paru miraka me ngā toenga huakita. Hei tauira, i te wā e tāpirihia ana te paura miraka, ka taea e te pounamu waha-whānui te whakaiti i te maringi o te paura miraka, ā, ka pai ake te whāngai.
Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana: He pai ngā pounamu waha-whānui mō ngā pēpi hou e hiahia ana ki te tāpiri i te paura miraka, i ngā kai tāpiri rānei, inā koa me whakahaere tika te nui o te paura miraka i te wā e whāngai ana i ngā pēpi hou. Hei tāpiri, he pai hoki ngā pounamu waha-whānui mō ngā whānau e hiahia ana ki te horoi me te patu huakita i ngā pounamu i ia wā. Nā te hoahoa waha-whānui ka māmā ake te horoi me te patu huakita mā ngā mātua.
2.2 Te kōwhiringa o te kaha o te pounamu pēpi hou
He iti te kaha o te puku o ngā pēpi hou, ā, ka piki haere i te pakeketanga, nō reira he mea tino nui te whiriwhiri i tētahi pounamu e tika ana te kaha.
Te wā whānau hou wawe (0-3 marama):
Ngā Āhuatanga: I ngā marama tuatahi e 3 i muri i te whānautanga, he iti noa te kaha o te puku o ngā pēpi hou, i waenga i te 30-120 ml. Hei tauira, ko te kaha o te puku o ngā pēpi hou i te rā tuatahi i muri i te whānautanga he 5-7 ml noa iho, ā, ka piki haere i te roanga o ngā rā.
Kōwhiringa Pūngao: Mō ngā pēpi hou i tēnei wā, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i tētahi pounamu he 120-150 ml te rahi. Ka taea e tēnei rahinga o te pounamu te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā pēpi hou mō ia whāngai me te kore e waiho he para. Hei tauira, ko te tikanga me 60-100 ml te miraka e hiahiatia ana e ngā pēpi hou mō ia whāngai, ā, mā te pounamu 120-150 ml ka taea e ngā mātua te whakarerekē i ngā hiahia o ngā pēpi hou.
Te wā o waenganui o te pēpi hou (3-6 marama):
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ka piki haere te kaha o te puku o ngā pēpi hou i waenga i te 3-6 marama te pakeke, ā, ka piki ake anō hoki te nui o te waiū e whāngaihia ana i ia wā. Hei tauira, ko te nui o te waiū e whāngaihia ana i ia wā mō ngā pēpi hou i waenga i te 3-6 marama te pakeke he tata ki te 120-180 ml.
Kōwhiringa Pūngao: Mō ngā pēpi hou i tēnei wā, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i tētahi pounamu he 180-240 ml te rahi. Ka taea e tēnei rahinga pounamu te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā pēpi hou mō ia whāngai, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā whāngai me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whāngai. Hei tauira, mā te pounamu 180-240 ml ka taea e ngā pēpi hou te whiwhi miraka e ranea ana i te whāngai kotahi, ā, ka kore e pāngia e te mamae i puta mai i te whāngai pinepine.
Te wā whānau hou o muri mai (neke atu i te 6 marama):
Ngā Āhuatanga: Ka tīmata ngā pēpi hou neke atu i te 6 marama te tāpiri haere i ngā kai tāpiri, engari he puna nui tonu te miraka mō te kai. Hei tauira, ko te nui o te miraka e whāngaihia ana e ngā pēpi hou neke atu i te 6 marama te pakeke he tata ki te 180-240 ml ia whāngai, ā, ka pā anō hoki te tāpiri i ngā kai tāpiri ki te nui o te miraka e whāngaihia ana e ngā pēpi hou.
Kōwhiringa Pūngao: Mō ngā pēpi hou i tēnei wā, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i tētahi pounamu he 240-300 ml te rahi. Ka taea e tēnei rahinga o te pounamu te whakatutuki i te hiahia o te pēpi hou mō te miraka i muri i te tāpiri i ngā kai tāpiri, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā mātua te whakarerekē i te kai a te pēpi hou. Hei tauira, mā te pounamu 240-300 ml ka taea e ngā pēpi hou te whiwhi miraka nui i te whāngai kotahi, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā mātua te whakarerekē i te nui o te miraka i te wā e tāpirihia ana ngā kai tāpiri.

3. Kōwhiringa o te pūwero

3.1 Te whakataurite i ngā rauemi whakapūpū (silicone me te latex)
Ko te nuinga o ngā mea e whakamahia ana mō te whakangote he silicone me te rapa, he rerekē ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia mea.
Te pēpi silicone:
Ngā Painga: He ngohengohe ngā pūwero silicone, ā, he tata ki te pā o te waiū ū, ka taea te whakaiti i te ātete o ngā pēpi hou. He ātete ki ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana whakahoromata i runga ake i te 120°C. Kāore e ngāwari te whakapēkē, ā, he roa te ora mahi. Hei tauira, i muri i te whakahoromata i te pāmahana teitei, ka taea tonu e ngā pūwero silicone te pupuri i te ngāwari me te āhua pai. Hei tāpiri, kāore e ngaua ngāwari ngā pēpi hou ki ngā pūwero silicone, ā, he tino haumaru.
Ngā Huakore: He paku kino ake te ngāwari o ngā ūkui silicone i ērā o ngā ūkui rapa, ka pā pea tēnei ki te ngote o ngā pēpi hou. He paku teitei ake hoki tōna utu i ērā o ngā ūkui rapa, ka piki ake te utu mō te tiaki tamariki.
Te pēpi rapa:
Ngā Painga: He pai te ngāwari o ngā ūkui rapa, ā, ka pai ake te urutau ki te kaha ngote o ngā pēpi hou, kia pai ake ai te ngote o ngā pēpi hou. He iti te utu, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te taumahatanga ōhanga o te whānau.
Ngā Huakore: He ngoikore te ātete o ngā nipples rapa ki te pāmahana teitei, ā, ko te tikanga ka taea anake te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tata ki te 80°C. Mā te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei ka ngāwari te whakapōturi me te koroheketanga, ka whakapoto i te roa o te mahi. Hei tauira, i muri i te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei, ka pakeke, ka pakarukaru hoki ngā nipples rapa. Hei tāpiri, ka ngawari te ngau o ngā nipples rapa e ngā pēpi hou, ka tū hei tūponotanga haumaru, ā, ka pāngia pea ētahi pēpi hou e te mate pāwera.
3.2 Te whakataurite i te momo kōhao nipple me te tere rere
He mea nui te taurite o te momo pū kōhao o te uma me te tere o te rere o te ū mō te whāngai i ngā pēpi hou.
Ngā pūtu porowhita:
He kōhao porowhita iti: he pai mō ngā pēpi hou i te wā tōmua (0-3 marama). He iti te rere o te uma kōhao porowhita iti, ka ārai i ngā pēpi hou i te kōroke i te nui o te rere o te waiū. Hei tauira, ina whakamahia he uma kōhao porowhita iti, ka rere te waiū i roto i te pata, ā, ka taea e te pēpi hou te whakahaere i te tere ngote hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kōroke.
Kōhao porowhita waenga: he pai mō ngā pēpi hou kei waenganui (3-6 marama). He tere rere ngāwari te uma kōhao porowhita waenga, ka taea te whakatutuki i te hiahia miraka e piki haere ana o ngā pēpi hou, ā, e kore e nui rawa te rere o te waiū. Hei tauira, ina whakamahia he uma kōhao porowhita-waenga, ka taea te rere o te waiū i te tere rere pumau, ā, ka taea e te pēpi hou te ngote mārie, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te whāngai.
He kōhao porowhita nui: he pai mō te whakamahi i te wāhanga whakamutunga o ngā pēpi hou (neke atu i te 6 marama). He nui te rere o te uma kōhao porowhita nui, ka taea te whakatutuki i te hiahia nui o te pēpi hou ki te waiū, ā, ka tere te whāngai. Hei tauira, i muri i te tāpiri i ngā kai tāpiri, ka poto ake te wā whāngai o ngā pēpi hou, ā, ka taea e te uma kōhao porowhita nui te āwhina i te whakaoti tere i te whāngai me te penapena wā.
Uma whakawhiti-āhua:
Ngā Āhuatanga: He ahurei te hoahoa kōhao o te uma porowhita, ā, ka taea te whakarite aunoa i te tere rere kia rite ki te kaha ngote o te pēpi hou. Ina ngote nui te pēpi hou, ka piki ake te tere rere o te waiū; ina mutu te ngote o te pēpi hou, ka heke, ka mutu rānei te tere rere o te waiū. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka taea te karo i te para waiū me te kōroke o te pēpi hou.
Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana: He pai te uma porowhita mō ngā pēpi hou o ngā wāhanga katoa, inā koa mō ngā pēpi hou he ngoikore te kaha ngote, he koretake rānei te kaha ngote. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e ngā pēpi i whānau wawe, ngā pēpi hou ngoikore rānei ngā uma porowhita hei whakatikatika i te rere o te waiū kia rite ki tō rātou kaha ngote, hei whakaiti hoki i ngā uauatanga whāngai.

4. Ētahi atu wāhi hoko
4.1 Te hiranga o te hoahoa ārai-pupuhi
Kāore anō kia tino whanake te pūnaha nakunaku o ngā pēpi hou, ā, he ngāwari ki a rātou te horomi i te hau i te wā e whāngai ana, ka puta ai te hau, te pupuhi, tae noa ki te mamae o te puku, ka pā ki te whakamarie me te kounga o te moe. Ka taea e ngā pounamu ārai-hau te whakaiti i te putanga mai o ēnei raruraru.
Mātāpono: Ko ngā pounamu ārai-pupuhi he tikanga he hoahoa hanganga motuhake, pērā i te pūnaha arataki hau a Tākuta Brown, e wehewehe ana i te hau mai i te waiū mā te whakatakoto i tētahi ngongo arataki hau, i tētahi takirere arataki hau rānei ki roto i te pounamu, kia taea ai te tuku pai i te hau, kia kore ai hoki e uru te hau ki roto i te puku o te pēpi hou.
Pānga: E ai ki ngā rangahau mākete, ko te auau o te pupuhi i roto i ngā pēpi hou e whakamahi ana i ngā pounamu ārai-pupuhi he tata ki te 30% te iti iho i ērā o ngā pounamu noa. Hei tauira, he pai te mahi a ngā pounamu ārai-pupuhi a Tākuta Brown i te whakamahinga tūturu, ā, he maha ngā mātua e kī ana he whai hua ēnei ki te whakaiti i te pupuhi o ngā pēpi hou, ā, ka taea te āwhina i ngā pēpi hou ki te kai pai ake.
Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana: Mō ngā pēpi hou, inā koa ngā pēpi whānau wawe, ngā pēpi hou rānei he tairongo te pūnaha nakunaku, ko ngā pounamu ārai-pupuhi te kōwhiringa tuatahi. Hei tauira, he ngoikore ake te pūnaha nakunaku o ngā pēpi whānau wawe. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pounamu ārai-pupuhi ka taea te whakaiti i te mamae i puta mai i te pupuhi me te whakatairanga i tō rātou tipu hauora.
4.2 Te ngāwari o te horoi me te patu huakita i ngā pounamu miraka
He mea nui te horoi me te patu huakita i ngā pounamu miraka hei tiaki i te hauora o ngā pēpi hou. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā pounamu miraka he ngāwari ki te horoi me te patu huakita ka taea te whakaiti i te tipu o ngā huakita me te mōrearea o ngā mate pēpi hou.
Te ngāwari o te horoi: Ka pā te āhua me te rauemi o te pounamu miraka ki te ngāwari o te horoi. Hei tauira, he nui ake te waha o te pounamu miraka waha-whānui, he mea ngāwari ki te whakamahi i te paraihe pounamu hei horoi pai i roto, hei whakaiti hoki i ngā toenga o ngā paru miraka me ngā huakita. He maeneene te mata o te pounamu miraka karāhe, ā, kāore e ngāwari te waiho i ngā paru miraka, nō reira he ngāwari noa iho te horoi. E ai ki ngā urupare a ngā kaiwhakamahi, he nui ake te pai o te horoinga o te pounamu miraka karāhe waha-whānui, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te uaua o te horoi.
Te ngāwari o te patu huakita: Ko te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te pumau o ngā rauemi o te pounamu miraka e whakatau ana i te ngāwari o te patu huakita. He nui ake te ātete ki te pāmahana wera o ngā pounamu miraka karāhe me ngā pounamu miraka silicone, ā, ka taea te tu atu ki te patu huakita pāmahana teitei, pērā i te patu huakita mamaoa, te patu huakita kohua rānei, ā, he tino pai ake te pānga patu huakita. Ahakoa ka taea e ētahi pounamu kirihou (pērā i ngā pounamu PP) te tu atu ki te patu huakita pāmahana teitei, ka tawhito pea i te whakamahinga roa. E ai ki ngā rangahau mākete, ko te pai o te kaiwhakamahi ki ngā pounamu karāhe me ngā pounamu silicone mō te ngāwari me te haumaru o te patu huakita i eke ki te 90% me te 85%.
Te whakamahinga whaihua: I roto i te whakamahinga o ia rā, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā pounamu e ngāwari ana te horoi me te whakahoromata ka taea te penapena i te wā me te kaha o ngā mātua, me te tiaki pai ake i te hauora o ngā pēpi hou. Hei tauira, mō ngā whānau e hiahia ana ki te horoi me te whakahoromata i ngā pounamu i ngā wā katoa, he kōwhiringa pai ngā pounamu karāhe waha whānui, ka taea ai te whakarite i te pānga horoi me te haumaru whakahoromata.

5. Whakarāpopototanga
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā pounamu waiū mō ngā pēpi hou, me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga maha hei whakarite i te haumaru, te whaihua me te whakamarie o ngā pounamu.
Mō ngā rauemi, he haumaru ngā pounamu karāhe, he ātete ki te wera, he ngāwari hoki te horoi, engari he pakarukaru, he taumaha, ā, he utu nui; he māmā, he utu tika hoki ngā pounamu polypropylene (PP), engari ka tawhito pea i muri i te whakamahinga roa i te pāmahana teitei; he tino mārama, he ātete hoki ki te pānga ngā pounamu polycarbonate (PC), engari he tūponotanga ka tukuna te bisphenol A, ā, kei te āta tangohia haeretia e te mākete; he iti te utu o ngā pounamu polystyrene (PS), engari he ngoikore te ātete ki te wera, ā, kāore e pai mō te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei; he haumaru, he ngawari, he ātete ki te wera ngā pounamu silicone, engari he utu nui, ā, he iti ake te mārama. Ka taea e ngā mātua te whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika e ai ki ō rātou hiahia me ngā āhuatanga ōhanga.
Mō te āhua me te kaha o te pounamu, he pai te pounamu ngongo tika mō te whakamahi i te kāinga, he mea watea mō te tirotiro i te nui o te miraka me te horoi; he pai te pounamu piko mō te whakamahi i te wā e haere ana, e haereere ana rānei, he mea watea mō ngā pēpi hou ki te hopu, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hau; he ngāwari te tāpiri paura miraka me te horoi i te pounamu waha whānui. Mō te wāhanga tōmua o ngā pēpi hou (0-3 marama), e taunakihia ana kia whiriwhiria he pounamu he 120-150 ml te kaha; mō te wāhanga waenga (3-6 marama), whiriwhiria he pounamu he 180-240 ml te kaha; mō te wāhanga tōmuri (neke atu i te 6 marama), whiriwhiria he pounamu he 240-300 ml te kaha.
He mea nui anō hoki te whiriwhiri i te nipple. He ngohengohe ngā nipple silicone, he ātete ki te wera, ā, kāore e ngāwari te whakapēke, engari he iti ake te ngāwari o te whakamahi, ā, he iti ake te utu; he pai te ngāwari o ngā nipple rapa, ā, he iti te utu, engari he iti ake te ātete ki ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, he ngāwari hoki te ngau. Mō te momo kōhao nipple, ka wehea ngā nipple porowhita ki te iti, te waenga me te nui, e tika ana mō ngā pēpi hou o ngā reanga rerekē; ka taea e ngā nipple āhua ripeka te whakarite aunoa i te tere rere kia rite ki te kaha ngote, e tika ana mō ngā pēpi hou i ngā wāhanga katoa.
Mō te waitohu me te utu, e tū motuhake ana ngā waitohu rongonui pērā i a Pigeon, Dr. Brown, me Philips Avent mō ō rātou kounga teitei me te ingoa pai. He painga me he ngoikoretanga ō ngā pounamu o ngā utu rerekē. He ohanga ngā pounamu utu iti, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia taketake; he whai hua ngā pounamu utu waenga, ā, he maha ngā rauemi me ngā hoahoa; he tino pai te kounga me ngā mahi o ngā pounamu utu nui, engari he tino teitei te utu.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e ngā pounamu he hoahoa ārai-pupuhi te whakaiti i te puta o te pupuhi i roto i ngā pēpi hou, he mea nui rawa atu tēnei mō ngā pēpi i whānau wawe, ngā pēpi hou rānei he tairongo te pūnaha nakunaku. Kaua e warewarehia te ngāwari o te horoi me te patu huakita i ngā pounamu. He pai ake te mahi a ngā pounamu waha whānui me ngā pounamu karāhe i tēnei āhuatanga.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā pounamu mō ngā pēpi hou, me whai whakaaro koe ki ngā āhuatanga maha i runga i te tau o te pēpi, ngā matea whāngai, ngā āhuatanga ōhanga o te whānau, me ngā manakohanga mō ngā rauemi pounamu, ngā āhua, te kaha, ngā uma, me ētahi atu, ā, whiriwhiria te pounamu tino tika hei whakarite i te hauora o te pēpi hou me te watea o te whāngai.