Ho tloha Fekthering ea Chaena ho ea Ntlong ea polokelo ea Amerika: Lebokose la Hao le ka Pholoha Marotholi a Mangata Joang? Mokhoa o Felletseng oa Teko ea Sepakete ea Saense

Hobaneng o Lokela ho Etsa Teko ea ho Lahla le ho Tsamaisa Pakete?

• Ho sebetsana le letsoho/mechanical: ho lahlela, ho dihela, ho thulana
• Sepalangoang sa leeto le lelelele: ho thothomela ha nako e telele ho sa feleng (leoatle), ho thothomela ha maqhubu a phahameng (moea), pherekano ea litsela
• Ho bokella thepa ea polokelo: ho sila ho tsoa ho bokellaneng ka mekhahlelo
• Liphetoho tsa tikoloho: mocheso o phahameng le mongobo ka har'a lijana, mokhathala oa thepa le ho hloleha ha eona

Maemo a Teko a ISTA a Hlalositsoe: Sephutheloana sa Hao se Hloka Boemo Bofe?

1. Letoto la 1 la ISTA: Liteko tsa Motheo tsa Tshebetso (Tlhahlobo e Potlakileng)

• Bakeng sa: thepa e nyane e akaretsang, lipalangoang tsa tsela tse khutšoanyane, tlhahlobo ea pele e theko e tlase
• Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Teko ea ho theoha ka mahlakore a 6, ho thothomela ha motheo
• Likarolo: ketsiso ea tikoloho e potlakileng, e theko e tlase, ha e na tikoloho e rarahaneng
• Keletso: bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea kahare feela; ha e khothalletsoe bakeng sa tšebeliso ea ho tšela meeli e telele

2. Letoto la 2 la ISTA: Liteko tsa Ketsiso e sa Fellang (Ka Tikoloho e Lokisitsoeng)

• Bakeng sa: thepa e laolang leoatle e nang le likotsi tsa mongobo/thempereichara (lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, thepa ea ka tlung, lisebelisoa)
• Litlatsetso: ho lokisa mocheso/mongobo pele, teko ea ho bokella, tšusumetso e sekametseng
• Papali: China e tloaelehileng→ thepa ea leoatle ea USA FCL/LCL

3. Letoto la 3 la ISTA: Liteko tse Felletseng tsa Ketsiso (Boemo bo Holimo ka ho Fetisisa)

• Bakeng sa: lipalangoang tsa mekhoa e mengata (tsela + leoatle/moea + polokelo), thepa ea boleng bo holimo, e senyehang habonolo, e tsamaellanang le FBA
• Baemeli: ISTA 3A (liphutheloana), ISTA 3E (pallets)
• Lintho: ho thothomela ho sa reroang, ho theoha ho pheta-phetoang, litlamorao tsa bohale/sekhutlo/sefahleho, potoloho ea tikoloho
• Qeto: ho fetisa ho bolela hore ho paka ho ka mamella likotsi tsa 'nete tsa thepa tse amanang le khokahano e felletseng

Melao ea Motheo ea ho Theoha

• Tatellano: Sekhutlo se fokolang ka ho fetisisa → moedi o mokgutshwane → moedi o molelele → difahleho tsohle
• Bolelele: boima = bophahamo bo tlase ba lerotholi (≈76 cm ho 10 kg; ≈20 cm ho 45–68 kg)
• Mekhoa ea ho feta: ha ho na ho phatloha ha sebopeho, ha ho na tšenyo ea sehlahisoa sa kahare, ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng.

Likepe tsa Leoatle khahlanong le tsa Moeeng: Litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa Matla a ho Paka

1. Thepa ea Leoatle (Chaena → USA)

• Likotsi tsa bohlokoa: ho thothomela ha maqhubu a tlase nako e telele, mongobo o phahameng, khatello e bokellaneng, moferefere oa leoatle
• Melao e khothaletsoang: Teko ea ISTA 2A / 3E + stacking
  • Lebokose la kantle: BC e nang le mabota a mabeli kapa ho feta, boima ba mojaro ≥1.4 × boima ba thepa
  • Tšireletso ea mongobo: filimi e ka hare e thibelang mongobo + sekoahelo se felletseng sa kantle
  • Ho bokella: hlakola leibole ea "max stacking layers"; ha ho na overload
  • Matlafatso: thepa e boima/liphalete li sebelisa lithapo le litšireletso tsa mapheo ho qoba ho phatlohaLintho tsa bohlokoa tsa ho paka:

2. Mekero ea Lifofane (Chaena → USA)

• Likotsi tsa bohlokoa: ho thothomela ha maqhubu a phahameng, phetisetso le tsamaiso tse ngata, tikoloho e nang le khatello e tlase
• Melao e khothaletsoang: Ketsiso ea ISTA 3A + khatello e tlase
• Lintho tsa bohlokoa tsa ho paka:
  • E bobebe le e matla haholo; qoba boima bo feteletseng
  • Ho khomarela ka thata ho fokotsa phetiso ea ho tšoha
  • Ho latela melao ka botlalo: libeteri, mekelikeli, phofo li latela melao ea IATA
  • Boima ka lebokose le le leng bo ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea boema-fofane

Matlafatso e Ikhethileng bakeng sa Lintho tse Fokolang le tse Boima

1. Thepa e Fokolang Hantle (Khalase, Ceramics, Mabone, Electronics e Hlokahalang Hantle)

1. Lera le ka hare: EPE e felletseng / phutheloana ea kholomo ea bubble + litšireletso tsa likhutlo
2. Lera la ho lokisa: dibopeho tsa foam tse ikgethileng / di-slots tsa mahe a dinotshi → ho se tsamaye ha letho
3. Lera le bohareng: dikotwana tse kobehileng ho thibela ho thulana ha kahare
4. Lera le ka ntle: lebokose le nang le mabota a mabeli le boima + lerapo la sefapano/lebokose
5. Ho ngolwa: distikara tse buang ka dipuo tse ngata tse reng “LEHLAKO LENA LE HODIMO/LE METSI”

2. Thepa e Boima (Lisebelisoa, Lisebelisoa, Thepa ea ka tlung, Lintho tse Kholo)

• Sebopeho sa mojaro: pallet e tiileng ea lehong/plywood bakeng sa kabo e lekanang ea boima
• Lebokose: Nyeoe e boima ea AAA/BC e entsoeng ka masela a thata kapa ea plywood
• Ho koahela: li-pad tsa rabara / foam e teteaneng haholo bakeng sa ho hanyetsa ho tšoha le ho khohlela
• Ho tiisa: litšireletso tsa tšepe tse ka lehlakoreng le leng + lebanta la polyester ho thibela ho petsoha
• Ho latela melao: ho paka ka lehong IPPC e fumigated/e phekotsoe ka mocheso ho qoba ho tšoaroa ka lekhetho la US.

Phallo e Felletseng ea Teko ea Sepakete ea Saense (E Loketse ho Kenngoa)

1. Sampole le Tokiso ea Pele
   Lokisa mabokose a le boemong ba 'nete ba ho romelloa; a be boemong ba 23°C / 50% RH bakeng sa lihora tse ≥24 ho tsitsisa ts'ebetso ea thepa.
2. Netefatso ea Matla le Bophara
   Hlahloba ho sithabela ha bohale, matla a phatlohang, boima le litekanyo ho fihlela melao ea lipalangoang le polokelo.
3. Teko ea ho Lahla
   Etsa marotholi a sekhutlo, a bohale le a sefahleho ho latela tatellano ea ISTA; ngola litlamorao le libopeho.
4. Ho thothomela / ho bokellana / Tšusumetso
   Etsisa ho thothomela ha dipalangwang le ho bokellana ha diphahlo tsa polokelo ho netefatsa kgatello le ho hanyetsa mokhathala.
5. Tlosa lebokoseng 'me u hlahlobe
   Hlahloba lebokose, mesamo, le lihlahisoa; tlaleho ea ho amoheloa ha tokollo/tokiso.
6. Ntlafatsa & Lekola Bocha
   Lokisa thepa, sebopeho le mesamo; leka hape ho fihlela e tsitsa.

Mehopolo ea ho Qetela