Umahluko ngobunzima phakathi kweewigi zabantu kunye neewigi ezenziweyo

Umahluko kubunzima phakathi kweewigi zabantu kunye Iiwigi zokwenziwa

Kwimarike yeewigi, iiwigi zabantu kunye neewigi ezenziweyo zezona ntlobo zimbini zixhaphakileyo. Ngayinye ineempawu kunye neenzuzo ezikhethekileyo, ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno. Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi, kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko kubunzima phakathi kweewigi ezimbini, kuba oku kuya kuchaphazela ngqo amava omthengi okunxiba, iindleko zothutho, indawo yemarike kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

1. Izizathu zomahluko phakathi kweewigi zabantu kunye neewigi ezenziweyo

(I) Umahluko wobuninzi bezinto ngokwazo
Iiwigi zokwenyani zenziwe ngeenwele zokwenyani zabantu, kwaye eyona nto iphambili yikeratin. Le fiber yendalo yeproteni inesakhiwo kunye neempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, kwaye uxinano lwayo luphantsi, malunga ne-1.29 - 1.32g/cm³. Iiwigi zokwenziwa zenziwe ngefiber zokwenziwa, ezifana neefiber zepolyester kunye neefiber zepolyamide. Uxinano lwale fiber yokwenziwa ludla ngokuba phezulu kunolo lweenwele zokwenyani zabantu. Umzekelo, uxinano lweefiber zepolyester lumalunga ne-1.38g/cm³, kwaye uxinano lweefiber zepolyamide lumalunga ne-1.14g/cm³. Ke ngoko, phantsi komthamo ofanayo, ubunzima beewigi zokwenziwa buya kuba nzima kunobo beewigi zokwenyani zabantu.
(II) Impembelelo yenkqubo yemveliso kubunzima
Inkqubo yokuvelisa iiwigi zabantu iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ngokubanzi isebenzisa indlela yokwaluka ngesandla okanye yokwaluka ngomatshini kunye nokuguqulwa kwesandla. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwaluka, iinwele ziya kufakwa ungqimba kwaye zilukwe ngokweemfuno zokwenyani. Le nkqubo inokuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nobume bewigi ngelixa isenza iwigi ibe lula kwaye iphefumle ngakumbi iyonke. Iiwigi zefayibha ezenziweyo ziveliswa kakhulu ngoomatshini. Ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwemilo, iinwele ezityebileyo kunye neendlela zokwaluka ezixineneyo zihlala zisetyenziswa, nto leyo ekhokelela kubunzima obukhulu beewigi zefayibha zamakhemikhali. Umzekelo, ezinye iiwigi zabantu ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinobunzima bokwaluka obumalunga ne-100-150 yeenwele nge-intshi yesikwere, ngelixa iiwigi zefayibha zamakhemikhali zinokufikelela kwiinwele ezingama-200-300 nge-intshi yesikwere.

2. Iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa ngumahluko wobunzima phakathi kweewigi zabantu kunye neewigi zefayibha zamakhemikhali
(I) Ukunxiba intuthuzelo
Ukukhanya kweewigi zabantu kuzenza zikhululeke ngakumbi xa zinxitywa ixesha elide, zinoxinzelelo oluncinci entlokweni kwaye ziphefumla ngcono. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwabanye abathengi abafuna ukunxiba iiwigi ixesha elide ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ziinwele, unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nezinye izizathu. Kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukungonwabi kunye nokudinwa kwentloko. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu beewigi zefayibha zokwenziwa, ukuzinxiba ixesha elide kunokubangela uxinzelelo entlokweni, ukuxinana, kwanokunganyamezelani kwentloko. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiwigi zefayibha zokwenziwa ziphucukile kubuchwepheshe bokuvelisa. Ngokusebenzisa iinwele ezincinci kunye nokwenza ngcono ulwakhiwo lokuluka, intuthuzelo yokunxiba iphuculwe ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.
(II) Isiphumo sokuhombisa
Ubunzima obulula beewigi zabantu buyenza ibe yendalo kwaye igude ngakumbi xa isenziwa isitayile, kwaye inokwenza ngokulula iintlobo ngeentlobo zeziphumo zesitayile seenwele, ukusuka kwiinwele ezinde ezigudileyo ukuya kwiinwele ezigobileyo ezithambileyo, ezinokungena kakuhle kwi-contour yentloko kwaye zibonise ubuhle bendalo beenwele. Ubunzima bayo busasazwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye akulula ukubangela ukuba isitayile seenwele siguquguquke ngenxa yokutyeba kancinci. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ubunzima obunzima beewigi zefayibha ezenziweyo bunokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesitayile sayo. Kwezinye iindlela zoyilo lweenwele ezintsonkothileyo, amanyathelo okulungisa anokufuneka ukuze kugcinwe imo, kwaye kulula ukutyibilika nokutshintsha ngexesha lokunxiba, okuchaphazela isiphumo sesitayile siphela. Nangona kunjalo, iiwigi ezenziweyo nazo zinezibonelelo zazo kwiimeko ezithile zesitayile. Umzekelo, kwabanye abathengi abalandela iindlela zeenwele ezigqithisileyo nezinzima, ubunzima beewigi ezenziweyo bunokudlala indima ethile yokuncedisa, okwenza isitayile sabo sibe nobukhulu obuthathu kwaye sigcwele.
(III) Ixabiso
Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto kunye nobunzima benkqubo yokuvelisa, ixabiso leewigi zabantu liphezulu. Nangona zilula ngobunzima, ixabiso ligxile kakhulu kwizinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zeenwele zabantu kunye nemveliso eyenziwe ngesandla. Ixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza zeewigi zokwenziwa liphantsi, inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula, kwaye imveliso enkulu eyenziwe ngoomatshini iyinika ithuba lexabiso kwimarike. Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi, ngelixa becinga ngomahluko wobunzima, kufuneka balinganise ngokupheleleyo iindleko zokuthenga kunye nokwamkelwa kwamaxabiso kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukuba abathengi ekujoliswe kubo banemfuno ephezulu yomgangatho kunye namava okunxiba iiwigi, kwaye abanangxaki kangako nexabiso, ke iiwigi zabantu zinokuba nomtsalane ngakumbi; ukuba imakethi ekujoliswe kuyo inovelwano ngakumbi kwixabiso, kwaye iimfuno zokunxiba ixesha kunye nentuthuzelo azikho nzima kakhulu, ke iiwigi zokwenziwa zinokuba lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu.
(IV) Iimeko zokusetyenziswa
Kwezinye iimeko apho kufuneka utshintshe iinwele zakho rhoqo, uthathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoluntu, okanye ube neemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zobuhle beenwele zakho, njengemiboniso yefashoni, imidlalo yeqonga, kunye nokudubula iifilimu kunye nomabonwakude, iiwigi zabantu ziye zaba lukhetho lokuqala lwabachwephesha beesitayile kunye nabadlali ngenxa yobunzima bazo obulula, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kunye nentuthuzelo entle. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwabanye abathengi abafuna ukunxiba iiwigi ngamanye amaxesha ukutshintsha umfanekiso wabo kunye nokugubungela iingxaki zokulahleka kweenwele, okanye kwezinye iimeko apho bengenazo iimfuno eziphezulu zokuhombisa kwaye banike ingqalelo ngakumbi ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzisekeni, njengemidlalo nemisebenzi yangaphandle, iiwigi zokwenziwa zithandwa ngenxa yokukhanya kwazo, ukhathalelo olulula, kunye namaxabiso afikelelekayo. Ukongeza, kwezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zokuqeshisa iiwigi, inzuzo yobunzima beewigi zokwenziwa ikwanceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokuhamba kunye nolawulo.

3. Indlela yokusebenzisa umahluko wobunzima ukuze udale ixabiso kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi
(I) Indawo echanekileyo yokuthengisa
Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi banokubeka imarike ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zemarike ekujoliswe kuyo kunye neemfuno zabathengi, kunye nomahluko wobunzima phakathi kweewigi zabantu kunye neewigi ezenziweyo. Ukuba imarike ekujoliswe kuyo ngabathengi abaphakathi nabaphezulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu ne-United States, abaneemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho kunye namava okunxiba iiwigi kwaye bazimisele ukuhlawula ixabiso eliphezulu kwiimveliso ezingcono, ngoko ke singagxila ekuthengeni iiwigi zabantu kwaye sigxininise kwiimpawu zazo zemveliso ezikhaphukhaphu, ezikhululekileyo, eziyinyani nezendalo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Iiwigi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kwiimarike eziphakathi nezisezantsi kwamanye amazwe okanye imimandla esakhasayo, abathengi banokunikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwixabiso leewigi, kwaye banemfuno ephantsi yokunxiba intuthuzelo kunye nemiphumo yesitayile. Ngeli xesha, iiwigi zefayibha ezenziweyo zinokuba zezona mveliso ziphambili, zitsala abathengi ngamaxabiso azo afikelelekayo kunye nobunzima obuphantsi.
(II) Ukuphucula ipotifoliyo yemveliso
Kwinkqubo yokuthenga ngokwenyani, abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abanakukhawulelwa kuhlobo olunye lweewigi, kodwa ngokwemfuno yemarike kunye nedatha yokuthengisa, fanisa ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo wokuthengwa kweewigi zabantu kunye neewigi zefayibha zokwenziwa ukuze kwenziwe ipotifoliyo yemveliso etyebileyo neyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kumgca wemveliso ofanayo, iintlobo zeewigi zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima zinokuqaliswa, kubandakanya iiwigi zabantu ezilula kunye neewigi zefayibha zokwenziwa ezinzima kancinci, ukubonelela abathengi ngokhetho oluninzi. Kwangaxeshanye, iiwigi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima zinokudityaniswa kwaye zihambelane ngokwexesha lamaxesha ahlukeneyo, amaxesha kunye neendlela zefashoni. Umzekelo, ehlotyeni, iiwigi zabantu zokwenyani ezikhanyayo neziphefumlayo ziyaqaliswa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuthengisa, kwaye ebusika, iiwigi ezintsha zefayibha zokwenziwa ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo ziqaliswa ngokuyintloko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike kunye nomthamo wokuthengisa weemveliso.
(III) Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezenzelwe wena
Kwabanye abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo zeewigi, njengeesalon ezinkulu zeenwele, iinkampani zefilimu kunye nethelevishini, njl.njl., abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi banokusebenzisa ukuqonda kwabo umahluko wobunzima phakathi kweewigi zabantu zokwenyani kunye neewigi zefayibha zokwenziwa kunye nezixhobo zabathengisi ukubabonelela ngeenkonzo ezenzelwe bona. Umzekelo, ngokweemfuno zomthengi ezithile zokuhombisa kunye neemeko zokunxiba, iimveliso zeewigi ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo, izixhobo kunye neesitayile zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthengi ezenzelwe wena. Kwinkqubo yokwenza ngokwezifiso, iingcebiso zobungcali kunye nezisombululo zinokubonelelwa nabathengi. Umzekelo, kubathengi abanxiba iiwigi ixesha elide, iiwigi zabantu ezikhaphukhaphu ziyacetyiswa kunye nezixhobo zokunxiba ezikhululekileyo; kubathengi abalandela iziphumo ezikhethekileyo zesiteji, kuyilwe iiwigi zefayibha zokwenziwa ezinzima kodwa ezinemilinganiselo emithathu, kwaye kubonelelwa ngenkxaso yobugcisa yokuhombisa kunye nokugcinwa, ukuze kuphuculwe ukunamathela kwabathengi kunye nobunzulu bentsebenziswano, kwandiswe iindlela zoshishino, kwaye kudale ixabiso eliphezulu lorhwebo.

Ngamafutshane, umahluko kubunzima phakathi kweewigi zokwenyani zabantu kunye neewigi zokwenziwa ubangelwa kukungafani kobuninzi bezinto kunye nenkqubo yemveliso. Lo mahluko kubunzima unempembelelo enkulu kwintuthuzelo yokunxiba, isiphumo sesitayile, ixabiso kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa.